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Polymer
large
molecules
atoms
Synthetic Macromolecules
Natural Macromolecules
thousand
types
Man-made
example
plasticsnature
proteins
nylon
Organic
fats
Carbohydrategiant
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ORGANIC MACROMOELCULES
Are giant molecules containing thousands of atoms
There are two types of macromolecules(polymer)
•Synthetic Macromolecules are man-madepolymer for example plastics, trylene and nylon
•Natural Macromolecules- They exist in nature
For example proteins, fats and carbohydrates
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At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to• define a monomer, polymer and the process of polymerisation
•describe macromolecules in terms of large molecules built from small units
• draw the structure of polymer from a given alkene eg Polyethene
• draw other types of polymer such as PVC Polystyrene and Teflon
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MACROMOLECULES
ADDITION
POLYMERISATION
CONDENSATION
POLYMERISATION
SYNTHETIC
POLYMER
NATURAL
POLYMER
USES USES USES
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POLYMERISATION
MONOMERS
MACROMOLECULE
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Polymerisation is the process of joining together a large number of small molecules in a form of a chain
A Monomer is the small molecules which is one link of the chain of the molecules
A polymer is the long chain of molecules
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Addition polymerisation is a process whereby monomers of the same kind link to form a long chain molecules without any gain or loss of material
C C=H
H
H
HC CH
H
H
H
Ethene -double bond breaks up, two single bonds are available for bonding with other ethene molecules
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C CH
H
H
HC CH
H
H
HC CH
H
H
HC CH
H
H
H
C CH
H
H
HC CH
H
H
HC CH
H
H
HC CH
H
H
H
These units link up to form POLYETHENE
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1. Plastics bags, sheets, film
2. Plastics bottles, buckets, containers
3. Insulating covering for telephone cables
1. Light, easily moulded
2. Non-electric conductor
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PolyVinylChloride PVC
C C=H
H
H
Cl
C C=
C C=H
H
H
ClC C=H
H
H
Cl
--->Double bond open up
Monomer
Vinyl Chloride
Monochloroethene
C CH
H
H
ClC CH
H
H
ClC CH
H
H
ClC CH
H
H
Cl
PolyVinylChloride PVC
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1. Making water pipes
2. Insulating material
3. Waterproof materials eg raincoat
1. Prevent rust
2. Non-electric conductor
3. Waterproof
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POLYSTYRENE
C C=H
H
H
C6H5
C C= --->Double bond open up
Monomer
Styrene
POLYSTYRENE
C C=H
H
H
C6H5
C C=H
H
H
C6H5
C CH
H
H
C6H5
C CH
H
H
C6H5
C CH
H
H
C6H5
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1. Making medicine bottles
2. Making foams used in ceiling tiles and packaging
1. Light, unbreakable
2. Heat insulator, protect fragile apparatus
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TEFLON
C C=F
F
F
F
C C= --->Double bond open up
Monomer
Tetrafluoroethene
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHENE PTFE
C C=F
F
F
FC C=F
F
F
F
C CF
F
F
FC CF
F
F
FC CF
F
F
FC CF
F
F
F
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1. Non-stick saucepans
2. As lubricant
1. Non-stick surface, not affected by heat
2. Slippery surface
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Condensation polymerisation is a process two or more different types of monomers link to form a long chain polymer with elimination a small molecule such as water
The monomers are Di-carboxylic and ethane 1, 2 diol
H C6H4CO
O HC
O
O + C2H4 O HOH
Di-Carboxylic acid Ethane 1,2 diol
H2O
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C2H4OCO
C6H4C
O
O C6H4CO
OC
O
O
Ester Linkage
TERYLENE
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H C6H4NN
HN
HH C6H4
CO
O HCO
O
NYLON
1, 6 Hexane diamine 1, 6 Hexane dioic acid
C6H4CO
C
O
C6H4NH
N
HC6H4
CN
N
H
H2O
Amide Linkage
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Terylene
1. As fibres for manufacture of clothing
2. Car safety belt
3. Yatch sails, climbing ropes
1. Dry rapidly, long lasting
2. Strong
3. Non-rotting
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Nylon
1. As fibres for use in ropes, stockings, shirts and other clothing
2. Replace steel parts in machines eg wheel bearing
1. Strong, light, great tensile strength
2. Smooth, hard and strong