SYMBIOSIS: I GET BY WITH A
LITTLE HELP FROM MY FRIENDS….
OBJECTIVE: Identify Different
Interactions among species
SYMBIOSIS DEFINITIONS Niche: Full range of physical and
biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way the organism uses those conditions.
SYMBIOSIS DEFINITIONS A Niche Includes:
Food: What the organism eats, how it’s obtained, where is it on the food web? What eats it?
Abiotic Conditions: Non-living things needed to survive (sun, temperature, water, salt water, fresh water, heat, protection, etc.)
Behavior: When and how it reproduces, mating rituals, hibernation, defense mechanisms, different parts of the tree
SYMBIOSIS DEFINITIONS Competition: When organisms attempt
to use an ecological resource at the same time in the same place.
SYMBIOSIS DEFINITIONS Competitive Exclusion Principle: Two
species competing for the same resources cannot coexist if other ecological factors are constant.When one species has even the slightest
advantage or edge over another, the one with the advantage will dominate in the long term.
Behavioral shift, or evolutional shift to a different niche.
SYMBIOSIS DEFINITIONS SYMBIOSIS is the interaction between 2
different organisms living together
HOST- usually the LARGER of the 2 organismsSYMBIONT- usually the SMALLER member
MUTUALISM Is a relationship between the
host and a symbiont, where both organisms benefit and neither is harmed.
The relationship can be long or short term.
For example, the host flower benefits by being pollinated by the traveling butterfly. The symbiont butterfly benefits from the nectar that it extracts from the flower.
COMMENSALISM Is a relationship between the
host and symbiont, where the symbiont benefits and the host is neither helped nor harmed.
The symbiont benefits by receiving transportation, housing, and/or nutrition.
For example, barnacles receive transportation from the host whale. The host whale is neither helped nor harmed by the barnacles.
PARASITISM Is a relationship where the
Symbiont lives in/on the Host The Symbiont (or Parasite)
BENEFITS The Host is HARMED For example, the tick in the
picture above is a parasite. It benefits by extracting blood from its human host. The human is harmed because
SYMBIOSIS IN NATURE Write the partner, what happens in the
relationship, and then identify the relationship asParasitism,Mutualism, orCommensalism
WHALE AND THE…
Barnacles attach themselves to whales and filter feed as whales swim through the water.
BARNACLE
This is an example of: COMMENSALISM
RHINOCEROS AND THE…
Oxpeckers eat ticks on the rhinoceros’s back.
OXPECKER
This is an example of: MUTUALISM
MARIBOU STORK AND THE…
Stork cuts up dead animals that it eats with its beak. Bees lay eggs on the carcasses that provide food for the eggs.
BEE
This is an example of: COMMENSALISM
GAZELLE AND THE…
Feed next to each other and warn each other when predators come.
OSTRICH
This is an example of: MUTUALISM
BISON AND THE…
Cowbird follows the bison and eats the insects in the grass.
COWBIRD
This is an example of: COMMENSALISM
BLACK SEA BASS AND THE…
Wrasse fish eats parasites on black sea bass.
WRASSE FISH
This is an example of: MUTUALISM
SHARK AND THE…
Attaches to shark and eats scraps from the shark’s meal.
REMORA
This is an example of: COMMENSALISM
SPRUCE TREE AND THE…
Mistletoe grows on spruce trees and uses its water and nutrients.
MISTLETOE
This is an example of: PARASITISM
YUCCA MOTH AND THE…
Yucca moth pollinates yucca plant and lays its eggs on the flower.
YUCCA
This is an example of: MUTUALISM
WARBLER AND THE…
Attaches to shark and eats scraps from the shark’s meal.
CUCKOO
This is an example of: PARASITISMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dAU5MTXmAPY
http://www.arkive.org/cuckoo/cuculus-canorus/video-09c.html
BADGER AND THE…
Attaches to shark and eats scraps from the shark’s meal.
HONEYGUIDE BIRD
This is an example of: MUTUALISM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D544WoTj5qI
NILE CROCKODILE AND THE…
Plovers clean the teeth of the crocodile without danger.
PLOVER
This is an example of: MUTUALISM