objective: identify different interactions among speciesinteractions
TRANSCRIPT
SHAPING AN ECOSYSTEM: “I
GET BY WITH A LITTLE HELP FROM
MY FRIENDS….”
OBJECTIVE: Identify Different
Interactions among species
PARTS OF AN ECOSYSTEMAn Ecosystem is made of BIOTIC and ABIOTIC parts
BIOTIC components are the living parts of the ecosystem
Examples are:
• Plants
• Animals
• Fungi
• Bacteria
PARTS OF AN ECOSYSTEMAn Ecosystem is made of BIOTIC and ABIOTIC Components
ABIOTIC components are the NON-living parts of the ecosystem
Examples are:
• Water
• Air
• Temperature
• Sunlight
NICHE Full range of physical and biological
conditions in which an organism lives and the way the organism uses those conditions.
SYMBIOSIS DEFINITIONS A Niche Includes:
Food: What it eats and how it’s obtained, where is it on the food web? What eats it?
Abiotic Conditions: Non-living things needed to survive (sun, temperature, water, salt water, fresh water, heat, protection, etc.)
Behavior: When and how it reproduces, mating rituals, hibernation, defense mechanisms, interactions with others
TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS Competition: When organisms
attempt to use an ecological resource at the same time in the same place.
WHAT IS THE COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE?
NO TWO SPECIES CAN HAVE THE SAME NICHE AT THE SAME TIME
SYMBIOSIS DEFINITIONS SYMBIOSIS is the interaction between 2
different organisms living together
HOST- usually the LARGER of the 2 organismsSYMBIONT- usually the SMALLER member
MUTUALISM Is a relationship where both
species benefit For example, the the bee
feeding on the nectar helps to pollinate other flowers
COMMENSALISM Is a relationship between the host
and symbiont, where the symbiont benefits and the host is neither helped nor harmed.
The symbiont benefits by receiving transportation, housing, and/or nutrition.
For example, barnacles receive transportation from the host whale. The host whale is neither helped nor harmed by the barnacles.
PARASITISM Is a relationship where the
Symbiont lives in/on the Host The Symbiont (or Parasite)
BENEFITS The Host is HARMED For example, the tick in the
picture above is a parasite. It benefits by extracting blood from its human host. The human is harmed because
SYMBIOSIS IN NATURE Write the partner, what happens in the
relationship, and then identify the relationship asParasitism,Mutualism, orCommensalism
RHINOCEROS AND THE…
Oxpeckers eat ticks on the rhinoceros’s back.
OXPECKER
This is an example of: MUTUALISM
MARIBOU STORK AND THE…
Stork cuts up dead animals that it eats with its beak. Bees lay eggs on the carcasses that provide food for the eggs.
BEE
This is an example of: COMMENSALISM
GAZELLE AND THE…
Feed next to each other and warn each other when predators come.
OSTRICH
This is an example of: MUTUALISM
BISON AND THE…
Cowbird follows the bison and eats the insects in the grass.
COWBIRD
This is an example of: COMMENSALISM
BLACK SEA BASS AND THE…
Wrasse fish eats parasites on black sea bass.
WRASSE FISH
This is an example of: MUTUALISM
SHARK AND THE…
Attaches to shark and eats scraps from the shark’s meal.
REMORA
This is an example of: COMMENSALISM
SPRUCE TREE AND THE…
Mistletoe grows on spruce trees and uses its water and nutrients.
MISTLETOE
This is an example of: PARASITISM
YUCCA MOTH AND THE…
Yucca moth pollinates yucca plant and lays its eggs on the flower.
YUCCA
This is an example of: MUTUALISM
WARBLER AND THE…
The cuckoo lays its egg in the Warbler’s nest and forces warblers to raise chick
CUCKOO
This is an example of: PARASITISM
HONEY BADGER AND THE…
. Bird shows badger where beehive is; badger breaks open hive and both eat honey
HONEYGUIDE BIRD
This is an example of: MUTUALISM