Nziku, Z.C.; Asheim, L.J.; Mwaseba, D. ; EIK, L.O. and Kifaro, G.
Agricultural production systems in Mgeta, Mvomero District of
Tanzania
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SYNOPSISSYNOPSISIntro: Mgeta and study justification
Challenges and questions
Objective
Methods
Mapping production systems in Mgeta
Conclusion and further work
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Located on the western side of the Uluguru mountains, 60km from Morogoro town
High altitude 1100-1900m with relatively cool weather
Rain: Sept.-May-270d, dry:Jun.-Aug.95d
About 84% of work force depend on small farming
Agriculture is largely market driven
A wide range of horticultural crops and fruits
Introduction: About Mgeta Introduction: About Mgeta
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Manual field work in very steep slopes
Vegetables - livestock integration (25yrs for DGTs)
Adapted to rain and dry season cycles
NDGTs & crosses-predominant breed
Local goats are mainly for upgrading
>1500 NDGTs and crosses in 2003 (Tchenzema and Nyandira)
Some pigs and poultry also common
Introduction: Mgeta agric.. Introduction: Mgeta agric..
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No possibility for land expansion due to:
Water catchment area for Morogoro and other lowland areas
Important forest reserve area
Steep slopes require investments
Risk of erosion in steep slopes
Need for more permanent vegetation
Intro. Study justificationIntro. Study justification
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ChallengesChallenges
o Climate change awareness, o increased population, o intensive production systems, o competition for water with other areas,o poverty and malnutrition. All these might work together in Mgeta!
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How to cope with the present situation in the best possible way?
Can integrated dairy goat systems become viable economically and environmentally?
This study aimed at developing a model of such integrated systems
We start by a questionnary to farmers regarding economic and environmental constraints
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Questions and objectiveQuestions and objective
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Methods: Study area mapMethods: Study area map
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Purposive sampling technique used
A structured questionnaire developed and used
GPS was used to find plot size
Amount and cost of crop input and output according to plot and season quantified
Revenue from harvest by plot season investigated
Mineral fertilizer, manure and spray use counted
Working h for each crop estimated
Working h livestock management estimated
MethodsMethods
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Multipurpose trees, crop residue use enumerated
Animal feeding design, inputs, h required, outputs (milk, live animals and meat) quantified
MethodsMethods
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Common with > two plots, 0.5 acres
Walking time is 0.20, 0.23 and 1.16 h to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd plots
Hand hoe used in field work
The MPPT are mainly found around home
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Results: Plot characteristicsResults: Plot characteristics
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In addition to mixed cropping, farmers keep NDGTs, pigs and poultry
Some traditional irrigation is taking place
Intercropping common e.g. beans & maize
Only 32% of the respondent use crop residues for livestock
Use of inputs per plot (0.5acre) per season
370kg manure
20kg mineral fertilizers
1.12kg spray
Mapping Crop productionMapping Crop production
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Amount of crop seeds (kg) per 0.5 acre
Cost of inputs (TSH) per 0.5 acre
Crop yields (kg) per 0.5 acre
Mapping Crop input, cost & harvestMapping Crop input, cost & harvest
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Maize Beans G.peas Cabbage Tomatoes Potatoes Others
Rain 7 13 9 0.04 0.07 223 83
Dry 4 9 9 0.03 0.05 185 43
Maize BeansG.
peasCabbag
eTomatoe
sPotatoe
sOthers
Manure
Fertilizer
Spray LabourIrrigatio
nTerracin
g
Rain 97262387
136133 38633 36040 73750 9500 21667 27118 23575 26228 500 500
Dry 38751850
324378 45000 24883 20275 24833 21667 36516 21673 31819 1000 500
Maize
Beans G. peas Cabbage TomatoesPotatoe
sOthers
Rain 209 166 422 2148 1759 1939 56
Dry 335 196 213 960 2096 3625 36
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Av. head size: 5, 4 & 3 for DGTs, MGTs and Pigs
Tethering (DGT, MGT), indoor (DGT, MGT &Pigs) and scavenging (Poultry)
On av. 1 L milk/milking per day from one DGT(300days LL)
NDGTs and by-products market price
Raw milk sold at 1000/L
Yoghurt at 2000/L
Live F kid at 150,000TZS three months age
Live M kid at < 150,000TZS three months age
Mapping Livestock production:Mapping Livestock production:
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Opportunities for increased milk from DGT
Improved marketing for milk and milk products
More milk added values
More MPPTs and improved fodders
More concentrates
Good policy in favour of DGTs
Capacity building to extension agents & farmers
Farmers involvement in DGTs breeding programs
Mapping Livestock productionMapping Livestock production
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Common fruit trees around home field:
Plums (Prunus spp)
Peaches (Prunus persica)
Pears (Pyrus spp)
Apples (Malus spp)
Banana (Musa spp)
Trees and grasses at borders and communal land
Mulberry (morus spp) (goats feeding)
Leucaena spp – (goats feeding)
Pennisetum spp –(Grass for feeding)
MPPTs and GrassMPPTs and Grass
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Livestock inputs and revenueLivestock inputs and revenue
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Amount of inputs kg per Year
Animal specie Concentrates Drugs
Dairy goats 693 27
Meat goats 297 12
Pigs 2252 11
Animal specie Cost of inputs TZS Per Year
Concentrates Drugs Others TotalDairy goats 172413 14423 8991 195827Meat goats 73891 6181 3853 83925Pigs 600939 7792 7663 616394
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Hours required for cropping per season per 0.5 acre
Hours required for livestock per animal/year
Labour requirementLabour requirement
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Land Prep.Plantin
gWeeding
Fertilizer
Pesticides
IrrigateHarves
tTranspo
rt TotalRain 75 21 32 11 13 18 25 7 202Dry 72 37 33 13 13 34 23 6 231
Feed prep. Feeding Herding Tethering Milking Cleaning
Total
Dairy goats 73 48 276 31 188 40 656Meat goats 31 21 118 13 0 17 200Pigs 100 67 0 0 0 39 206
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Crop-livestock is a potential system for improving the livelihood of people in Mgeta
Intensification of DGTs and more MPPT/grass can be an option for economically and environmentally friendly farming in the water catchment area
Further tasks: Parameter estimation for the model
Running the model
Findings may be used to examine the economic and environmental impacts of the production systems and develop policy measures for more C sequestration
Conclusion and further workConclusion and further work
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THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
THE END
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