Download - Photography History
Photography HistoryPhotography History
Two vital element in PhotographyTwo vital element in Photography
Question#1Question#1
Optical: Lenses captures lightOptical: Lenses captures light
Chemicals: Allowed Chemicals: Allowed photographers to photographers to process their process their negatives and printsnegatives and prints
Camera ObscuraCamera Obscura
Question# 2Question# 2 Latin for dark room.Latin for dark room. People using this technology. People using this technology.
Aristotle (c. 300 BC).Aristotle (c. 300 BC). Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). The Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). The camera obscura
((Lat. dark chamberdark chamber) ) Arabian scholar Hassan ibn Hassan in the 10th Arabian scholar Hassan ibn Hassan in the 10th
century century Later another device that will aid in drawing will Later another device that will aid in drawing will
be developed in the 1800’s call the be developed in the 1800’s call the Camera Lucida
Optical device used in Optical device used in drawing, drawing,
Contributed toward Contributed toward the invention of the invention of photography..
Photographic devices Photographic devices today are still known today are still known as "as "cameras".".
Camera ObscuraCamera Obscura
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
1816-1818, experiments 1816-1818, experiments combining Camera Obscura combining Camera Obscura with light-sensitive paper, with light-sensitive paper, failuresfailures
Found that Silver Nitrate and Found that Silver Nitrate and Silver Chloride would turn Silver Chloride would turn black when struck by light. black when struck by light.
1818, image fixed for 3 months 1818, image fixed for 3 months He ran out of money and in He ran out of money and in
poor health.poor health. He stopped short of producing He stopped short of producing
a permanent image.a permanent image.
William Henry Fox Talbot William Henry Fox Talbot
Question#3Question#3 Title: Title:
William Henry Fox Talbot. . (1800-1877)(1800-1877)
In England, Talbot In England, Talbot creates creates permanent (negative) permanent (negative) imagesimages using paper using paper soaked in silver chloride soaked in silver chloride and fixed with a salt and fixed with a salt solution.solution.
Perfected the Calotype Perfected the Calotype processprocess
Calotype ProcessCalotype Process
1.1. photogenic drawingphotogenic drawing
2.2. First to produce a First to produce a negative image.negative image.
3.3. not as bright or as not as bright or as detailed as detailed as daguerreotypedaguerreotype
4.4. multiple copies could multiple copies could be madebe made
5.5. Image quality is a little Image quality is a little soft and unsharpsoft and unsharp
Louis JacquesLouis JacquesMande Daguerre Mande Daguerre (pronounced Dagair)(pronounced Dagair)
Title: Title: Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre. (1787-1851). (1787-1851)
dioramas (Diorama)dioramas (Diorama) interest in lensesinterest in lenses 1829: after several years of 1829: after several years of
back and forth, Niépce and back and forth, Niépce and Daguerre team up.Daguerre team up.
1833: Niépce dies, penniless.1833: Niépce dies, penniless. Daguerre first to make a Daguerre first to make a
positive image as mercury positive image as mercury vapor was used to produce an vapor was used to produce an image formed on a silver image formed on a silver coated coated copper sheetcopper sheet made made sensitive to lightsensitive to light
Question # 4Question # 4
DaguerreotypeDaguerreotype Process Process
Mirrorlike surface, Mirrorlike surface, negative from certain negative from certain angles delicate, in thick angles delicate, in thick glassglass
No multiple printsNo multiple prints Could not capture motionCould not capture motion 5-40 minute exposure 5-40 minute exposure
timetime Initially, not practical for Initially, not practical for
portraitsportraits
Early PhotographyEarly Photography
Question #5Question #5
Early Photography Early Photography consisted mostly of consisted mostly of pictures of pictures of Famous Famous People and Out People and Out DoorsDoors
Frederick Scott Archer Frederick Scott Archer Collodion (wet plate) process Collodion (wet plate) process
Question#6Question#6
Frederick Scott Frederick Scott Archer invents Archer invents Collodion process Collodion process (but doesn’t patent)(but doesn’t patent)
Collodion ProcessCollodion Process
This process replaces Daguerrotype This process replaces Daguerrotype The definite advantage was that the The definite advantage was that the
collodion plate had a depth of detail and collodion plate had a depth of detail and sharpness unprecedented exposed and sharpness unprecedented exposed and developed inside the camera. developed inside the camera.
reduced exposure time to just a few reduced exposure time to just a few secondsseconds
brought portraiture to the people (tintype)brought portraiture to the people (tintype)
REVIEWREVIEW People just coveredPeople just covered
DaVinci DaVinci - lenses- lenses Niepce Niepce - chemical- chemical Talbot Talbot - Calotype process- Calotype process Daguerre Daguerre - Daguerreotype process- Daguerreotype process Morse Morse - most famous Daguerrotypist- most famous Daguerrotypist Archer Archer - Collodion process- Collodion process
Process just coveredProcess just covered• Calotype Calotype – perfected by Talbot– perfected by Talbot• Daguerretype Daguerretype – developed by Daguerre– developed by Daguerre• Collodion Collodion – developed by Archer– developed by Archer
Matthew Brady Matthew Brady
Question #7Question #7 Title: Title: Mathew Brady, ,
1875 1875 taught by Samuel Morsetaught by Samuel Morse had portrait studios in had portrait studios in
New York and New York and Washington DCWashington DC
portrait photographers’ portrait photographers’ pictures of soldierspictures of soldiers
1862, closed studios, 1862, closed studios, went to photograph the went to photograph the Civil WarCivil War
Matthew Brady Matthew Brady
Title: First Battle of Bull Run, Title: First Battle of Bull Run, 18611861
was probably one of the was probably one of the greatest of photographic greatest of photographic documentary photographers documentary photographers
by end of Civil War, his team by end of Civil War, his team had taken over 7000 had taken over 7000 negatives negatives
didn’t ignore harsh realitydidn’t ignore harsh reality public wasn’t ready for stark public wasn’t ready for stark
brutality of imagesbrutality of images
Darkroom of the Civil WarDarkroom of the Civil War
Question #8Question #8 The Civil War The Civil War
Darkroom was a Darkroom was a Covered WagonCovered Wagon
Very mobile Very mobile Used by Used by
BradyBrady GardnerGardner O’SullivanO’Sullivan W.H. JacksonW.H. Jackson
Photography more than a portraitPhotography more than a portrait
Question # 9Question # 9- William Henry Jackson - William Henry Jackson
photographed the frontierphotographed the frontier
http://www.andrewsmithgallery.com/exhibitions/whjackson/index.htm
Yellowstone ParkYellowstone Park Helped to create Helped to create
Yellowstone as a park Yellowstone as a park once viewed by Congressonce viewed by Congress
What was just coveredWhat was just covered
Photography came out of the studioPhotography came out of the studio Real life pictures were documenting Real life pictures were documenting
current eventscurrent events Photography persuades public opinionPhotography persuades public opinion
Joseph MuybridgeJoseph Muybridge
1871 Invention of the 1871 Invention of the moveable shuttermoveable shutter
Had a bet with Leyland Had a bet with Leyland Stanford that a horse in full Stanford that a horse in full stride did not have all four feet stride did not have all four feet off the ground.off the ground.
In 1878 Muybridge proved the In 1878 Muybridge proved the horse bunched the legs under horse bunched the legs under it belly at full stride.it belly at full stride.
The techniques eventually lead The techniques eventually lead to motion pictures.to motion pictures.
Horse RunningHorse Running
Question # 10Question # 10
Click here to see horse video.
George Eastman George Eastman
Question # 11Question # 11
Title: A 1954 U.S. stamp Title: A 1954 U.S. stamp featuring featuring George Eastman. 1888. 1888
Photo paper could be Photo paper could be purchased instead of purchased instead of made by hand.made by hand.
$25 camera. $10 have $25 camera. $10 have photos developed.photos developed.
Kodak #1 camera,Kodak #1 camera,
Question # 12Question # 12 Photo taken with Photo taken with
Kodak #1 camera, Kodak #1 camera, 18901890
Took 100 photosTook 100 photos The entire camera The entire camera
was sent back to was sent back to Kodak for developingKodak for developing
By the end of the By the end of the century camera clubs century camera clubs were flourishingwere flourishing
What we just coveredWhat we just covered
Photography was capable caputuring Photography was capable caputuring multiple imagesmultiple images
Kodak put cameras in the hands of Kodak put cameras in the hands of common peoplecommon people
““Snapshot” clubs developedSnapshot” clubs developed
Alfred StieglitsAlfred Stieglits
Question # 13Question # 13 Top: self-portrait of Top: self-portrait of
Alfred StieglitsAlfred Stieglits Bottom: everyday lifeBottom: everyday life Stieglits produced Stieglits produced
emotional glimpses of emotional glimpses of everyday life.everyday life.
““Documentary” Documentary” Photography bornPhotography born
Champion of Champion of • ““Straight Photography”Straight Photography”
Photo as a means of expressionPhoto as a means of expression
Question # 14Question # 14 Light meter invented 1930Light meter invented 1930 Half-tone processHalf-tone process created and used in the mass created and used in the mass
production of books and magazinesproduction of books and magazines History has now become visual as well as verbal.History has now become visual as well as verbal.
Question # 15Question # 15 Life MagazineLife Magazine is the birth of “Photojournalism”. is the birth of “Photojournalism”. Vogue MagazineVogue Magazine used the camera as a platform for used the camera as a platform for
fashion.fashion.
What we just coveredWhat we just covered
Everyday life is photographedEveryday life is photographed Documentary photography is developedDocumentary photography is developed The light meter was developedThe light meter was developed Mass production of photos is capable due Mass production of photos is capable due
to the half-tone processto the half-tone process Life and Vogue magazine have photos as Life and Vogue magazine have photos as
their magazine foundation.their magazine foundation.
Ansel AdamsAnsel Adams
Question # 16Question # 16 Title: Title:
Ansel Adams,Ansel Adams, El Capitan, Winter El Capitan, Winter
Ansel Adams and Fred Ansel Adams and Fred Archer are credited with Archer are credited with creating the creating the zone system
Adams is primarily Adams is primarily associated with Yosemite associated with Yosemite Valley, Ca. imagery.Valley, Ca. imagery.
Diane ArbusDiane Arbus
Question # 17Question # 17
She took her camera She took her camera places where people places where people we afraid to go.we afraid to go.
Mental hospitalsMental hospitals Physical deformitiesPhysical deformities
The Big Picture of PhotographyThe Big Picture of Photography Expression of art as well as scienceExpression of art as well as science Portraits - TalbotPortraits - Talbot Document history – BradyDocument history – Brady Motion pictures developed out of photography - HorseMotion pictures developed out of photography - Horse Kodak put the camera in the hands of all - EastmanKodak put the camera in the hands of all - Eastman Everyday life documented - StieglitzEveryday life documented - Stieglitz Books/Magazines used photography for their Books/Magazines used photography for their
products/beliefs - Life/Vogueproducts/beliefs - Life/Vogue Landscape was explored – Ansel AdamsLandscape was explored – Ansel Adams The physical surroundings were invistigated both human The physical surroundings were invistigated both human
and natural – Diane Arbusand natural – Diane Arbus