nuclear power ppt
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Nuclear Power
Three Mile Island, Harrisburg, PA
Limerick Power Plant,Boyertown, PA
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Can Power Plants Explode?
• Bomb-grade = highly-enriched(~85-90% U-235) • Nuclear Power Plant = only 3-5% U-235
Uranium Oxide Uranium Uranium dioxide (yellow cake) Hexafluoride (pellets)
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Nuclear Fusion
approximately 40 million Kelvins
Nuclear reaction in which two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nuclei.
This takes place in stars and allows them to burn.
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Nuclear Waste
WIPP Clip
Waste Clip #2
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Worldwide Nuclear Power Reactors
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World Nuclear Power Plants
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Nuclear Problems and Solutions
• Three Mile Island 1979– 50% core meltdown, stuck valve with no indicator, which
released water, but containment vessel held– More sensors added, better communication to experts in
Washington, don’t turn off emergency cooling• Chernobyl 1986
– turned off cooling system– Poor steam cooling reactor design allowed unstable steam
pocket to explode– Graphite caught fire– Design not used in other countries
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RADON
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PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RADON
- an odorless, tasteless, invisible gas that mixes with air.- chemically inert and essentially non-reactive.
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Worried?
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Radiation Measurement
A Geiger-Müller counter• detects the intensity of radiation• uses ions produced by radiation to
create an electrical current.
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Detecting Radiation
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Some Radioisotopes Used in Nuclear Medicine
PET SCAN
PET vs. CAT
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Source Dose (mrem)
Chest X-ray 10
5-hour plane flight 3
Live within 50 miles of coal-fired power plant for 1 year
.03
Live within 50 miles of a nuclear plant for 1 year
.009
US Average Annual Whole Body Radiation Dose
360
Radiation Dose Comparisons
Chemistry in Context, Chapter 7http://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/env/cosmic/en/index1.html
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Effect of Smoking on Radiation Dose•If you smoke, add about 280 mrem
(source does not specify # packs per day smoked)
• Tobacco contains Pb-210, which decays to Po-210.• Pb-210 deposits in bones.• Po-210 in liver, spleen, and kidneys
http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/rp/factsheets/factsheets-htm/fs10bkvsman.htm
http://web.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/osradtraining/backgroundradiation/background.htm
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Learning Check
Which of the following radioisotopes are most likely to be used in nuclear medicine?
1) 40K half-life 1.3 x 109 years2) 42K half-life 12 hours3) 131I half-life 8 days