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Origin- fixed point of attachment; for biceps brachii O= clavicle and humerus
Insertion- moveable, usually crosses a joint; O= radius
Prime mover- - muscle group responsible for producing particular movement
Antagonist- works opposite of prime mover
Synergist-reduces undesirable or unnecessary movementContraction of a muscle crossing 2 or more joints would cause movement of all if synergists weren’t there to stabilize itEx. make a fist without bending wrist
Fixator- specialized synergist- helps maintain posture; ex. muscles of the back fix scapula
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Lever systems:• lever - rod that moves at the fulcrum (fixed
point) • fulcrum (F) typically the joint moving • Resistance (R)- gravity pulling on body • Effort (E)- muscle contraction • Movement occurs when E > R
1. First class levers - E F R 2. Second class levers - F R E 3. Third class levers - F E R . . (most common)
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1st class lever 2nd class lever 3rd class lever
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biceps(flexor)biceps(flexor)
biceps(flexor)biceps(flexor)
triceps(extensor)
triceps(extensor)
triceps(extensor)
triceps(extensor)
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• Direction of muscle fibers- straight, transverse• Size of muscles- maximus, minimus, longus, brevis• Location- frontalis, temporalis, occipitalis• # of origins- biceps, triceps, quadriceps • location of muscles origin and insertion- sternoclediomastoid- O= sternum and clavicle, I = mastoid process of temporal bone• shape of muscle- deltoid- triangle shape, trapezius- trapezoid shape• action of muscle- adductor muscle (adducts, brings in thigh)
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Sternoclediomastoid
Frontal
Temporalis
MasseterObicularis orisObicularis oculi
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Frontalis
Orbicularis oris
Orbicularis oculi
Masseter
sternocledeomastoid
zygomaticus
aponerosa
temporalis
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