POSITIVE TUBULAR ELECTRODES FOR LEAD ACID BATTERIES WITH 180 Ah Kg-
1, SPECIFIC CAPACITY
J. de Andrade*, P. R. Impinnisi, J. T. TortteliInstitute of Technology for Development –
LACTEC – PR, Brazil
*e-mail address: [email protected]
1. Objective
Feasibility of using nanostructured chemically
formed PbO2 on tubular electrodes.
Presentation Structure
• 2. Introduction
• 3. Results and Discussions
• 3.1 Coefficient of PAM Utilization for Different Previous Treatment• 3.2 Deep Discharge/Pulsed Charge Cycles
• 4. Conclusions
• 3.3 Potential vs SOC Curves During Pulsed Charge
2. IntroductionLead acid 30 - 40 Wh Kg-
1
Ni-MH 40 – 80 Wh Kg-1
Li-Ion 150 – 200 Wh Kg-1
M.S. Tabaatabaai, et. al., Journal of Power Sources, 158 (2006) 879-884.
Foam Grids
2. Introduction (continuation)
Chemically formed material pasted on conductive polyethylene bipolar plates.
H. Karami, et. al., Journal of Power Sources, 164 (2007) 896-
904.
Mini tubular electrodes with previously chemically formed active material. 100 Ah Kg-1 and more than 150 cycles.
M. Bervas, et. al., Journal of Power Sources, 173 (2007) 570-577.
2. Introduction (continuation)
Nanometric PbO2 chemically synthesized as active material for tubular electrodes.
A. Caballero, et. al., Journal of Power Sources, 113 (2003) 376.
A. Winsel, et. al., Journal of Power Sources, 30 (1990) 209-226.
3. Results and Discussions 3.1 Coefficient of PAM Utilization for Different Previous
Treatment
Figure 1.Electrode without previous treatment.
0 5 10 15 20 25
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
Cycle number
Sp
ecif
ic c
apac
ity
/ Ah
Kg
-1
Typical tubular electrodes
Maximum theoretical
Figure 2. 2h 2.0 M H2SO4 solution immersion, washed and dried.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
Typical tubular electrodes
Sp
ecif
ic c
apac
ity
/ Ah
Kg
-1 Maximum theoretical
Cycle number
3.1 – TEM images of the active material
Figure 3. Active material before electrode assembly.
Figure 4. Active material after previous treatment and cycles shown in Fig 2.
3.3 Deep Discharge/Pulsed Charge Cycles
ton = toff = 500 ms
I = 1C30 A
(2 h for theoretically complete charge)
180 Ah g-1
130 cycles
Figure 6. Deep discharge/pulsed charge cycles for PbO2 and electrodes.
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Sp
ecif
ic c
apac
ity
/ Ah
Kg
-1
Discharge number
3.4 Potential vs SOC Curves During Pulsed Charge
Figure 8. PbO electrode, ton = toff = 500 ms and I = 2C30.
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.20.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
State of chargeP
ote
nti
al v
s H
g/H
g2S
O4
/ V
Figure 7. Nanometric PbO2 electrode, ton = toff = 500 ms and I = 2C30.
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.20.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Po
ten
tial
vs
Hg
/Hg
2SO
4 / V
State of charge
PAM Electrical Resistance
D. Pavlov, Journal of Power Sources, 53 (1995) 9-21.
PAM 30 m2
g-1
4. Conclusions
• Positive tubular electrodes can be assembled with nanometric PbO2 if suitable methods are used to aggregate the particles.
• Stable capacity, until the number of cycles verified.
• Highly resistive electrodes.
• High utilization coefficient trough cycles.
• Necessity to evaluate the ‘active mass collecting layer’ in electrodes with previously chemically formed nanometric active material.
Acknowledgements
Financial support - Paranaense Energy Company – COPEL
Laboratory structure - Technology Institute for Development – LACTEC