Download - Nuclear Power Plant PPT
A presentation on STUDY OF NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION
2016-2017
PRESENTED TO: PRESENTED BY:MR. AJIT KUMAR JOSHI SHUBHAM VIJAYVARGIYAHOD (MECHANICAL DEPT.) FINAL YEAR (14EMBME203)
RAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER STATION,RAWATBHATA
UNIT 1 TO 6
By:-SHUBHAM VIJAYVARGIYAVII SEMESTER MECHANICAL
FLOW CHART OF ATOMIC ENERGY COMISSION IN INDIA
SAFETY FEATURESSITE CAPACITYURANIUMFISSION REACTION OF URANIUM-235WORKING AT RAPP SITEWASTE MANAGEMENT OF NUCLEAR WASTEIRRADIATION
CONTENT
FLOWCHART OF ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISION IN INDIA
DAE
BARC BRIT
UCILNFC HWB
NPCIL THESE UNITS ARE FURTHER GOVERNED BY ORGANISATION OF “ATOMIC ENERGY REGULATORY BOARD” (AERB)
RAPS
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS• Awareness of the risk at the
site• Move towards the nearest
safety location at the time of hazard
• Use safety helmets• Cover the nose with wet
cloth.
REACTOR SAFETY• Emergency reactor shut
down• High pressure safety
injection• Double layer concrete
reactor building that does not allow the radiation to exit the reactor building at the time of hazard
SAFETY FEATURES
Reactor Unit Capacity (Mw) Year
RAPS Unit I 100 1972
RAPS Unit II 200 1980
RAPS Unit III 235 1999
RAPS Unit IV 235 2000
RAPS Unit V 235 2010
RAPS Unit VI 235 2010
RAPP Unit VII 700 Under Construction
RAPP Unit VIII 700 Under Construction
POWER GENERATION AT RAPP
UNIT 5 of RAPS has made a world record of longest non-stop operating Nuclear Reactor without any shutdown with 765 day
Nuclear Fission:Heavy nuclei split into two smaller parts in order to
become more stable
FISSION REACTION
• URANIUM is a slightly radioactive metal that occurs throughout the earths crust.
• It is present in most rocks and soils as well as in many rivers and in sea water.
• Although uranium is about 100 times more common than silver, U-235 is relatively rare.
URANIUM
•Uranium mining and milling•Conversion and enrichment•Fuel rod fabrication•Power reactor•Reprocessing•Radioactive waste disposal
•Low level in commercial facilities•High level at plant or under ground repository
NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE
The fuel used in a PHWR type reactor is sintered natural uranium di-oxide in the form of small pellets. These pellets are kept in the zircalloy tubes and are 24 per tube. The tubes are known as pencils and 19 pencils make a complete fuel bundle. The pencils are held between end plates and zircalloy provide spacing between the tubes and zircalloy pads provide bearing action. This help mixing of the coolant flow with the sub channels between the elements.
FUEL FABRICATION
FUEL BUNDLE
COMPONENTS OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
1. Calandria 2. Control Rods 3. Fuelling Machine 8. Reactor
Building4. Heat Exchanger 9.Coolant Channel5. PHT Pump 10. Fuel Bundles6. Moderator Pump 11. Coolant
Tower7. Boiler (Steam Generator) 12. Turbine
What is a Nuclear Reactor ?
It is simply an apparatus in which heat isproduced due to nuclear fission chain reactionfor the generation of electricity.
PRESSURIZED HEAVY WATER REACTOR
• The Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) concept allows the use of natural uranium as a fuel without the need of enrichment.
• However ,it need the installation of a heavy water D2O production capabilities.
• Most of the worlds Nuclear Reactors are Heavy Water based.
1. REACTOR CORE ( Calandria)It consist of fuel elements, control rods, coolant,
moderator and pressure vessels. Cores generally have shapes of right circular cylinders with diameter ranging from .5 to 15 meters. Fuel rods made of uranium rods clod in thin sheath of stainless steel, zirconium or aluminum.
MAIN COMPONENTS
2. CONTROL RODSIt is made of heavy mass element such as Boron and cadmium ,
cobalt. It simply absorbs the neutron so that it can either maintain or stop a reaction.
In RAPS, cobalt is used as control rods. The used cobalt is then processed and enriched .The enriched cobalt is then used for different purposes such as cobalt therapy etc.
Its usage-1. For starting the reactor2. For maintaining at that level3. For shutting down the reactor at normal or emergency
conditions
3. MODERATORFunction:To slow down the neutron from high velocity and hence
high energy level which they have on beginning released from fission process so that probability of neutron to hit the fuel rods increases.
Type of Moderators :1. Water H2O.2. Heavy Water D2O.3. Graphite 4. Beryllium
Main properties:1. High slowing down
power2. Chemical and
Radiation stability3. High thermal stability
4. COOLANT
Function:Coolant is used to remove the intense heat from the produced in
the reactor and that heat can be transferred to water in separate vessel which is converted into steam and runs the turbine.
Most commonly used coolant is CO2. Characteristics:
1. Low melting point2. High boiling point3. Low viscosity4. Low toxicity5. Non corrosiveness
Power Generation Process
RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENTSPENT FUEL STORAGE POOL
COBALT FACILITYIt is a unit of Board of Radiation
and Isotope Technology (BRIT). Which uses the spent fuel and control rods to generate cobalt-60 to for various function such as cancer treatment and irradiation of food supplements.
In other words it helps in nuclear waste management. It deals with the low level radioactive waste .
THANK YOU