Download - PETE 411 Well Drilling
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PETE 411Well Drilling
Lesson 34
Horizontal Drilling
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Horizontal Drilling
Why Drill Horizontal Wells? Relative Production Rates Relative Costs Types of Horizontal Wells Drilling Problems & Solutions How Popular is Horizontal Drilling? Examples
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Why Drill Horizontal Wells?
Increase Reserves
Increase Production Rates
Control Water Production
Control Gas Production
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Why Drill Horizontal Wells?
Produce From Thin Reservoirs
Connect Vertical Fractures Produce Methane from Coal Seams
Increase Injectivity - (steam, water, polymers, etc.)
Control Sand Production
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Production RatesOryx - Austin Chalk
Vertical Horizontal Horizontal/Vertical Well Well Production Ratio B/D B/D 12 507 42
15 215 14
5 107 21
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Production Rates
Drilled 7 wells from 1986 to 1989.Drilled ~ 85 wells in 1990
Vertical Well Drilling Cost: 235 $/ftHorizontal Well Drilling Cost: 520-282 $/ftCost Ratio: 2.2-1.2
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Drilling CostsAustin Chalk (1993)
Vertical well ~ $500,000Recompletion as Horizontal Well ~ $375,000New Horizontal Well ~
$1,000,000-2,000,000~ $100+/ft to
$150/ft{these numbers are rough estimates only}
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Rospo Mare - Italy
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Prudhoe Bay
Vertical Well: 3000 - 4000 B/DHorizontal Well: 10,000 - 12,000 B/DProduction Ratio: 3 - 4Vertical Well: 235 $/ftHorizontal Well: 520 - 282 $/ftCost Ratio: 2.2-1.2
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Long Radius (~1,000-3,000 ft) {~2-6 deg/100 ft}
Medium Radius (140~700 ft) {~8-40 deg/100 ft}
Short Radius (~20-40 ft) {~1.5-3 deg/ft}
<1,000 ft ~5,000 ft ~8,000 ft
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New Drilling Technology
Measurement While Drilling (MWD)Directional Surverying and ControlIndentification of Markers (identify zones)
Top DriveDrill with 90-ft stands instead of 30-ft jointsCirculate while pulling drillpipe out of holeRotate drillpipe while pulling out of hole
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New Drilling Technology
Mud MotorsDrill without rotating pipeChange hole direction while
drillingSteerable systems
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Potential Problems in Horizontal Drilling
• Running equipment in and out of hole• drillstring, casing, cables
• Preventing/Remedying differential sticking
• Excessive torque
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Potential Problems in Horizontal Drilling
• Cleaning the hole and preventing cuttings from settling along the hole bottom
• Controlling weight on bit to achieve and maintain directional control
• Cementing casing or liner
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Summary
• Horizontal wells may produce at 3-5 times the rate of vertical wells in the same area(… as much as 20 times higher in special
cases).
• Horizontal wells typically cost 1.5-3 times as much as vertical wells in the same area.
• Horizontal wells are often very attractive in formations with extensive vertical fractures.
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Summary
• The use of horizontal wells has been growing - worldwide.
• Horizontal wells has increased our recoverable reserves.
• In the U.S. one rig in ten is drilling horizontal wells. (1994) (1998)
• Today ~ one rig in fifteen is drilling horizontal wells. (2002)
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Long - Radius Wells
• Used for achieving large horizontal displacements from platforms or drilling pads• Used for achieving very long horizontal sections
(to 6,000 ft +)
Build Rate: ~ 2-6 degrees/100 ftBuild Radius: ~ 1,000-3,000 ftLength of Horiz. Section: 1,000 - 8,000 ft (1995)
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Method:
• Use conventional directional drilling technology
• Use rigid bottom hole assemblies, motors & bent subs, stabilizers
• or Use Navigation drilling systems with “steerable” drilling motors
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Medium - Radius Wells
Build Rate: ~ 8 - 20 degrees/100 ft (up to 40 deg/100 ft in some
cases)
Build Radius: ~ 300 - 700 ft
Length of Horiz. Section: 1,000-6,000 ft
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Method:
• Use modified long-radius drilling technology• Use different motors for Angle Build and
Angle Hold sections.• Use a “Tangent Section” between the two
build sections• Use compressive service drillpipe through
the curve if Build Rate > 15 deg./100 ft.(CS drillpipe has integral wear knots
every ~ 10 ft)
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Short-Radius Wells
Build Rate: ~ 1 - 3 degrees/ft
Build Radius: ~ 20 - 40 ft
Length of Horiz. Section: 200 - 1,000 ft
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Method:
Two downhole motor designs are available Drill vertical “rathole” to identify horizon Build angle with special curve-drilling
assembly with a non-rotating shell that gives curvature to the tool
After building angle to horizontal, use a special angle-hold assembly: this consists of two undergauge stabilizers behind the bit, and flexible drillpipe.
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Horizontal Well Pair
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Horizontal Well Pair
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Vertical Injection Wells and Horizontal Production Well
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