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Knowledge sharing
• 2/3 of professionals keep knowledge close by• Quarter does not share at all
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One big brain
“If HP knew what HP knows, we would be three times as profitable”
Lew Platt, former CEO Hewlett Packard
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Not breaking the circle...
... means redudancy of ideas!
‘the strenght of weak ties’ lies in diversity of ideas from different groups
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Sorts of knowledge
Explicit => operational => easy transfer
Tacit => context specific/personal => difficult
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Question
If you consider your organization to be one big brain, how big is the part you have access to?
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Answers from the past
Building IT systems
Unified theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology framework
Offering rewards
Did not work either
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Internet
• Dutch people over 31 hours per month on the internet
• 25% above EU average
• Part of population using internet is 88,6%
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Was not always so...
• Oldest newspaper 1618
• More newspapers 20th century, start TV 1951
Þ Information gathering watersnoodramp 1953
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How did you gather information on
Þ 9/11 Þ Capture of Khadaffi
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How did I gather information on
Þ 9/11
Þ telephone, television
Þ Capture of Khadaffi
Þ Twitter, web
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Power of communication
• Internet broke through 15 years ago
• Wide audience could gather information
• Users responded, posed questions, answered
• Unknown people became experts
• Power of communication shifted to the public
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Where is everyone?
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Social Networks
• Around 2005 blogs • Dialogue from, with, to,
between all• People share
experiences, we all have become news
• Positive & complaints• Personal & business
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Social Media NL
Update 2012
• Hyves 66%• Facebook 39%• LinkedIn 17%• Twitter 17%
(August 2010)
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How active are you?
• Non-users 33%
• Inactives 19%
• Joiners 14%
• Collectors 31%
• Creators 3%
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What makes users participate?
• 3 dimensions relate to Social Media use, positively or negatively
Þ Openness to experiences
Þ ExtroversionÞ Emotional stability
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Age
• Extraversion predicts young adults’ use of Social Media
• Openness to new experiences predictor for older people
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Gender
• Extroversion leads to more Social Media use for men and women
• Only more instable men more regular users
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Forms of social media
• Wiki’s: platforms to share knowledge and ideas
• Social network sites: connect with other people online
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More forms
• Microblogs: platforms to publish short messages on
• Blogs: online columns with personal observations/opinions
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Share with your neighbour
What social media are you active on?
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Media richness & self-disclosure
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Respondents
• 412 (13% of the 3.026 employees)
• 69% completed survey: 284 participants (9%)
• 46% male (Inh. 44%)• 54% female (Inh. 56%)
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Generation
87% 13%
• Age range between 65 and 20 years old
• Average age 46
• Generation X, digital non natives, < 1980
• Generation Y, digital natives, > 1980
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Employment years
• Mean 9,4• Std. Deviation 8,0• Minimum 0• Maximum 40
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Inholland56% teaching staff44% non-teaching
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DomainsDomain Participants Inholland
Communication, Media, and Music 16,5% (+ 2,4%) 14,1%
Health, Sports, and Social Work 14,4% (- 4,2%) 18,6%
Management, Finance, and Law 11,3% (- 3,5%) 14,9%
Marketing, Tourism, Leisure Management 13,7% (+ 3,1%) 10,6%
Education, Philosophy of Life 11,6% (- 0,9%) 12,5%
Technique, Design and Information Techn. 7,4% (+ 1,5%) 5,9%
Unit Agriculture 2,1% (- 0,1%) 2,2%
Inholland Main organization 22,9% (+1,6%) 21,3%
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Grade yourself
What grades do you give yourself?
Þ Knowledge sharerÞ Social media user
Be honest!
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Grades
• My job: 8
• Knowledge sharer: 7
• Social Media user: 5
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Inholland users on social media
Friends M = 86 64 125 47/58 17/24
SD = 106 90 137 102/114 42/73min = 0 0 0 0/0 0/0max = 700 365 800 700/650251/489
Inholland employees have 339 friends / relations on social networks on average – overlaps possible.
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Social Media in the workplace
• Boundaries between private and business blurring, emergence of “Enterprise 2.0”
• Social Media during work hours allowed by 87% of all organizations
• Rules or “codes of conduct” by 63%
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Internal use of Social Media
• 42% of companies use Social Media internally, but without direction
• 17% fully integrated
• 28% plans for future
• 13% no Social Media at all and no plans
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Advantages of Social Media use
Professionals:• Increase network• Gather information
Organizations:• Marketing• Relationship building• Knowledge sharing
within the company
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Professionals
• Use Social Media to share information, pose questions, give answers
• Positions as expert• Gives network boost• Social media supports:
co-operation 26%finding people 65%sharing knowledge 77%networking 81%
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Advantages for Inholland professionals
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Costs for Inholland professionals
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Summing up: “Social Media....”
• Help my career• Good for my reputation• Brings me valuable
knowledge
• Don’t cost too much time• Don’t cost too much trouble• Rather share knowledge,
don’t expect criticism
Þ Slightly disagreeÞ Slightly disagree Þ Slightly disagree
Þ NeutralÞ NeutralÞ Slightly agree
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Behaviour
18%
12%
9%
10%
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How about knowledge sharing?
Virtual communities without rich knowledge are of limited value, content is king!
Sharing is natural, knowledge sharing within organizations is complex.
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Will tools do the trick?
Companies facilitate internal communication with IT, intranets and more, and have a core that is Social Media.
But... It’s easier to give communities tools, than tools communities.
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Motivations to share
• I naturally share info on strategy and methods
• I share info on strategies that did not work well
• I go out of my way to help others with a problem
• I help without being asked• I respond quickly to e-mails• I send detailed e-mails
Þ Slightly agree
Þ Slightly agree
Þ Agree
Þ Slightly agreeÞ AgreeÞ Sligtly agree
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TrendCommunication
professionals consider the increase of sharing experiences, knowledge and information through Social Media the most important trend to anticipate.
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Shared awareness who knows what
If HP knew what HP knows, we would be three times as profitable. – Lew Platt
Sharing alone not enough, knowledge has to be applied. Who knows what? Can be improved with information technology.
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Transactive Memory of Inholland
• I can find info and know who to ask questions
• To find info or expert I use traditional media
• To find info or expert I use Social Media
Þ Often
Þ Often
Þ Sometimes
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Hypotheses (or assumptions)
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What do you expect?
Will social media use have positive effect on knowledge sharing?
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Benefits
The more benefits outweigh the costs of social media use, the more people use social media actively
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Information
The more people use social media, measured by the activity and number of contacts, the more often people find information
(only: reading LinkedIn updates & co-worker contacts on LinkedIn)
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Finding experts
The more people use social media, measured by the activity and number of contacts, the more often people find experts
(only: co-worker contacts on LinkedIn)
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Weak ties
The more people use social media, measured by contact intensity, the more knowledge is being shared with weak ties
(contacts with external professionals)
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Identification
The higher the identification with the organization, the less knowledge is being shared with weak ties
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Tacit information
The more people use social media, measured by content creation, the more tacit knowledge people share
(main effect ‘creating professional content’)
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Better knowledge worker
Improving transactive memory, sharing with weak ties, and sharing tacit knowledge, is positively related to performance as knowledge worker
(effects of Transactive Memory and Sharing Tacit Knowledge)
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So
Using social media is good for knowledge sharing. Now what?
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Fish where the fish are
Don’t ignore the professional media people use every day
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Benefits vs costs
Use of social media driven by making up balance
Decreasing time and trouble (costs) will encourage social media use
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How?
Make it easy!
Integrate social media on platform of organization
Support inexperienced people
Offer trainings
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Question
Are social media integrated on the platform of your organization? Any plans?
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Cherish your expertise
Want to bring knowledge to the workplace?
Do not first look to outside professionals, with help of social media
experts can be found inside the organization
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Increase tacit knowledge sharing
Stimulate people to share professional knowledge
for example through (micro) blogs
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Differences between generations
Take them into account
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Value all members, learn from each other
Babyboomers best knowledge workers
Digital natives good social media users
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Please use my data and share alike
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Discussion with a drink
Handouts at the exitFace-to-face will never die (also be social offline)Offer your expertise to a strangerStay in touch through LinkedIn or Yammer
How can you contribute to sharing knowledge using social media in the workplace?