November 2007 Volume 19, No. 16(C)
ntspaDg;gg;gl;L ,lh;fSf;F ntspg;gLj;jg;gLNthh;
rTjp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; ,yq;if tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd J\;gpuNahfq;fs;
I. rhuhk;rk; ............................................................................................................. 1
Kf;fpakhd ghpe;Jiufs; ......................................................................................................... 8
II. gpd;dzp .......................................................................................................... 10
,yq;ifapy; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; AtjpfsJ me;j];J ........................................................10 ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs;; njhopYf;fhf Gyk;ngaHtjw;fhd jPHkhdq;fSk; mjid
“epHg;ge;jpf;Fk; fhuzpfSk;”..................................................................................................13
kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F ,yq;ifg; ngz;fspd; njhopy; hPjpahd Gyk;ngaHT .....................17
III. Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; ngz;fs; ,yq;ifapy; vjpHnfhs;Sk; J;gpuNahfq;fs;
............................................................................................................................22
,yq;ifapd; xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l fl;liikg;G kw;Wk; Ml;NrHg;G eilKiw......... 22
Ml;NrHg;G fl;lzKiw kw;Wk; fld; nfhLg;gdTfs;.................................................... 27
Ml;NrHg;G kw;Wk; Ml;flj;Jjypy; Vkhw;Wjy; kw;Wk; jfty;fs; toq;fhik........... 39
Gwg;gLjYf;F Kd;djhd kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidAk; tYf;fl;lha fHg;gj;jilAk;.. 48
IV. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy;
J;gpuNahfq;fs; .................................................................................................... 54
Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik kw;Wk; Fiwe;j Ntjdk; ......................................................55
Ntjdr; Ruz;ly; ..................................................................................................................... 63
cly; kw;Wk; cs hPjpahd J;gpuNahfk; ............................................................................69
czT kWf;fg;gLjy; kw;Wk; Nghjpa trjpfsw;w tho;f;if epiyikfs; ................82
flTr;rPl;Lf;fis gwpKjy; nra;jy;> gyte;jkhfj; jLj;J............................................ 87
itj;jy; kw;Wk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l njhlHghly; trjpfs; .............................................. 87
tPL jpUk;Gjy; kPjhd jilfs; .......................................................................................... 93
fl;lha Ntiy ........................................................................................................................ 97
Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfspYs;s njhopy; KftHfshy; ................................................ 108
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; Ruz;ly; eilKiwfs; ...................................................................... 108
V. gaDWjpahd eptHj;jpfSf;F ghJfhg;G Kiwfspyhd jtWjy;fSk;
jilfSk;........................................................................................................... 115
rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; murhq;fj;jpd; flg;ghL.............................. 115
,U jug;G njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fs; .........................................................................................118
,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; gjpypWg;G .................................................................................... 120
Gwg;gLjYf;F Kd;dhd ghJfhg;G KiwfspYs;s jtWjy;fs;...........................121
,yq;iff;F kPs;jpUk;gpa gpd;dH ghjpg;gile;jtUf;fhd .......................................137
NritfspYs;s FiwghLfs; .......................................................................................137
rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs;........................................144
,uhr;rpak; Nghd;w Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfspd; gjpypWg;G............................................144
njhopy; rl;lq;fspypUe;J jtpHj;jik.........................................................................144
FbtuT rl;l xOq;F tpjpfs; ..................................................................................... 148
Kiwaplg;gl;l J;gpuNahfq;fis tprhhpj;jy; kw;Wk; tof;F njhLj;jy; ............. 151
VI. KbTiu kw;Wk; ghpe;Jiufs;.......................................................................155
VII. ed;wpAiu.................................................................................................... 166
1
I. rhuhk;rk;
mjpfhiy 3.30 kzpf;F ehd; gLf;iff;Fr; nrd;whYk; fhiy 5.30
kzpf;F ehd; vOk;g Ntz;Lk;.... es;spuT 1.00 kzptiu rpy
rkak; mjpfhiy 3.00 kzptiu njhlHr;rpahf vdf;F
Ntiy ,Uf;Fk;. xU jlit ehd; vdJ v[khdpaplk;
“cq;fisg; NghyNt ehDk; XH kD\p> vdf;F xU
kzpj;jpahykhtJ Xa;T Njit” vdf; $wpNdd;. mjw;F mtH
“ eP ,q;Nf Ntiy nra;a te;jpUf;fpwha;@ eP vdJ fhyzpfisg;
Nghd;wts;> Xa;tpy;yhky; eP ciof;f Ntz;Lk;”> vd vd;dplk; $wpdhH.
epiyikfs; Nkhrkile;jd. ehd; Ntiyia tpl;L tpyf
tpUk;Gtjhf v[khdpaplk; $wpNdd;. Mdhy; mtNuh vd;id
Kfthplk; mioj;Jr; nry;ytpy;iy...(mtuJ fztd;) “eP Nghfg; Nghfpd;whah> eP Nghfg; Nghfpd;whah?” vdf; Nfl;L vdJ jiykapiug; gpbj;J ,Oj;Jj; jd; iffshy; vd;id mbj;jhd;.
mtd; rikayiwf;Fs; nrd;W XH fj;jpia vLj;j te;J vd;idf;
nfhd;W rpW Jz;Lfshf ntl;b mtw;iw XH mYkhhpapy; Nghl;L
tplg;Nghtjhf kpul;bdhd;... ,e;j Ntisapy; mtHfs; vdf;F
ehd;F khj rk;gsg; ghf;fp NtW juNtz;bapUe;jJ......
,q;F NkYk; NkYk; mg;ghtpg; ngz;fs; ntspehL Nghfpd;wdH.
mj;Jld; Nghtjw;Fk; jpl;lkpl;bUf;fpd;wdH. ,J ngz;fs;
jq;fspd; ghJfhg;igj; jhq;fNs ifahsNtz;ba epiyf;F
Mshf;FfpwJ. ,yq;if murhq;fk; vq;fs; %yk;
ey;y ,yhgj;ij ngWfpwJ. vq;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F mtHfs;
$Ljy; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.
—Fkhhp ,e;Jepy;> 23 taJ> Fitj;jpy; gzpahw;wpa Kd;dhs;
tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz
jq;fSf;Fk;> jq;fs; FLk;gj;Jf;Fk; Mjutspf;f Ntz;ba JHg;ghf;fpa
epiyAlDk;> tPl;by; xU rpy gaDs;s topfisANk nfhz;l 125>000f;Fk;
mjpfkhd ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; xt;nthU tUlKk; tPl;Lg;gzpahsh;fshf
kj;jpa fpof;fpw;Fg; Gyk;ngaHfpd;wdH. mtHfsJ tUkhdk; ,yq;ifg;
nghUshjhuj;jpw;F fzprkhdNjhH gq;fspg;ig toq;FfpwJ. ,Ue;Jk; gy
Gyk;ngaUk; ngz;fs; ngUk; nrhe;jr; nrytpNyNa njhlHe;Jk; ,e;j
cghaj;ijf; iff;nfhz;L tUfpd;wdH.
2
,yq;ifapYs;s NeHikaw;w njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs;
mjpfstpy; rl;ltpNuhjkhd> kpf mjpfkhd Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzq;fis
mwtpLtJld; ngz;fis mtHfsJ vjpHghHf;Fk; njhopy; Fwpj;Jk;
Vkhw;WfpwhHfs;. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; njhopw; rl;lq;fs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis
cs;slf;ftpy;iy> mtHfs; jq;fs; gzpGhpAk; ,lq;fspNyNa
milgl;ltHfshf rpwpa Ntjdj;jpw;fhf ePz;l kzpj;jpahyq;fs; mjpf Ntiy
nra;a Ntz;batHfshf cs;sdH. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy;> Ntiy nfhs;NthH
my;yJ njhopy; KftHfs; ,t;tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis cly; hPjpahd
J\;gpuNahfk;> ghypay; J\;gpuNahfk; my;yJ fl;lha Ntiy nra;jy;
vd;gtw;Wf;F Mshf;Ffpd;wdH. jw;nghOJs;s vz;zpf;iffs;
J\;gpuNahfq;fspd; msitf; Fiwj;J kjpg;gpLifapy;> ,yq;if murhq;fNkh
Gyk;ngaHe;J nrd;w tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fspy; ,lh;g;gl;L 50 NgHfshtJ
ehshe;jk; jpUk;gp tUtjhfTk; kw;Wk; ntspehl;bYs;s J}Jtuhyaq;fs;
Ntjdk;; toq;fhik> ghypay; njhe;juTfs; kw;Wk; mjpf Ntiyg;gS Nghd;w
Kiwg;ghLfSld; ,g;gzpahsHfshy; epuk;gp toptjhfTk; mwptpf;fpwJ.
Gyk;ngaHe;j njhopyhsHfs;
vjpHnfhs;Sk; ,r;Ruz;ly; ,ufrpakhdnjhd;wy;y. ,g; gpuhe;jpaj;jpYs;s
Clfq;fs; nfh^ukhd J\;gpuNahfq;fs; Fwpj;jhd nra;jpfis mbf;fb
ntspapLfpd;wd. “rpj;jputijapd; fij nrhy;Yk; cile;j tpuYk;>
kzpf;fl;nlYk;Gk;”> “Urpaw;w czit rikj;jjw;fhf ,yq;ifg;
gzpg;ngz;Zf;F ifapy; #L”> “Nrhk;Ngwpj;jdkhf ,Ue;jikf;Fg; gzpg;ngz;
rpj;jputij nra;ag;gl;Lf; nfhiy”> kw;Wk; “,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz; tsHg;Gg;
G+idapd; czit cz;z epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gl;lhH”> Nghd;w nra;jpj; jiyg;Gf;fis ,e;jr; nra;jp mwpf;iffs; nfhz;Ls;sd.
1
,g;gbahdNjhH tpopg;GzHT cs;sNghJk;> ,yq;if murhq;fk;> rT+jp
mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;
1 kpuh[; hp];tp> “rpj;jputijapd; fij nrhy;Yk; cile;j tpuYk; kzpf;fl;nlYk;Gk;”> f`hyp[;
ilk;]; (Lgha;> I.m.,) xf;NlhgH 11> 2004.
http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp?section=theuae&xfile=data/ theuae/2004/ october/theyae_october218.xml (ghHitapl;lJ nrg;nlk;gH 6>2007)@ nlg];hP S., “Urpaw;w czitr; rikj;jjw;fhf ,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;Zf;F ifapy; #L”> f`hypj; ilk;]; (Lgha;>
I.m.,) Mf];l; 18> 2004.
http://www.khaleejtimes.com\DisplayArticleNew.asp?section=theuae&xfile=data/theuae/2004/august/theuae_august408.xml (ghHitapl;lJ nrg;nlk;gH 6> 2007)@ myp`_th\;>
“Nrhk;Ngwpj;jdkhf ,Ue;jikf;F gzpg;ngz; rpj;jputij nra;ag;gl;L nfhiy”> muGr;
nra;jpfs; (n[l;lh> rT+jp mNugpah) [_d; 8> 2007. Error! Hyperlink reference not
valid. (ghHitapl;lJ nrg;nlk;gH 6> 2007)@ “,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz; tsHg;Gg; G+idapd;
czit cz;z epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gl;lhH”> nla;yp epA+]; (nfhOk;G> ,yq;if)> [_d; 19> 2007.
http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/06/19/main_News.asp (ghHitaplg;gl;lJ [_d; 19> 2007).
3
vd;gd ,g;gzpahsHfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F XH rhjhuz juj;jpyhd njhopy;
ghJfhg;igf; $l toq;fj; jtwpAs;sd. Nghl;bj; jd;ikAk;> CoYk; epiwe;j
Ml;NrHg;Gj; Jiwapy; ,yq;if ,d;dKk; fl;Lg;ghl;ilf; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy
vd;gJld; J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;Fs;shd gzpg; ngz;fSf;F XH NghJkhd
cjtpaspf;Fk; Nritfis my;yJ KiwapLtjw;fhdNjhH tpidj;jpwdhd
nghwpKiwia cUthf;ftpy;iy. Xa;T ehl;fs;> Ntiy nra;Ak; Neuq;fs;
kPjhd tiuaiwfs; kw;Wk; rpy ehLfspy; XH Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdk; cl;gl
Vida midj;J CopaHfSk; mDgtpf;Fk; cj;juthjq;fis ,e;j Ntiy
nfhs;Sk; ehLfs; epiwNtw;whky; ,Ue;jd.
njhopyhsHfs; Gyk;ngaHT ,yq;iff;Fg; ngUkstpy; ,yhgfukhdJ.
2006,y;> ,yq;ifapd; ,e;j ,lk; khwpr; nry;Yk; njhopyhsHfs; ehl;bw;F 2.33
gpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyHfis mDg;gp itj;Js;sdH - ,J nkhj;j
cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpia tpl 9% mjpfkhdJld; ehL ngw;Wf; nfhz;l
ntspehl;L cjtp kw;Wk; Neubahd ntspehl;L KjyPLfs; ,ize;j
njhifia tpl 526 kpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; mjpfkhdjhFk;. jw;NghJ
cs; mDg;Gk; njhifahdJ ijj;j Milfs; Vw;Wkjpf;F mLj;J ,uz;lhtJ
gpujhd Vw;Wkjpg; nghUshd Njapiy Vw;Wkjpia tplf; $LjyhdNjhH
tUkhdk; <l;Lk; Njhw;Wthahf cs;sJ. njhopyhsH Gyk;ngaHT ,yq;ifapy;
Ntiyapy;yhikg; gpur;rpidiaj; jzpg;gJld; ehl;bw;fhd Kf;fpakhdNjhH
me;epar; nryhtzpia <l;Lk; tskhfr; nraw;gLfpwJ. ,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j
cs; mDg;Gk; njhifapy; Gyk;ngaH gzpg;ngz;fs; 60 tPjj;jpw;Fk; Nky;
gq;fspf;fpd;wdH.
tWikf; Fiwg;Gf;fhd ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; cghaq;fs; kw;Wk; mjd;
tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiwiaf; Fiwg;gjw;F cs; mDg;Gk; njhiffs;
Kf;fpakhditahjyhy; ,yq;if murhq;fk; ntspehl;L Ntiy tha;g;Gf;fis
Kd;Ndw;Wk; XH nfhs;ifiaj; jPtpukhf mDrhpf;fpwJ. fPNo tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;s
mz;ika rPHjpUj;jq;fis tpl> ,f; nfhs;iffs; mjpfk; XH kdpjj;Jt
mk;rk; ,y;yhky;> kdpj chpikfs; ghJfhg;gpy; FiwghLila Mdhy;
Ntiyahl;fSf;Ff; Nfs;tp mjpfKs;s nry;te;j> vz;nza; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak;
ehLfSf;F ,g;Gyk;ngaH ngz;fis XH Vw;Wkjpg; nghUshff; fUjp
re;ijg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,yq;ifapYs;s Gyk;ngaHNthH chpikfSf;fhd
mikg;Gf;fs; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfSf;fhd ,yq;ifapd; mZFKiwia
“nghUl;fs; toq;Fk; mZFKiw” vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. ,t;tZFKiw
“njhpT nra;jy;> gapw;rpaspj;jy;> nghjpaply;> fhg;GWjp nra;jy; kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp nra;jy;” vDk; #j;jpuj;jpw;fikthd ,ay;Gld; gzpahsHfspd; ghJfhg;G vDk;
Kf;fpa mk;rk; ,y;yhJ fhzg;gLfpwJ.
Gyk;ngaHjy; ek;gpf;if mspf;ff; $bajhfTk; mNjNeuk; f\;lq;fSf;fhd
tha;g;Gf;fs; cs;sjhf ,Utpjq;fspYk; cs;sJld; Gyk;ngaH ngz;fSk;
Rgpl;repiy kw;Wk; J\;gpuNahfq;fs; Mfpa ,uz;ilAk;
4
mDgtpj;Js;sdH. ,q;F tPl;by; ruhrhp Ie;J cWg;gpdHfisf; nfhz;l
FLk;gj;ijg; guhkhpf;Fk; ngz; gzpahsHfs; ,yq;ifapy; ciog;gijg;
Nghd;W XH gj;J klq;F mjpfk; ciof;f KbAk; vDk; XH kha ek;gpf;ifapy;
Gyk; ngaHfpd;wdH. ntspehl;by; ciof;Fk; Ntjdj;jpy; Gyk;ngaH
gzpahsHfs; tPLfisf; fl;bAs;shHfs;> tpahghu Kaw;rpfis
Muk;gpj;Js;shHfs;> FLk;gj;jpd; %j;j cwtpdHfisg; guhkhpj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;
kw;Wk; gps;isfsJ ghlrhiyg; Gj;jfq;fs;> rPUilfs; vd;gtw;iwAk;
thq;fpAs;shHfs;. mNefkhd Gyk; ngaH tPl;Lg; ngz; gzpahsHfs; mtHfsJ
FLk;gj;jpd; gpujhd tUkhdk; <l;Lgtuhf khwpAs;sJld;> mtHfs;
ntspehl;bypUe;J jpUk;gpa gpd;dH mtHfsJ FLk;gk; kw;Wk; r%fj;jpy;
$Ljyhd me;j];ij <l;bf; FLk;gj;jpy; jPHkhdk; vLf;Fk; $Ljyhd mjpfhuk;
kw;Wk; FLk;g tsq;fspy; XH fl;Lg;ghl;ilAk; mDgtpf;fpd;wdH.
,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;iffs; mz;ika tUlq;fspy; Kd;Ndw;wk;
mile;Js;sJld; ntspr; nry;Yk; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfis
Kfhikg;gLj;Jtjw;F Kf;fpakhd gbKiwfis Kd;ndLj;jjw;Fk;
ghJfhg;Gf;fis toq;f Muk;gpj;jjw;Fk; mit ghuhl;lg;gl
Ntz;baitahFk;. ,yq;if murhq;fk; 1985 ,y; gzpahsHfs; rl;lG+Htkhd
topfspD}lhfg; Gyk;ngaHtij cWjp nra;aTk;> Ml;NrHg;G KftHfspdhyhd
Coy; kw;Wk; Ruz;ly;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk; kw;Wk; gzpahsHfsJ cs;
mDg;Gk; njhiffspd; gha;r;rypw;F trjpaspf;Fk; tpjkhf ntspehl;L Ntiy
tha;g;Gg; gzpafk; vDk; epWtd hPjpahd mikg;nghd;iw
cUthf;fpaJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ghJfhg;gpy; fzprkhd ,ilntspfs; njhlHe;Jk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
,yq;ifg; ngz;fspd; njhopy; hPjpahd Gyk;ngaHjYf;fhf mgptpUj;jp
nra;ag;gl;l Gyk;ngaH njhopy; JiwahdJ ,j;Jiwapd; tUq;fhy tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfis gpd;ndhU Neuj;jpy; J\;gpuNahf mr;RWj;jy;fSf;F Mshf;Fk;
tpjj;jpyhd xOq;fPdq;fshy; epiwe;J fhzg;gLfpwJ. NeHikaw;w njhopy;
KftHfs; kw;Wk; mDkjpg; gj;jpukw;wJk; kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghLfspd;wpa cjtp
KftHfs; Gyk;ngaHe;J nrd;W tPl;Lg; gzpahshf Ntiy ghHf;f vjpHghHf;Fk;
ngz;fsplk; Ntiyg; gjpTr; Nritfs; kw;Wk; Vida Gyk;ngaHjy; njhlHghd
nryTfSf;nfd cj;jpNahf G+Htkhf mDkjpf;fg;gl;l fl;lz tPjq;fis tpl
%d;W my;yJ ehd;F klq;F fl;lzq;fisr; rl;ltpNuhjkhf
mwtpLfpd;wdH. ,t;tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspy; mNefh; ,e;jf; fl;lzq;fisr;
nrYj;Jtjw;fhf mepaha tl;bf;F fld;fisg;; ngw;W ngUk;
fldhspahfpd;wdH. ,r;Rik mtHfs; J\;gpuNahfq;fspw;F Kfk; nfhLf;ifapy;
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ njhpit kl;Lg;gLj;JfpwJ. njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk;
cjtp KftHfs; Ntiy nra;ag; NghFk; ,lk;> mtHfsJ njhopy;
epge;jidfs; kw;Wk; mtHfs; ngwg;NghFk; Ntjdk; Nghd;w
tplaq;fspy; ,g;gzpg;ngz;fis mjpfk; Vkhw;Wfpd;wdH. ,e;j Vkhw;W
5
Ml;NrHg;G eltbf;iffs; kj;jpa fpof;fpw;Fg; Gyk; ngaHe;j gpd;dH tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz;fs; Ruz;lg;gLtjw;fhd mghaj;jpw;Fl;gLj;JfpwJ.
ciog;Nghh; gilapy; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fNs kpff; Fiwe;j
ghJfhg;igf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH. mtHfs;> xOq;FgLj;jg;glhjJk;> Fiwj;J
kjpg;gplg;gLk; XH njhopy;Jiwapy; gzpGhptJld; mtHfs; J\;gpuNahfk; kw;Wk;
Ruz;lypw;fhd $Ljy; mghaj;jpy; cs;sdH. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;>
nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs;
gytpjkhd J\;gpuNahfq;fs; kw;Wk; gy tifahd Ruz;ly;fSf;F> ,tw;wpy;
mNefk; ghy;epiy Fwpj;jhdtw;wpw;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH.
gzpnra;Ak; ,lq;fspy; mtHfs; rhjhuzkhd msTf;fjpfkhd ePz;l
kzpj;jpahyq;fs; gzpGhptJ> Xa;T ehl;fs; ,y;yhjpUg;gJ> mtHfisg; Nghd;W
Gyk; ngaHe;J te;J Mz; gzpahsHfis tpl Fiwe;j tUkhdj;ij <l;LtJ
cl;gl ghugl;rkhd Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdTfs; Nghd;w Nkhrkhd
J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Mshfpd;wdH. ciog;igg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; ,e;j
ehd;F ehLfspy;> ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; cly; hPjpahf> cs hPjpahf
Jd;gg;gLtJld; ghypay; J\;gpuNahfk;@ Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik@ czT
nfhLf;fhik@ mtHfsJ milahs Mtzq;fisg; gwpj;J itj;jy;@
Ntiyj;jyq;fspy; gyte;jkhf milj;J itj;jy;@ kw;Wk; mtHfs; tpUk;gpa
nghOJ jq;fsJ jha;ehl;bw;F jpUk;gpr; nry;Yk; mtHfsJ tpUg;gj;jpy;
kl;Lg;ghLfs; ,ly; Nghd;wtw;wpdhYk; Jd;gg;gLfpd;wdH. rpy
rkaq;fspy; ,itfs; ,ize;j Nkhrkhd Ntiyj;jy J\;gpuNahfq;fs;
gzpg;ngz;fis gyte;jkhd Ntiyf;Fs; mfg;gl;Lf; nfhs;Sk; epiyikfis
cUthf;Ffpd;wd.
kj;jpa fpof;fpd; Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehLfs; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz;fis FWfpafhy xg;ge;jg; gzpahsHfshf mDkjpj;J mtHfSf;F
rpy chpikfSf;Nf ,zq;fpAs;sd. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk;
If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; vd;gtw;wpd; njhopw; rl;lq;fs; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfsJ ghJfhg;ig Kw;whfNt cs;slf;ftpy;iy. ,e;ehLfspd;
murhq;fq;fs; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F mtHfsJ ehl;Lr; rl;lj;jpd;
fPo; rkdhd ghJfhg;ig kWjypg;gJld;> J\;gpuNahfr; rk;gtq;fshf ,Ug;gpDk;
$l Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J khwp Ntwplk; nry;Yk; mtHfsJ tpUg;gpid
kl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
,e;jr; rl;lg; ghJfhg;gpd;ik kw;Wk; epthuzj;ij ehLk; nghOJ rl;lj;jpd; fPo;
rkdhd chpikfis epiy epWj;Jtjpy; ngz;fspw;fhd kl;Lg;ghLfs; vd;gd
mtHfs; mDgtpf;Fk; td;Kiwfis mjpfhpj;jd. njspthd rl;l
chpikfs; ,y;yhJ kw;Wk; eilKiwapypUf;Fk; njhopw; rl;lq;fspd;
ghJfhg;gpypUe;J tpyf;fg; gl;bUg;gjhYk; ,e;j tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs;
J\;gpuNahfk; kw;Wk; Ruz;ly;fis mDgtpf;Fk; nghOJ mtHfSf;Ff;
Fiwe;j ghJfhg;Ng cs;sJ. J\;gpuNahfq;fis GhpAk; Ntiy nfhs;Nthiu
mjw;Fg; nghWg;Gf; $witf;f my;yJ nfhLglhj Ntjdq;fis kPsg;
6
ngWtjw;fhf mjpfhhpfis ehLk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mNefk;
Fiwe;jstpyhd my;yJ mwNtapy;yhj ghJfhg;igNa ngwf;
$bajhf ,Ug;gJld; epthuzq;fisg; ngWtjpy; vz;zw;w rl;l kw;Wk;
eilKiwj; jilfisAk; vjpHnfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ. jq;fs; Ntiy
nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J khwpr; nry;Yk; tpUg;gpid kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; FbtuTf;
nfhs;iffspy; mfg;gl;Lj; jtpf;Fk; ,tHfs; ve;jg; gFjpapypUe;Jk; cjtpiag;
ngwKbahky;> mNefkhd Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Nkhrkhd
gzpnra;Ak; epiyikfspypUe;J jg;gpf;f Kbahky; njhlUk;
J\;gpuNahfq;fis rfpj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;bajhfTs;sJ.
ehl;bd; cs;@H ePjpr; nray;KiwfspypUe;J nghpJk; tpyf;fg;gl;l epiyapy;> rpy
rkaq;fspy; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; jhq;fs; gzpnra;Ak;
ehl;bYs;s jq;fsJ ehl;bd; J}Jtuhyaq;fSf;F cjtpia kpfTk; ehb Xb
tUfpd;wdH. jq;fsJ Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;gp XbtUk; ,yq;if
tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; mNefk; ,yq;ifj; J}Jtuhyaq;fspy; trjpfsw;w>
msTf;F kPwpa rdneUf;fbahd epiyikfSld; thoNtz;ba epiyf;Fj;
js;sg;gLfpd;wdH. ehq;fs; NeHfz;l ngz;fs;> ,yq;ifj; J}Jtuhya
mjpfhhpfs; Nkhrkhd cly; hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fs;> ghypay;
J\;gpuNahfq;fs;> Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik my;yJ Ruz;lg;gLk; Ntiyj;jy
epiyikfSld; jq;fis mZFk; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fSf;F Fiwe;jstpyhd
cjtpiaNa mspf;fpd;wdH my;yJ Kw;whf cjTtjpy;iy vdj;
njhptpj;jdh;. ,yq;iff;Fj; jpUk;Gk; gzpg;ngz;fs;> Kiwg;ghLfis G+Hj;jp
nra;tjpYk;> ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfSf;fhd Nritfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpYk;
rpukq;fis vjpHNehf;fpajhff; $wpdhHfs;.
,yq;if rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;
vd;gd mtHfsJ rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; cld;ghLfspdJ flg;ghLfis
epiyehl;lj; jtWfpd;wd. tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; Gyk;ngaHifapy;
J\;gpuNahfq;fspw;F MshFk; epiyikfisf; Fiwg;gjw;F ,yq;if
murhq;fk; Gyk;ngaHe;J nry;ytpUf;Fk; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fSf;F mtHfs;
Gyk;ngaHtjw;F Kd; mtHfsJ chpikfs; gw;wpa jfty;fis toq;Ftjw;F
NkYk; Mtz nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz
KftHfis fz;fhzpj;Jk; kw;Wk; fl;Lg;gLj;jpAk;> tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fSf;F
KO mstpyhd cjtpia neUf;fb Neuq;fspd; NghJ J}Jtuhyaq;fspy;
toq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; epthuzj;Jf;fhd nghwpKiwfisAk; ,yq;if
jpUk;gpaJk; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; NritfisAk; mjpfhpj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshf tu vz;ZgtHfisg; ghJfhg;gjpYk;
neUf;fbahd Ntisfspy; Gyk;ngaHe;j ngz;fSf;F
cjTtjpYk; ,yq;ifapd; ,ay;jd;ikahdJ mjpfstpy; Ntiy nfhs;Sk;
ehLfspdJ xj;Jiog;gpNyNa jq;fpAs;sJ. ,yq;if ntspehl;L J}jufq;fs;
kw;Wk; Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehLfSf;fpilapyhd mjpfhpj;j xj;Jiog;G
f\;lj;jpYs;s tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis fhg;ghw;Wtjw;fhd Vw;ghLfSf;F
7
mtrpakhdJ. tpidj;jpwdhd Kiwg;ghl;Lg; nghwpKiwia cUthf;Fjy;
kw;Wk; gu];guk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLk; xg;ge;jq;fis tiue;J mKy;gLj;Jjy;
vd;gd cz;ikahd ghJfhg;gpid toq;Fk;.
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; ,e;j mwpf;iff;fhf ,yq;ifapy; xf;NlhgH
kw;Wk; etk;gH 2006 fspYk;> rT+jp mNugpahtpy; etk;gH kw;Wk; brk;gH 2006
fspYk; jd; Ma;Tfis elhj;jpaJld; md;wpypUe;J vz;zw;w
Mjhuq;fSf;fhd Njhw;Wtha;fSld; njhlHG nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,e;j mwpf;if
Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; ngz;fs; 100 NgUldhd Mokhd NeHfhzy;fspd;
mbg;gilapyhdjhFk;. ,yq;ifapy;> kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; fle;j 14
khjq;fspy; kj;jpa fpof;fpypUe;J ehL jpUk;gpa 80 Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfSld; NeHfhzy;fis elhj;jpaJ. ,g;ngz;fs; rT+jp mNugpah>
Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; Mfpa ehLfspy; gzp
Ghpe;jpUe;jdH. NeHfhzg;gl;l ,e;j 80 Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSs;
Kg;gj;njhd;gJ NgH kj;jpa fpof;fpy; g ;̀nua;d;> fl;lhH> Xkhd; kw;Wk;
N[hHlhd; cl;gl xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ehLfspy; gzpahw;wpapUe;jdH. kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; ,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;
mjpfstpy; ehL jpUk;gpapUe;j vl;L khtl;lq;fspy; VO khtl;lq;fshd:
nfhOk;G> fSj;Jiw> Nffhiy> FUzhfy;> fk;g`h> fz;b kw;Wk; fhyp
mNjNghd;W Etnuypah vd;gtw;wpy; jd; NeHfhzy;fis elhj;jpaJ.
rT+jp mNugpahtpy; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; Gyk;ngaHe;J
te;j ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; 20 NgHfSld;> mbf;Fwpg;G %yk;
ntspg;gLj;jpapUf;Fk; Fwpg;Gf;fSldhd xU rpy tpjptpyf;FfSld;
NeHfhzy;fis elhj;jpaJ. ,t;twpf;ifapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfsJ ngaHfs; mtHfsJ milahsj;jpd; ,ufrpaj; jd;ikia
NgZtjw;fhf khw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ.
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; ,yq;ifapy; murrhHgw;w ];jhgd
nraw;ghl;lhsHfs; kw;Wk; Nrit toq;FeHfshd mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;l
ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G KftHfs; rq;fk; (ALFEA) ,d; jiytHfs; cl;gl>
njhopw; rq;fj; jiytHfs; kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfs;> Jiz KftHfisAk;
NeHfhzy; nra;jJ. mj;Jld; ehk;> ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiyg; gzpafj;jpd;
cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; cl;gl> mur mjpfhhpfs;> njhopy; mikr;R> ntspehl;L
mikr;rpd; J}jufj; njhlHGfs; gphpT> FbtuT kw;Wk; Fbafy;Tj;
jpizf;fsk;> ,yq;if kdpj chpikfs; Mizf;FO kw;Wk; rl;l cjtp
kd;wk; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; re;jpj;Njhk;. rT+jp mNugpahtpy; kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfk; ,yq;if J}Jtuhyaj;jpd; %d;W mjpfhhpfs; kw;Wk;
ntspehl;Lg; gpujpepjp mjpfhhpfs; MfpNahUlDk; NeHfhzy;fis
elhj;jpaJld; 12 jdpg;gl;ltHfs; kw;Wk; njhopy;> r%f eyd;Ghp> ntspehl;L
tptfhuk;> rpiw kw;Wk; nghyp]; mjpfhhpfs; cl;gl;l rT+jp murhq;f
mjpfhhpfSld; FOepiyapyhd NeHfhzy;fisAk; elhj;jpaJ.
8
Kf;fpakhd ghpe;Jiufs;
,yq;if> rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; murhq;fq;fs; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;
Gyk;ngaHe;J jq;fsJ kdpj chpikfSf;fhd kjpg;igAk; nfsutj;ijAk;
nfhz;l epiyikfspy; gzpahw;w KbAnkd;gij cWjp nra;tjw;fhd cldb
eltbf;iffspy; nray;gl Ntz;Lk;. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
ghpe;Jiufspd; ikaf;fUf;fshff; fUjf; $bait fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.
tpgukhd Nkyjpf ghpe;Jiufs; ,t;twpf;ifapd; <w;wpy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ J\;gpuNahfq;fisj;
jtpHg;gjw;F Ml;NrHg;G nray;Kiwfspd; rPHjpUj;jk;
mtrpakhdJ. ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafk;
(SLBFE) njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ Jiz KftHfisf;
fz;fhzpg;gjw;F RahjPdkhdJk; kw;Wk; fpukkhdJkhd XH
nghwpKiwia ];jhgpg;gJld; njhopy; KftHfs; jq;fsJ Jiz
KftHfisg; gjpT nra;a Ntz;LtJld; Jiz KftHfspd;
eltbf;iffSf;Fj; njhopy; KftHfis nghWg;Ngw;gtHfshf;Fjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Gyk;ngaUk; nray;Kiwfspd; xt;nthU
fl;lj;jpw;Fkhd jq;fsJ chpikfs; gw;wp mwpe;jpUg;gpd;
mtHfSf;nfjpuhd J\;gpuNahfq;fs; mbf;fb
epfohjitahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiy tha;g;Gg; gzpafk;
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; Gwg;gLjYf;F Kd;djhd mjd; jw;Nghija
gapw;rpj; jpl;lj;jpid chpikfs; gw;wpa tpopg;GzHT kw;Wk; me;epa ehl;L
nkhopg; gapw;rpfspd; gFjpfis mjpfhpg;gjd; %yKk; epthuzg;
nghwpKiwfs; gw;wp NkYk; tphpthd jfty;fis toq;Ftjd; %yKk;
Nkk;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; mJ Gyk; ngau vz;zpAs;stHfSf;F
njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fspd; khjphpfis toq;Fjy;> Gyk; ngau
vz;zpAs;stHfSf;F Ml;NrHg;gpw;fhd fl;lzq;fspd; rl;l tuk;Gfs;
gw;wpj;; jftyspj;jy;> Fiwe;j tl;b tPjj;jpyhd fld; trjpfs; fpilf;Fk;
jd;ik kw;Wk; rl;l tpjpfis kPWk; Ml;NrHg;G KftH kw;Wk; Jiz
KftHfSf;nfjpuhf Kiwg;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nghwpKiwfs;
gw;wpait vd nghJ tpopg;GzHit Vw;gLj;Jk; jpl;lq;fs; toq;Ftij
tphpTgLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
Gyk;ngaH ngz; gzpahsHfsJ chpikfs; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLtJld; mit
Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehLfspy; mKy;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,yq;if> rT+jp
mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; Nghd;w
ehLfspd; murhq;fq;fs; gu];guk; mq;fPfhpj;J eilKiwg;gLj;jf; $ba
njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fisAk; kw;Wk; KiwapLk; gzpahsHfSf;F
epthuzj;ij cWjp nra;Ak; nghwpKiwfisAk; cUthf;Ftjw;F
xj;Jioj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
9
Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Vida njhopyhsHfSf;F toq;fg;gLk;
ghJfhg;Gf;fspypUe;J tpyf;fg;gly; $lhJ. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;>
nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; vd;gtw;wpd; murhq;fq;fs;
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;Fk; rkdhd rl;lg; ghJfhg;ig toq;Ftjw;F
Vw;wtifapy; Njrpa njhopy; rl;lq;fisr; rPHjpUj;jp mKy;gLj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd;
murhq;fq;fs; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ eyd;fspw;fhd
nghWg;Gf;fis cl;Jiw mikr;rpypUe;J njhopy; mikr;rpw;F khw;Wjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;> J\;gpuNahfq;fs; njhlHe;Jk; ,Uf;fhj tz;zk;
jq;fsJ Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J ,yFthf tpyfp
khWtjw;F ,aYkhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;>
nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; murhq;fq;fs; Gyk;ngaH
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; jq;fs; Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J khwpr; nry;tjw;F
trjpaspf;Fk; tifapy; FbtuTj; njhopy; mDruizr; rl;lq;fspy;
rPHjpUj;jq;fis nfhz;Ltuy; Ntz;Lk;.
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;nfjpuhf J\;gpuNahfq;fs; eilngw;why;
mtw;Wf;fhd epthuzq;fis cWjp nra;Ak; tifapy; Ntiy nfhs;Sk;
ehLfspy; rPHjpUj;jq;fSf;fhd Njit nghpJk; cs;sJ. rT+jp mNugpah>
Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; murhq;fq;fs;
ghypay; J\;gpuNahfq;fs;> cly; hPjpapyhd J\;gpuNahfq;fs; kw;Wk;
jw;NghJs;s Njrpar; rl;lq;fis kPWk; njhopy; chpikj;
J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;Fg; nghWg;ghd Ntiy nfhs;NthH kPJ tof;Fj;
njhlug;gLtij cWjp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
,yq;iff;Fj; jpUk;gpaJk; Kiwg;ghL nra;Ak; nghwpKiwfs; kw;Wk;
cstjpHr;rpf;fhd csts MNyhridfs; Nghd;wit cl;gl
J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLj;j Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfSf;fhd ghJfhg;Gf;fis ,yq;if murhq;fk; Nkk;gLj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; vd;gtw;wpy; ,yq;ifj; J}jufq;fs; kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lg;
gpujpepjp mYtyfq;fspd; NritfisAk; ,yq;if murhq;fk;
Nkk;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,r;Nritfs; Kiwg;ghLfisf; ifahsf;$ba
gapw;rp ngw;w CopaHfs; cs;sikia mjpfhpj;jy;> ,Ug;gpl trjpaspj;jy;>
Ntiy nfhs;Nthhpd; tPLfspy; milgl;Ls;s gzpahsHfis tpLtpg;gjw;F
cs;@H mjpfhhpfSld; ,ize;J xj;Jioj;jy;> njhopy; kw;Wk Fw;wtpay;
Kiwg;ghLfSldhd rl;l cjtpfis toq;Fjy; kw;Wk; cly; eyg;
guhkhpg;G kw;Wk; cstsj; Jizr; Nritfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F
trjpaspj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wd.
10
II. gpd;dzp
ehd; epidf;fpd;Nwd;> murhq;fk; gzpg;ngz;fs; Fwpj;Jf; $ba
ftdnkLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; ehl;bw;F me;epar;
nrythzpia <l;Ltjpy; Kd;dzpapy; ,Ug;gtHfspy; ehq;fSk;
xUtH.2
—Rre;jpf;fh> lgps;A+.> taJ 37> Kjy; jlitahf 24 tajpy; Gyk;
ngaHe;J tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf nygdhd;> Fitj; kw;Wk;
N[hHjhd; ehLfspy; gzp Ghpe;jth;.
,yq;ifapy; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; AtjpfsJ me;j];J
njw;fhrpahtpNyNa mjp$ba fy;tpawpT tPjk; kw;Wk; mjp$ba cly;
MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;fhd mZFjy;fis ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; nfhz;bUf;ifapy;
mtHfs; gy;tifahd ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd td;Kiwfs; kw;Wk;
nghUshjhur; nraw;ghLfspy; ghugl;rk; cl;gl ghy;epiy mrkj;Jtj;ij
mDgtpf;fpd;wdH. ,yq;ifapy; ngz;fSf;fhd ,e;j mrkj;Jt mk;rq;fs;
ngz;fspd; Gyk; ngaHjypw;fhd jPHkhdq;fSld; njhlHGgl;litahf
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
ciog;NghH gilapy; gq;fspg;G kw;Wk; tUkhdk; <l;Lk; rf;jpapy; ,g;ghy;epiy
mrkj;Jtk; ntspg;gLfpwJ. 2006 Mk; Mz;by; ,yq;ifapy; ngz;fs;
ciog;NghH gil 36 tPjkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,J Mz;fs; gq;fspg;gpy; RkhH
miug;gq;fhf (68 tPjk;)33 ,Ue;jJ. ngz;fspd; Ntiyapy;yhik tPjk;
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Mz;fSilaij tpl ,uz;L klq;fpw;Fk; $Ljyhf cs;sJ.4 Ntjd mLf;fpd;
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fzpg;gplg;gl;l tUkhdj;jpd; miug;gq;fhf ,Ue;jJld;> 2007 ,y; rHtNjr
njhopy; ];jhgdk; (ILO) ,yq;ifapy; ghy;epiy Ntjd ,ilntsp “nuhf;fl;”
2 ,yq;if ghze;Jiwiar; NrHe;j Rre;jpf;fh. lgps;A+ cldhd kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> entk;gH 15> 2006.
3 ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; tUlhe;j mwpf;if 2006 (nfhOk;G kj;jpa tq;fp> ,yq;if>2007)
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Mff; fhzg;gl;lJ. lbid., p.66; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> ehl;bd; ghy;epiyf;
fzpg;gPL: ,yq;if (kdpyh: ADB, 2004). http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Country-Gender- Assessments/CGA-Women-Srilanka.pdf (accessed June 1, 2007), p.viii.
11
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kw;Wk; ngz; njhopyhsHfSf;F ntt;NtWgl;l Ntjd tPjq;fis
cUthf;fpAs;sJ.7 Nguhnjdpa gy;fiyf;fofk; khHr; 2007 ,y; Nkw;nfhz;l
XH Ma;tpy; Ntjd mLf;fpy; fPo; kl;lj;jpy; xNu tpjkhd njhopy;
jd;ikapypUf;Fk; Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; njhopyhsHfSf;F ,ilapyhd
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nfhz;litahfTk;> Fiwe;j Ntjdj;Jldhd Nkhrkhd njhopy;
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tptrhaj; njhopy;> ngUe;Njhl;lj; njhopy; (Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fs;) kw;Wk;
Kiwrhuh my;yJ njhopw; rq;fq;fsw;w Jiwfshd Milj; njhopw;rhiyj;
njhopy;fs; kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp tyaq;fspDs;Sk;> ntspNaAk; mike;Js;s
Vida njhopyhsHfs; mjpfstpYs;s ifj;njhopy;fs;> nghJthf Jiz
xg;ge;jg;gLj;jy; %ykhd G+Hj;jp nra;J nfhLf;fg;gLk; nghUl;fspd;
mbg;gilapy; tPl;il mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l nghUshjhu eltbf;iffspy;
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Kiwrhuh njhopy; JiwfspYs;s Mz;fs;> Vida Kiwrhuh njhopy;
Jiwfspy; gzpahw;Wk; ngz;fistpl fzprkhdstpy; caHe;j Ntjdj;ij
<l;Lfpd;wdH.10
5 If;fpa ehLfspd; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;> kdpj mgptpUj;jp mwpf;if 2005 (epA+NahHf;
UNDP 2005)> http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/pdf/HDRO5_complete.pdf (accessed
September 6, 2007), p. 300, table 25;rh;tNjr njhopy; kfhehL, gzpapy;
rkj;Jtk;:rthy;fisf; ifahSjy; ; (Geneva:ILO, 2007)
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Vw;Wkjp Cf;Ftpg;G tyaj; njhopw;rhiyfspYs;s nghjp nra;Ak; Mz; CopaH &gh 1800-
Ntjdk; ngWifapy; nghjp nra;Ak; ngz; CopaH &gh 1525- ngw;wjhf Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJ. MjuT
epiyak;> “midtUf;Fkhd ePjp: ,yq;ifapy; njhopyhsH chpikfSf;fhd Nghuhl;lk;”> 2003. http://solidarity.timberlakepublishing.com/files/SrilankaFinal.pdf (accessed August 1, 2007), p.27 7 mNj Mjhu %yk;
8 bnydp FztHj;jd kw;wk; FOtpdH> ,yq;ifapy; ghy;epiy Ntjd ,ilntsp:
fz;zhbf;
$iuah my;yJ xl;Lk; jiuah? (nfhOk;G: Nguhnjdpa gy;fiyf;fofk; nghUshjhu kw;Wk;
Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk;> 2007).
9 Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> ehl;bd; ghy;epiyf; fzpg;gPL: ,yq;if p.viii
10 ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> tUlhe;j mwpf;if 2006>
12
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NghjpYk; caH fy;tp eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; rKjhaj;jpd; kpf twpa
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ghlrhiyfspw;fhd mDkjpapy; ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; rkdhdNjhH epiyiaf;
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11 kPs;
tpUj;jp chpikfSf;fhd epiyak;> cyfj;jpd; ngz;fs;: mth;fspd; ,dtpUj;jp
tho;itg; ghjpf;Fk; rl;lq;fs; kw;wk; nfhs;iffs;> njw;fhrpah(epA+NahHf;:CRR,2004), p.228.
12 bnydp FztHj;jd> ,yq;ifapy; ghy;epiy Ntjd NtWghLfis Muha;jy;:’Fthd;iuy;
wpf;fpw\d; mZFKiw> PMMA Network:Session Paper 2006,
http://132.203.59.36:81/HTML/Meetings/Addis/Papers/Dileni%20Gunawardena.pdf (accessed September 6, 2007), p.1. 13 ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> tUlhe;j mwpf;if 2006> tpNrl Gs;sptpgu gpd;dpizg;G> ml;ltiz
9 kPs;tpUj;jp chpikfSf;fhd epiyak;> cyfj;jpd; ngz;fs;> p.22@ ngz;fspd; Muha;r;rpf;fhd
epiyak; (CENWOR) ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd midj;J tpjkhd
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mwpf;if (nfhOk;G:CENWOR, 2001) http://www.iwraw-ap.org/using_cedaw/srilanka.doc (accessed September 6, 2007), p.21 14 ,yq;if Fw;wtpay; Nfhit ,y.2> 1883 gphpTfs; 363-364> Fw;wtpay; jpUj;jr; rl;lk; %yk;
jpUj;jg;gl;lJ> ,y.29> 2005> gphpTfs; 12-13 tPl;L td;Kiwfis jLf;Fk; rl;lk; ,y.34> 2005.
15 “,yq;if mikr;R:Ma;Tfs; njhptpf;Fk; ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiwfs; kPjhd Gs;sp
tpguq;fs;> xU cyfk; njw;fhrpah> [_d; 26> 2006. http://southasia.oneworld.net/article/view/
13
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KbAkhf ,Ue;jhy;> ehd; ,dp xUNghJk; Gyk;ngau khl;Nld;.
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gzpahw;Wtjw;Fj; jahuhfpwhH.
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XH JHg;ghf;fpa epiyapypUe;J ntsptUtjw;fhd XH jg;gpg; gpiof;Fk; XH
cghakhf gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfz;l
mNefkhd midj;J Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSNk nghUshjhuj;
NjitNa mtHfsJ Gyk;ngaHjypw;fhd XH fhuzk; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lJld;
njhopYf;fhf Gyk;ngaHtijj; jtpu jq;fSf;F NtW njhpT
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tiuf;Fkhd fy;tpiaf; nfhz;bUe;jhYk; $l mtHfs; ,yq;ifapy; Gyk;
135416/1 (accessed September 6, 2007). ,e;jpuhzp ,hpanfhy;ytpd;> “ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd
td;Kiwfs; vDk; gpur;rpid”> nla;yp epA+];(nfhOk;G)> [_iy 19> 2003.
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14
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15
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18 lgps;A+. mre;jpf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;>FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 4> 2006.
19 P. ,uhe;jjpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gj;jpdJ NeHfhzy;> uk;Ng ,yq;if> etk;gH
5> 2006@ lgps;A. nrha;rhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
Nffhiy> ,yq;if.> etk;gH 19> 2006@ kNdhhp tpjhuztplkpUe;J kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;fhd kpd;dQ;ry; njhiyj;njhlHG. khHr; 16> 2007.
16
4000-8000 &gha;fs; tiuAk; (US$ 36-71)@ Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fspy;
khjnkhd;Wf;F 1500-3000 &gha;fs; tiuapYk; (US$ 13-27)@
jdpahH ,y;ynkhd;wpy; rikaw;fhuuhf khjnkhd;Wf;F 5000-6000 &gha;fs;
tiuapYk; (US$ 44-53)@ XH tptrhaf; $ypj; njhopyhspahf 5000 &ghTk;
(US$ 44)@ my;yJ XH gPb Rw;Wgtuhf 2500 &gha;fs; (US$ 22) tiuANk
rk;ghjpf;f Kbtjhff; $wpdhHfs;. xU Foe;ijapd; jhahd 29 taJila E.
gukpjh Kd;dH Fitj;jpy; XH tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf khjnkhd;Wf;F 40
bdhHfs; (US $ 142) rk;ghjpj;j ,tH jw;nghOJ ,yq;ifapy; XH tptrhaf;
$ypj; njhopyhspahf ehnshd;Wf;F 200 &gha;fs; kl;LNk (US$ 1.78)
rk;ghjpf;fpwhH.20 %d;W gps;isfspd; jhahd 26 taJila W. nry;tFkhhp>
rT+jp mNugpahtpw;Fg; Gyk; ngaHtjw;F Kd;dH ,yq;ifapy; gPb Rw;Wtjd;
%yk;; ehnshd;Wf;F 90 rjq;fNs rk;ghjpj;jhH. jw;NghJ mtH rT+jp
mNugpahtpy; khjnkhd;Wf;F 400 hpahy;fs; (US$ 107) rk;ghjpf;fpwhH.
mtH $wpdhH> jhd; kpfTk; tWikahdtH vd;gjdhy; jdJ ,uz;L taJ
kfisAk; ,q;Nf tpl;L tpl;L Gyk;ngau Ntz;bNaw;gl;lJ vd;whH.21
,e;j mwpf;iff;fhf kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfz;l ngz;fspy;
mjpfkhNdhH mtHfsJ J}uj;J cwtpdHfSk; cs;slq;fyhf mtHfsJ
FLk;gq;fSf;fhd jdpahd xNunahU tUkhdk; <l;Lgtuhf
fhzg;gl;ldH. jdpNa ngz;fisf; FLk;gj; jiytpfshff; nfhz;l FLk;gq;fs;
ehl;by; 23 tPjkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wdH22 vd;gJld; ,yq;ifapypUe;J
Gyk;ngaHe;j ngz; gzpahsH xt;nthUtUk; cs;Shpy; ruhrhpahf Ie;J
FLk;g cWg;gpdHfSf;F Mjhukspg;gjhf Ma;Tfs; Rl;bf;
fhl;Lfpd;wd23 ,t;tpjkhd xU re;jHg;gj;jpy;> tpthfuj;Jg; ngw;w ,uz;L
20 E. gukpjhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> uk;Ng> ,yq;if> etk;gH
5> 2006.
21 W. nry;tFkhhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fl;Lehaf;f>
etk;gH 9> 2006.
22 ehl;bd; Nkhjy;fspdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;fpYs;s ,lk;ngaHe;j
FLk;gq;fspilNa ngz;fis FLk;gj; jiytHfshf nfhz;bUf;Fk; FLk;gq;fspd; vz;zpf;if
%d;wpy; ,uz;L gq;fhf ,Uf;Fk; vdf; fzpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpd; rHtNjr
mgptpUj;jpf;fhd KftH> A.v];.va;l;/,yq;if epWtdj;jpw;fhd “ghy;epiyf; fzpg;G”> ngg;uthp 17> 2004. http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/cross-cutting_prograns/wid/pubs/ga_srilanka.pdf (accessed July 1, 2007), pp:10-11 ; ejpuh Fzjpyf;f>
“murpaypy; ngz;fs; gq;Nfw;ig caHj;Jtjw;fhf jahH epiyapypUf;Fk; jpl;lk;”> nla;yp epA+]; (nfhOk;G)> [dthp 31> 2003 http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/01/31po103.html accessed September 6. 2007) 23 ikf;fy; Uj; fk;NgHl;> ‘mq;NfAk; gUg;G ,q;NfAk; gUg;G’ “kj;jpa fpor;fpy; ,yq;if tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs;”> \pHnydh `_thq;> gpnud;lh S.A kw;Wk; E}H mg;Jy; u ;̀khd;> FOtpdhpd;
Njrq;fSf;fpilapyhd njhopyhsHfshf Mrpag; ngz;fs; (rpq;fg;G+H@ khH\y; fntd;b\;>
2005)> u.94. mj;Jld; S..[atPu> M.la]; kw;Wk; L;. tdRe;ju ,yq;ifapd; ,U ,lq;fspd;
Gyk;ngaHe;J kPs;jpUk;gpa ngz;fs; (nfhOk;G:CENWOR,2002), U.I: N. tPuf;Nfhd;> “,yq;if:
rHtNjr ngz; njhopyhsH Gyk;ngaHjYf;fhd XH rk;gtf; fw;if” S. ];uh M mk;ghpj;jh
kw;Wk; FOtpdH> Mrpag; Gyk;ngaH ngz; gzpahsHfsf;fhd rl;lg;ghJfhg;G: nray;
17
gps;isfspd; jhahd H. tbTf;furp $wpaJ> “FLk;gj;jpy; ngw;NwhHfs;> ,uz;L
gps;isfs; kw;Wk; ,isa rNfhjhp MfpNahiug; guhkhpg;gjw;F ehd; xUj;jp
kl;LNk gzk; rk;ghjpf;fpd;Nwd;. ehd; vdJ je;ijf;F gzk; mDg;GfpNwd;>
mij mtH ,e;j Ie;J FLk;g cWg;gpdHfisAk; guhkhpf;f cgNahfpf;fpwhH.
500>000 &gha;fs; tiu vdJ FLk;gj;Jf;f mDg;gpapUg;gjhf ehd;
epidf;fpNwd;.24 tbTf;furp Mwhk; tFg;G tiu kl;Lkhd fy;tpj;juj;ijf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwhH. mtH Fitj; ehl;bw;F ,uz;L jlitfs; tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz;zhf Gyk;ngaHtjw;F Kd;dH> ,yq;ifapy; mtH Njapiyj;
Njhl;lnkhd;wpy; XH Njapiyf; nfhOe;J gwpg;gtuhf khjnkhd;Wf;F 1500-2000
tiu rk;ghjpj;jhH. fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy; gapw;rpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy;
mtHfSf;F ,Ue;j kl;Lg;gLj;jy;fs; ,yq;ifapy; mtHfs; jq;fSf;NfhH
jFe;jNjhH Ntiyiaj; Njbf; nfhs;tjpy; jilahf ,Ue;jnjdTk;> Mjyhy;
mJ jq;fis ntspehl;Lf;F Gyk; ngau itf;Fk; jPHkhdj;jpy; xU fhuzpahf
mike;jpUe;jnjdTk; rpy tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Fwpg;gpl;ldH. Gyk;
ngaHe;jtHfSs; fy;tp jifikfs; tplaj;jpy; ngz;fs; XH
fPo;kl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;jij Ma;Tfs; fhl;bd.25
rT+jp mNugpah kw;Wk; fl;lhH
ehLfspy; tPl;Lg; gzpg;
ngz;zhf gzpGhpe;j 42 tajhd 5 gps;isfspd; jhahuhd ghj;jp u];dh
$Wifapy;> jdf;F fy;tpapy; Kjyhk; Mz;L
kl;LNk ,Ue;jjpdhy;> ,yq;ifapy; ve;jnthU NtiyiaAk; Njbf;nfhs;s
Kbatpy;iy vd;whH: “ehd; ,yq;ifapy; Ntiy nra;atpy;iy. Vnddpy; vdJ
fy;tpia ehd; G+Hj;jp nra;atpy;iyahjyhy; ,yq;ifapy; vd;dhy; Ntiyiaj;
Njbf;nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy………. fy;tpawpT ,y;yhky; vd;dhy; Ntiy
vjw;Fk; Kaw;rpf;f KbahJ.”26
kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F ,yq;ifg; ngz;fspd; njhopy; hPjpahd
Gyk;ngaHT
,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaHNthhpy; ngz;fspd; tpfpjhrhuk; fle;j 20 tUlq;fspy;
fzprkhdsT mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. ,J 1986 ,y; ntspr;nry;Yk; Gyk;ngaHNthH 33
eltbf;iffSf;fhd cghaq;fs;(gpypg;igd;]; ml;nldpNah kdpj chpikfs; epiyak;> 1998)> U.109 24 H. tbTf;furp cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
jythf;fiy> ,yq;if> etk;gH 12> 2006.
25 fk;NgHl;> “mq;NfAk; gUg;G> ,q;NfAk; gUg;G”> `_thq;> [pNah kw;Wk; u ;̀khd; FOtpdhpd;
Njrq;fSf;fpilapyhd njhopyhsHfshf Mrpag; ngz;fs;> g.96@ [atPu la]; kw;Wk;
tdRe;ju-,yq;ifapd; ,U ,lq;fspy; Gyk;ngaHe;J kPs;jpUk;gpa ngz;fs; pp. 24, 55 26 ghj;jpkh u];dhTldhd (Ntz;LNfhspd;gb cz;ikahd ngaNu gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ)
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> mj;jdfy;y> ,yq;if> etk;gH 8> 2006
18
rj tPjkhfTk; 1994 ,y; cr;repiyahf 79 rjtPjkhfTk; fhzg;gl;lJld;
jw;NghJ ,J 59 rjtPjkhff; fzpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.27 kj;jpa
fpof;fpw;F ,yq;ifg; ngz;fspd; Gyk; ngaHthdJ vz;nza; ts
tisFlh ehLfspd;28 vz;nza; tpiyfspy; Vw;gl;l Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tpiy
mjpfhpg;igj; njhlHe;J 1976 ,ypUe;J Muk;gpj;jJ. fl;bl
epHkhz Mz; gzpahsHfSf;fhd Nfs;tp 1980 fspy; Fiwtila mjpfhpj;j
tPjj;jpy; ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshfg;
Gyk;ngaHe;jdH. 1994 ,y; ,yq;ifapypUe;J kj;jpa fpof;fpw;fhd midj;Jg;
Gyk;ngaHe;Njhhpy; 84 rjtPjj;jpdH ngz;fshf ,Ue;jJld; ,tHfSs;
mNefkhNdhH tPl;Lg; gzpg; ngz;fshtH. kj;jpa fpof;fpy; gzpGhpAk;
Gyk;ngaHe;j gzpahsHfs; ,yq;iff;F cs; mDg;Gk; gzk; fle;j %d;W
jrhg;jq;fspy; cWjpahf tsHr;rpaile;Js;sJld; gz tPf;fj;jpw;fhf rhpNeH
nra;ag;gLtJ 1980 ,y; cs;sijtpl 2005 ,y; Ie;J klq;F caHthff;
fhzg;gl;lJ.29 ,yq;ifg; ngz;fspd; Gyk;ngaHthdJ 20 kpy;ypaDf;Fk;
Nkw;gl;l MrpaHfs; jq;fs; nrhe;j ehl;Lf;F ntspNa gzpGhptjhff;
fzpf;fg;gl;l XH cyfstpyhd epfo;tpd; XH gFjpahff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
midj;Jg; Gyk;ngaHe;j MrpaHfSs; ngz;fs; RkhH miug;gq;fstpw;F
cs;sJld; ngz;fs; njhifahdJ fpof;F kw;Wk; njd; fpof;fhrpahtpd30
Gyk;ngaHe;j Mz;fs; vz;zpf;ifia fle;J tpl;ljhf fzpg;gPLfs;
njhptpf;fpd;wd. Njrq;fspw;fpilapyhd njhopyhsH Gyk;ngaHtpy; ngz;fspd;
27 1994 ,y; ngz;fspd; Gyk;ngaHjy; mjd; 79 rjtPj cr;rj;ij mile;j mNjNtis>
Mz;fspd; Gyk;ngaHTk; Jhpjkhf mjpfhpj;jJ. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;> nfl;l
fdTfs;@ rT+jp mNugpahtpy; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; kPjhd Ruz;ly;fSk;>
J\;gpuNahfq;fSk;> njhFg;G 16>,y.5(E) [_iy 2004>
http://hrw.org/reports/2004/saudi0704/,p.14; Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment, Annual 28 ikf;Nfy; Uj; fk;NgHl;> rikayiwf; fuz;bapd; ifgpb:Njrq;fSf;fpilapyhd
jd;ikfSk;> ,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;fSk; (,j;jf;f:NfhHdy; gy;fiyf;fofg; gjpg;gfk;> 2000) pp. 27. 30. 29 nfhOk;G EfHNthH tpiyr; Rl;nlz;fisg; gad;gLj;jp gztPf;fj;jpw;fhd rhpNeH nra;jy;
fzpg;gplg;gl;lJ. F. ,yd;];> T. \hk; NgH]; kw;Wk; J.D. ];nkf;khd; FOtpdhpd; msTfis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ. kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F njhopyhsHfs; Gyk;ngaHT: ,yq;ifapypUe;J
tisFlhtpw;F (yz;ld;:fPfd; Nghy; rHtNjrk;< 1992)@ ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg;
gzpafk;> ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G tUlhe;jg; Gs;sptpgu mwpf;if 2005> p88. 30 fpuhkp `_Nfh>“Mrpa-gRgpf; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; Gyk;ngaHjy;”> rHtNjr Gyk;ngaHjy; kPjhd
cyf Mizf;FOtpw;F jahhpf;fg;gl;l fl;Liu> nrg;nlk;gH 2005. http://www.gcim.org/mm/File/Regional%29Study%202.pdf (accessed September 6, 2007), p.8 Gyk;ngaHjYf;fhd rHtNjr ];jhgdk;> cyf Gyk;ngaHjy; 2005: rHtNjr Gyk;ngaHjy;
nryTfSk; ed;ikfSk; (n[dPth@IOM > 2005)p. 109; rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> ngz;
Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfspd; ghugl;rk;> Ruz;ly; kw;Wk; J\;gpuNahfq;fis jLj;jy;@ XH jfty;
topfhl;b> E}y; 1> mwpKfk; rHtNjr Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; kPjhd ftdk; Vd;? (n[dPth>
ILO, 2003), pp. 9-10.
19
Mjpf;fk; Fwpg;ghf ,yq;if> ,e;NjhNd\pah kw;Wk; gpypg;igd;];331 Nghd;w
ehLfspy; fhzf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJld; ,e;j ehLfspypUe;jhd tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfspd; gpujhd NrUkplkhf kj;jpa fpof;F fhzg;gLfpwJ.32
ntspehLfSf;Fg; Gyk;ngaUk; ,yq;ifg; ngz;fSs; 90 tPjj;jpw;Fk;
Nkw;gl;Nlhhpy; 660>000f;Fk; mjpfkhd ngz;fs; jw;fhypf xg;ge;jq;fspNyNa
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshfj; njhopy; Ghpfpd;wdH.33 2005 ,y; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshf
njhopy; ghHf;f kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F Gwg;gl;l ,yq;ifg; ngz;fspy; 97
rjtPjkhNdhhpy; 87 rjtPjkhNdhH rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk;
If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; Mfpa ehd;F gpujhd ehLfisNa
NrUkplq;fshf nfhz;bUe;jdH.34 %d;W rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; Fiwthd
njhifapdNu irg;gpu];> rpq;fg;G+H> kNyrpah> khiyjPTfs; kw;Wk; n`hq;nfhq;
cl;gl NtW ehLfSf;Fr; nrd;wdH35 2005 ,y; rT+jp mNugpahtpw;Fr; nrd;w
Mz;fistpl ,uz;L klq;F mjpfkhf ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; nrd;wdH
vd;gJld; Fitj; ehl;bw;Fr; nrd;w ngz;fspd; njhif Mz;fistpl
ehd;fpw;F xd;W vDk; mjpfhpj;jstpy; fhzg;gl;lJ.36
mGjhgpapypUf;Fk; ,yq;ifj; J}jufj;jpd;gb If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy;
gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fk; 165>000 ,yq;ifaHfSs; RkhH 70 rj tPjkhNdhH
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshtH.37
31 1983 ,y; ngz;fs; 42 tPjk; ,e;NjhNd\pag; ngz;fisAk;> 2003 ,y; 73 tPj rl;lG+Htkhd
Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfisAk; nfhz;bUe;jJ. 1992 ,y; ngz;fs; njhif gpypg;igd;];
ehl;bypUe;J Gyk;ngaHe;j Mz;fspd; njhifia tplf; $Ljyhf fhzg;glj; njhlq;fpa Jld;
2005 ,y; xt;nthU ehSk; gpypg;igd;]; ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaWk; RkhH 3000 Nghpy; 65
tPjkhNdhH ntspehl;by; gzpnra;ar; nry;Yk; ngz;fshff; fhzg;gl;ldH. fk;NgHl;>
rikayiw fuz;bapd; ifgpb> p.35@ Mrpa Gyk;ngaH epiyak; kw;Wk; Mrpahtpd; Gyk;ngaH
Kd;dzp> Mrpag; Gyk;ngaH tUlhe;j E}y; 2004: 2003 ,y; Gyk; ngaHjypd; cz;ikfs;>
gFg;gha;Tfs; kw;Wk; gpur;rpidfs;(n`hq;nfhq;:Mrpah Gyk; ngaHT epiyak;> 2004), p.175; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> njd;fpof;fhrpahtpy; njhopyhsH fspd; gz cs;sDg;Gjypd;
cl;gha;r;ry; (kdpyh:Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> 2006)>
http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/workers-remittance/workers-remittance.pdf (accessed June 2, 2007), pp.12, 120-121; If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; rdj;njhif epjpAk;> cyf rdj; njhifapd;
epiyik 2006> ek;gpf;iff;fhd XH ghij: ngz;fSk; rHtNjr Gyk; ngaHTk; (epA+NahHf;:
UNFPA, 2006), p.23. 32 If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; rdj;njhif epjpak;> cyf rdj;njhifapd; epiyik 2006 p.25.
33 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafk;> ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gf;fSf;fhd tUlhe;j Gs;sptpgu mwpf;if
2005> pp.5.58. 34 mNj %yk; p.11 If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; vd;gJ mGjhgp> m[;khd;> my;Gi[a;uh> Lgha; u]; my; f`a;kh> rhH[h
kw;Wk; ck; my;FNaNta;d; vDk; VO ,uhr;rpaq;fspd; XH rk\;b murhFk;.
35 Ibid., p. 26.
36 fzpg;gPLfs; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafk; toq;fpa Gs;sptpguq;fspd; mbg;gil apyhdit>
tspehl;L Ntiytha;g;g tUlhe;jg; Gs;sptpgu mwpf;if 2005> p.13 37 IRIN, “If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;: tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; mtJ}W fw;gpf;Fk; Ntiy nfhs;NthH”>
[_iy 2> 2006> http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?Reportid=27089 (accessed September 6, 2007).
20
ehl;by; nghUshjhuj;jpw;fhd me;epar; nryhtzpapd; XH Kf;fpakhd
Njhw;Wthahf ,yq;ifapd; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fspd; Ntjdq;fspd;
cs;mDg;Gk; njhifNa cs;sJ. 2006 ,y; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfspd;
cs;mDg;gpa njhifahdJ 2.33 gpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyHfis
vl;baJld; ,yq;ifapd; me;epar; nryhtzp tUthapy; ,uz;lhtJ caHe;j
epiyia gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpaJld; ehl;bd; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpiatpl
9 rjtPjj;jpw;F rkdhd tifapy; mjpfhpj;Jf; fhzg;gl;lJ.38 cs; mDg;gg;gLk;
gzj; njhifahdJ> ,yq;ifapd; ,uz;lhtJ kpf Kf;fpa Vw;Wkjpg;
nghUshd (ijj;j Milfs; Vw;Wkjpf;F mLj;jjhf) Njapiy Vw;Wkjpiatpl
tUkhdj;jpw;Fhpa ngUk; Njhw;Wthahf cs;sJld; tWikf;
Fiwg;gpw;fhd ,yq;ifapd; Kf;fpakhdNjhH nghUshjhu
cghakhfTKs;sJ.39 ,yq;if mjd; tHj;jfj;jpy; Jz;LtpOk; njhifahd
3.37 gpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyHfspy; RkhH 70 rjtPjj;Jf;F ,yq;ifapd;
Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfspd; cs;sDg;Gk; gzk; %yNk epjpaspf;fpwJ.
mj;Jld; ,t;Ts; mDg;gg;gLk; nkhj;jg; gzj;njhifahdJ ,yq;if ngw;Wf;
nfhs;Sk; ntspehl;L cjtpfistpl mNefkhf ,uz;L klq;F mjpfkhdJld;
ntspehl;L Neub KjyPl;lhff; fpilf;Fk; njhifiatpl ,uz;liu klq;F
mjpfkhdjhFk;.40 ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp mjd; 2006 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd
tUlhe;j mwpf;ifapy;> “cs;ehl;Lr; Nrkpg;Gf;fis caHj;Jtjpy; fhzg;gLk;
kl;Lg;gLj;jy;fspw;fpilapy; tpUk;gg;gLk; XH nghUshjhu tsHr;rp tPjj;ij
miltjpy; njhopyhsHfspd; cs;sDg;Gk; gzj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijr; Rl;bf;
fhl;baJ. NkYk; “njhopyhsHfsJ cs;sDg;Gk; gzk; %yk; ntspehl;by;
jq;fpapUf;Fk; ,yq;ifaHfsJ Nrkpg;ghdJ ntspahH eilKiwf; fzf;fpd;
gw;whf;Fiwia Fiwg;gjw;F cjtpaJ”41 vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lJ.
38 2006 ,y;; kj;jpa fpof;fpy; gzpahw;Wk; Gyk;ngaHe;Njhuhy; 57 rjtPjj;jpw;F mjpfkhf gzk;
cs;sDg;gg;gl;lJld; Gyk;ngaH ngz gzpahsHfs; 1999 ,y; 62 rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhd
gzk; cs;sDg;Gjypw;Fg; gq;fspj;Js;sdH. ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> tUlhe;j mwpf;if 2006> pp. 14, 85. ml;ltiz 87: Gyk;ngaHjypw;fhd rHtNjr ];jhgdk;> cyfg; Gyk;ngaHjy; 2003>
Gyk;ngaHjy; rthy;fisr; rkhspj;jy; kw;Wk; ,lk;ngaUk; kf;fspw;fhd
gjpypWg;Gf;fSk;(n[dPth:IOM 2003), p.17; rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> Gyk;ngaUk; ngz;
gzpahsHfspd; ghugl;rk;> Ruz;ly; kw;Wk; J\;gpuNahfj;ijj; jLj;jy;. E}y; 1. p.11. 39 Milf; ifj;njhopy; %yk; <l;lg;gLk; (US$ 3.08 gpy;ypad;) tUkhdj;jpw;F
mLj;J ,uz;lhtjhd njhopyhsHfspd; jdpg;gl;l gzk; cs; mDg;Gjy;fs; 2006 ,y; 2.33
gpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyHfis ,yq;iff;F me;epar; nryhtzpahff; nfhz;L te;j
Ntisapy; Njapiy Vw;Wkjp jdpNa 881 kpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyHfisNa ntspehl;L
tUkhdkhf nfhz;L te;jJ. ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; tUlhe;j mwpf;if 2006> p. 81; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp tUlhe;j mwpf;if 2005 (nfhOk;G: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> 2006).
http://www.cbsl.gov.lk/pics_n_docs/publicaton/_docs/efr/annual_report/Ar2005/Index%20AR2005.htm (accessed September 6, 2007), p.90, box10
40 ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> tUlhe;jf mwpf;if 2006> pp.75, 86, 87.
41 mNj %yk;> p.7.
21
ntspehl;by; ,yq;ifg; ngz; gzpahsHfis jtwhf elj;JtJ kw;Wk;
J\;gpuNahfq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; mjpfhpj;j ntspg;gLj;jy;fs;> ,yq;ifaHfs;
kw;Wk; murhq;fk; Mfpa ,U jug;gpdhpilNaAk; cldbahd fhprdq;fis
vOg;gpAs;sJ. njhopw; rq;fq;fs; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfsJ chpikfisr;
Rw;wp xd;W jpuz;ld. mj;Jld; ,t;twpf;if $WtJ Nghd;W murhq;fk; ,e;jg;
gpur;rpidfs; Fwpj;Jk; ftdk; nrYj;j Muk;gpg;gjw;fhd Kd;ndLg;Gf;fis
cUthf;fpAs;sJ.
22
III. Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; ngz;fs; ,yq;ifapy;
vjpHnfhs;Sk; J\;gpuNahfq;fs;
Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; ngz;fs; ,yq;ifapy; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; J\;gpuNahfq;fs;
kw;Wk; Ruz;ly;fSf;fhd %d;W gpujhd gFjpfis kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfk; ,dk; fz;lJ. Kjyhtjhf> Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; ngz;fsplk;
KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; Nghd;NwhH Gyk;ngaHtJ njhlHghd
Nritfs; kw;Wk; Mtzq;fSf;fhf msTf;fjpfkhd fl;lzq;fis
t#ypg;gjhFk;. ,J tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F jtpHf;ff;
$banjhd;whf ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> mtHfsJ njhopYf;fhd fhyk; KOtJk; ,f;
fld; Rikapid kPs;nrYj;Jtjpy; ngUk; ,d;dy;fSf;fhshf
Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,uz;lhtjhf> KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; Gyk;ngau
vz;Zk; ngz;fis mtHfsJ njhopypd; jd;ik kw;Wk; epge;jidfs;>
mtHfsJ Ntjdq;fs; kw;Wk; mtHfs; ve;j ehl;by; njhopy; GhpaTs;shHfs;
Nghd;w tplaq;fspy; rhpahd jfty;fisf; $whJ Vkhw;Wfpd;wdH. ,jdhy;
Gyk;ngaHe;j ,g;ngz;fs; Ruz;ly;fs; kw;Wk; Ml; flj;jy;fSf;fhshFk;
mgha epiyfspw;Fk; cs;shfpd;wdH. %d;whtjhf> ,yq;if mjpfhhpfs;
Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; ngz;fspw;F mwpTWj;jp mtHfsJ rk;kjj;ijg; ngwhkYk;>
mtHfsJ jdpg;gl;l gpuj;jpNaf chpikfis kPWk; tifapYk; mtHfs;
Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;dh; ghugl;rkhd kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfSf;F
cs;shf;FtjhFk;;.
,yq;ifapd; xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l fl;liikg;G kw;Wk; Ml;NrHg;G
eilKiw
Gyk;ngaH ,yq;ifg; gzpahsHfsJ J\;gpuNahfq;fs; Fwpj;jhd
mwpf;iffSf;Fg; gjpypWf;Fk; XH rhjfkhd eltbf;ifahf 1985 ,y; ,yq;if
ntspehl;L Ntiy tha;g;Gg; gzpafr; rl;lj;ij ,yq;if murhq;fk;
cUthf;fpaJ. ,J ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;ij (,jd;
gpd;dH ,.nt.Nt.g vd;W RUf;fkhff; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;) ntspehl;L
Ntiytha;g;GfSf;F ,yq;ifaHfspd; Ml;NrHg;gpid epWtd hPjpapy;
xOq;fikj;J Kd;Ndw;Wk; XH nghwpKiwahf ];jhgpj;jJ.42 ,.nt.Nt.g vd;gJ
Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzk; kw;Wk; Ntiytha;g;G
KftHfsJ juFg;gzk; %yk; epjpg;gLj;jg;gLk; XH Ra epjpj;jd;ik nfhz;l
nghJj;Jiwf; $l;Lj;jhgdkhFk;.43 ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G Kd;Ndw;w
42 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafk;> rl;l ,y.21> 1985.
43 L.K. U`_DNfAldhd (cjtpg; nghJ KhikahsH> nghJj;njhlHG kw;Wk; ,zf;fg;ghL)
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ,.nt.Nt.g> nfhOk;G> etk;gH 16> 2006.
23
mikr;rpd; Nkw;ghHitapd; fPo;tUk; ,.nt.Nt.g Ml;NrHg;G KftHfSf;F
mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;Fjy;> Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; gzpahsHfSf;F gapw;rpj;
jpl;lq;fis elhj;Jjy;> Gyk;ngaHNthiug; gjpT nra;jy;> Gyk;ngaH
gzpahsHfSf;fhd fhg;GWjpj; jpl;lq;fis epHtfpj;jy; kw;Wk;
Gyk;ngaHe;NjhuJ gps;isfSf;fhd Gyikg; ghprpy; jpl;lk; cl;gl
Gyk;ngaHe;NjhH FLk;gq;fSf;fhd eyd;Ghpj; jpl;lq;fis elhj;Jjy; Nghd;w
eltbf;iffSf;Fg; nghWg;ghfTs;sJ.
ntspehl;by; tPl;Lg; gzpahsuhf gzpahw;w tpUk;Gk; ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; XH
Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; my;yJ jdpg;gl;l njhlHGfs; %yk; Gyk;ngau KbAk;.44
mNefkhdtHfs; Muk;gj;jpy; mtHfsJ fpuhkq;fspy; mike;Js;s cs;SHj;
Jiz KftHfspD}lhf KftHfSld; Vw;ghLfis
Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,Ug;gpDk;> rpyH khtl;l jiyefHfspy; mike;Js;s
KftH mYtyfq;fis Neubahfr; nrd;wilfpd;wdH.45 jdpg;gl;l
njhlHGfspD}lhfg; gazpf;Fk; ngz;fs; toikapy; Vw;fdNt kj;jpa fpof;fpy;
gzpGhpAk; jq;fsJ cwtpdH my;yJ ez;gHfspD}lhf jq;fSf;fhd XH
epiyia ];jhgpj;Jf; nfhs;tJld; jq;fsJ gazr; rPl;Lf;fhf NeubahfNt
Ntiy nfhs;NthUld; njhlHgpid Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,yq;if tPl;Lg;
gzpahsnuhUtiu gzpf;fkHj;j tpUk;Gk; kj;;;jpa fpof;fpYs;s Ntiy
nfhs;NthH my;yJ njhopy; KftHfs; Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;bYs;s ,yq;if
ntspehl;Lg; gzpafj;jplkpUe;J mDkjpiag; ngWtjw;F XH Ntiyf;fl;lis
my;yJ jdpg;gl;l Ml;NrHg;Gf; Nfhhpf;ifia gjpT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.46 tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfis jdpg;gl;l njhlHGfs; %yk; my;yJ XH Ml;NrHg;G KftH
%yk; gzpf;F mkHj;jg;gLk; nghOJ XH njhopy; xg;ge;jk;
ifr;rhj;jplg;gLtjw;F Kd;G ntspehl;Lg; gzpafj;jplkpUe;jhd mDkjp
ngwg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.47
,yq;ifapYs;s Ml;NrHg;G KftH kj;jpa fpof;fpYs;s XH njhopy;
KfthplkpUe;J XH Ntiyf; fl;lis Ntz;LNfhisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;
nghOJ mtHfs; mjw;fhdnjhU tpsf;ff; fbjk; kw;Wk; Ntiyf;
fl;lisapd; gpujp vd;gtw;iw
44 L.K. U`_DNfAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ,.nt.Nt.g>
nfhOk;G> xf;NlhgH 30> 2006.
45 ,yq;if 9 khfhzq;fshfTk;> 22 khtl;lq;fshfTk; gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
46 L.K. U`_DNf> “,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaHNthH Ml;NrHg;gpd; epWtd hPjpapyhd fz;fhzpg;G”>
fpwp];bahd; Fg;l;];r; FOtpdH> njhopy; tHj;jfHfs; (n[dPth> njhopy; fw;iffSf;fhd
rHtNjr epiyak;> 2006). http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/inst/download/merchants.pdf (accessed September 6, 2007), p. 59. 47 L.K. U`_DNfAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ,.nt.Nt.g>
nfhOk;G> xf;NlhgH 30> 2006.
24
,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; gpukhzq;fSf;fikthf mDkjpf;fhfr; rkHg;gpj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.48 ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; eilKiwfspd; fPo; Ntiytha;g;G
epge;jidfs; jpUg;gjpfu khditahf ,y;yhjtplj;J my;yJ Ntiy
nfhs;Sk; ehl;bd; cs;SH Aj;jk; my;yJ murpay; Fog;gq;fs; fhuzkhf
njhopyhsHfsJ capHfs; fLikahd mghaq;fSf;Fs;shFk; XH epiy
fhzg;gLkhapd; Ntiyf; fl;lisf;fhd Nfhhpf;iffSf;F mDkjpaspj;jy;
$lhJ.49 ,yq;if Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs;> VNjDk; Ml;NrHg;G eltbf;iffs;
vLg;gjw;F Kd;gjhfNt njhopy; mDkjpfisg; ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lnkd;w
fhuzj;jhy; KftHfs; jhk; Ml;NrHf;Fk; midtUf;Fk; njhopy; ngw;Wf;
nfhLg;gjid cj;juthjg;gLj;j Kbahtpl;lhYk; $l mtHfs; nghJtpy; XH
njhifahdtHfSf;nfd nkhj;jkhf mDkjpiag; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,.nt.Nt.gzpafk;> Ntiyf; fl;lis Nfhhpf;iffis
mDkjpj;j gpd;dH> ,yq;ifj; njhopy; KftHfs; Ml;NrHg;G eltbf;ifapid
Muk;gpj;J Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis NjHe;njLf;f
Muk;gpf;fyhk;.
1995 ,y; ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; XH nfhs;if mwptpg;G> midj;Jg; Gyk;ngaH
gzpahsHfSk; mtHfs; ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaw Kd;dH mjDld; gjpT
nra;J nfhs;SkhW Ntz;LfpwJ.50 njhopy; KftH my;yJ mtHfsJ Jiz
KftHfs; njhpT nra;ag;gl;l tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspw;F mtHfisg; gjpT nra;J
nfhs;Sk; nra;Kiwfspy; toikahf cjTtH. ,J flTr;rPl;L xd;iwg;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpypUe;J Muk;gpf;fpwJ.51 njhpT nra;ag;gl;l Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk;
gzpahsHfs; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;duhd ghpNrhjidfSf;F cl;gLkhW
Ntz;lg;gLtH. mj;Jld; kj;jpa fpof;fpy; gzpahw;wpa Kd;
mDgtkpy;yhjtHfs; 12 ehl;fSf;F ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpdhy; ,ytrkhf
elhj;jg;gLk; gapw;rp newpnahd;wpidf; fl;lhak; G+Hj;jp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
gapw;rp newpia G+Hj;jp nra;jjw;fhd XH rhd;wpjo; my;yJ kj;jpa fpof;fpy;
gzpahw;wpa MW khjfhy mDgtk;> ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;Fr; nry;YgbahFk;
flTr;rPl;L (mry;)> ,.nt.Nt.gzpaff; fl;lzq;fs; nfhLg;gdT
nra;ag;gl;likf;fhd tq;fpapd; gw;Wr;rPl;Lf;fs;> nry;YgbahFk; tprh mDkjp
48 `rhk; A. yj;jPg;Gldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. njhopy; KftH>
my; mf;fPk; vd;lHgpiur]; jdpahH epWtdk;> FUehfy;> nfhOk;G> etk;gH 3> 2006.
49 Gyk;ngaHjYf;fhd rHtNjr ];jhgdk;> Mrpahtpd; njhopyhsH Gyk;ngaHjy;: Gyk;ngaH
njhopyhshpd; ghJfhg;G> mDrhpg;Gr; Nritfs; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp ed;ikfis mjpfhpj;jy;.
(n[dPth:IOM, 2005) g. 32.
50 U`_DNf> “,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaH Ml;NrHg;gpy; epWtd hPjpapyhd fz;fhzpg;G”> Fg;l;];r;
FOtpdH> njhopy; tHj;jfHfs;.> g.56.
51 fk;NgHl;> rikayiwf; fuz;bapd; ifgpb> g. 61.
25
kw;Wk; J}jufk; mDkjpj;j njhopy; xg;ge;jk; vd;gd midj;Jg; Gyk;ngaH
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;Fk; gjpT nra;J nfhs;tjw;F NjitahditahFk;.52
,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; fl;lha gapw;rp newpfspd;NghJ
flTr;rPl;L kw;Wk; tprh mDkjp Kiwfs; gw;wp fw;Fk;
Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gfpd;w tPl;Lg; gzpg;gzpahsh;fs;. tPl;Lg;
gzpahsh;fs; kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F Gyk;ngah;tjw;F Kd;dh;
mth;fis ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiy tha;g;G gzpafk;
gapw;Wtpf;fpd;wJ. ©2007 J\;ae;jp fdfrghgjpg;gps;is/kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;
njhopy; KftHfs; toikapy; Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F
gjpT nra;J nfhs;Sk; nra;Kiwfspy; cjTtH. Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsH gapw;rp newpapidg; G+Hj;jp nra;j gpd;dH ,yq;if
52 ,.nt.Nt. gzpafj;jpd; CopaUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;:(ngaH
Fwpg;gplg;glhJs;sJ.) FUehfy; khtl;lk;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5> 2006.
26
KftH ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jplkpUe;J Gwg;gLtjw;fhd ,Wjp mDkjpiag; ngwy;
Ntz;Lk;.53 KftH my;yJ KftuJ gpujpepjp ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpw;F Nehpy;
nrd;W> gzpahsuJ %yf; flTr;rPl;L> ntspehl;Lj; J}jufj;jplkpUe;jhd Nrit
xg;ge;jk; kw;Wk; gzpahsuJ gapw;rp my;yJ mDgtr; rhd;wpjio fhz;gpj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.54 ,.nt.Nt.gzpafk; ,j;jfty;fis ntspehl;Lg; gzpafj;Jld;
ghprPypj;Jr; rhpghHj;Jf; nfhs;tJld;> Ntiyf; fl;lisf;fhd Nfhhpf;if
Nghypahdjy;y vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jp> mDkjpia oq;Fk;.55 ,.nt.Nt.gzpafk;
Gwg;glYf;fhd mjd; ,Wjp mDkjp toq;Fjiy mjd; fzpdp juTj;jsj;jpy;
gjpT nra;J nfhs;Sk;. ,jd; %yk; ntspehl;Lg; gzpafk; ,.nt.Nt.gzpafk;
mjd; ,Wjp mDkjpapid toq;fpAs;sjh vd kPs; ghprPyid nra;J nfhs;s
KbAk;.56 ntspr;nry;Yk; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ gjpTfis
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F my;yJ gjpT nra;ahj Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfsJ
mt;tplj;jpNyahd gjpTfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;tjw;NfJthf rHtNjr tpkhd
epiyaj;jpy; ntspr;nry;Yk; gFjpapy; ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; XH
fUkgPlj;ijg; NgZfpwJ.57
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; gjpT nra;J nfhs;Sk;NghJ> ,.nt.Nt.gzpafk;
mtHfsJ tprh> Ntjdk;> neUq;fpa ,uj;j cwtpdH kw;Wk; Ntiy
nfhs;NthUld; njhlHG nfhs;sy; Nghd;w tpguq;fis mjd; juTj;jsj;jpy;
gjpT nra;J nfhs;Sk;.58 tPl;Lg; gzpahsH Ntiy nfhs;NthuJ njhlHG
tpguq;fis gjpT nra;jpUg;gpd; ,.nt.Nt.gzpafk; ,j;juit Ntiynfhs;Sk;
ehl;bYs;s ntspehl;Lg; gzpafj;jpw;F mDg;gp itf;Fk;.59 ,.nt.Nt.gzpafk;
kw;Wk; Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;bYs;s ntspehl;Lg; gzpafk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk;
tPl;Lg; gzpahsH kw;Wk; Ntiy nfhs;NthuJ ngaH kw;Wk; Kfthp njhlHghd
tpguq;fisf; nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.60 Ntiy nfhs;NthH my;yJ njhopy;
KftH Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;bYs;s ,yq;if J}jufj;jpy; Ntiyf;
53 ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; L.K. U`_DNfAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;: nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 30> 2006.
54 mNj Mjhu %yk
55 mNj Mjhu %yk;
56 mNj Mjhu %yk;
57 fl;Lehaf;f ,.nt.Nt.gzpaf cj;jpNahfj;jHfSldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;> fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 1> 2006@ my;̀ h[; A.hp.vk;. md;tH> ALFAldhd
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH31> 2006@
U`_DNf> “,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaHNthH Ml;NrHg;gpd; epWtd hPjpapyhd fz;fhzpg;G”> Fg;];l;r; FotpdH> njhopy; tHj;jfHfs;> g.58.
58 \puhe;jp Vf;fehaf;f ehl;bw;fhd xUq;fpizg;ghsH> ,/nt.Nt.gzpafk; cldhd kdpj
chpikfs;fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 16> 2006.
59 cjtpg; gzpg;ghsH> If;fpa ehLfs; kw;Wk; gy;gFjp tplaq;fs;> RNkjh Vf;fehaf;fTldhd
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> etk;gH 16> 2006.
60 ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; \puhe;jp Vf;fehaf;fTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;> etk;gH 16> 2006.
27
fl;lisia gjpT nra;J nfhs;tH> MapDk; ,e;jg; gjpT Ntiy nfhs;NthuJ
G+uzkhd njhlHG nfhs;Sk; Kfthp tpguq;fis cs;slf;fpapUf;f Ntz;ba
mtrpakpy;iy.61 tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; jdJ Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J
rl;lG+Htkhd Kiwapy; khWfpd;w nghOJ Gjpa Ntiy nfhs;NthH tprh
mDkjpapyhd khw;wq;fis ntspehl;Lg; gzpafj;Jld; gjpT nra;J
nfhs;tjw;fhd nghWg;igf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhH> MapDk; Gjpa Ntiy
nfhs;gtH ,e;jf; flg;ghl;il G+Hj;jp nra;aj; jtWk;
nghOJ ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpw;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsH gw;wp Njbg; gpbg;gjw;fhd
topfs; ,y;yhJ cs;sJ.62
Ntiyahl;fis Ml;NrHg;gtHfs;> ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gf;fhd taJj;
Njitfisg; jpUg;jp nra;tjw;fhfTk;> mNef Ntiynfhs;NthH K];ypk;
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis tpUk;Gtjhy; flTr;rPl;L K];ypk; ngaH kw;Wk; kjk;
rhHe;j me;j];Jf;fis nfhz;bUf;Fk; tifapYk; khw;wpf; flTr;rPl;Lf;fspy;
gy jpy;Y Ky;Yfisr; nra;fpd;wdH. FbtuTr; rl;lq;fspy; ghpr;rakpy;yhj
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F njhopy; KftHfs; ,e;jj; jpUFjhsq;fisr; nra;J
mtHfsJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhplk; mtHfs; gw;wpa khwhl;lkhd XH
mgpg;gpuhaj;jpid Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy; cUtfg;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gij tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; mwpahky; ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. flTr;rPl;Lf;fs; jtwhd ngaH kw;Wk;
taJ vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;bUf;ifapy; Njitahd nghOJ tPl;Lg; gzpahsuJ
cz;ikahd jdpg;gl;l juTfs; my;yJ gzpahsuJ FLk;gj;ijj; Njbf;
fz;Lgpbg;gJ rpukkhd fhhpakhf KbAk;.
Ml;NrHg;G fl;lzKiw kw;Wk; fld; nfhLg;gdTfs;
“flTr;rPl;L> gjpTf; fl;lzk; vd;gtw;Wf;fhf gzk; Njitnad
JizKftH $wpdhH. Mdhy; KftH ,tw;Wf;fhd fl;lzq;fis
Vw;fdNt nrYj;jpapUg;gJ gazk; nra;Ak; gzpg;ngz;Zf;Fj;
njhpahJ.”63
—XH ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf CopaH
Ml;NrHg;G njhlHghd fld;fs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ Gyk;ngaHT
eltbf;iffs; KOtjpYkhf mtHfisg; ngUk; Rikahf thl;LfpwJ. njhopy;
KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; Ml;NrHg;G kw;Wk; Vida NritfSf;fhf
Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsplkpUe;J fl;lzq;fis mwtpLtJ
toikahdnjhd;whf ,Ue;jhYk;> rpy rkaj;jpy; ,r;NritfSf;fhf kpf mjpf
61 ntsptptfhu mikr;R RNkjh Vf;fehaf;fTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy; etk;gH 16> 2006.
62 mNj %yk;.
63 ,.nt.Nt. gzpafj;jpd; CopaUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;:(ngaH
Fwpg;gplg;glhJs;sJ.) FUehfy; khtl;lk;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5> 2006.
28
fl;lzq;fis t#ypf;fpd;wdH. ,e;j Nkyjpf fl;lzq;fs; gpd;dH
Ntiynfhs;NthhpdJ Ruz;ly;fSf;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis cl;gLj;Jk; XH
mghaj;jpw;Fs; cs;shf;FfpwJ.
Vnddpy; njhopy; KftHfs;> Jiz KftHfs;> tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; fld;
nfhLg;NghHfSf;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kPs;nrYj;j Ntz;ba fld;njhif
fhuzkhf jhk; Nkhrkhd Ntiy epiyikfSf;Fs; mfg;gl;Lf; nfhz;ljhf
czHfpwhHfs;.64
S.gj;khtpd; fij> Gyk;ngah; tPl;Lg;fzpahsh;fspd; cah;e;j Ml;Nrh;g;Gf;
fl;lzf; nfhLg;gdTfspd; gpd;tpisTfis tpsf;FfpwJ. rTjp mNugpahtpy;
gzpahsH Ntiyf;fhf XH Jiz KftH Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzkhf Nfhhpa
22>000 &gha;fis (195 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) nrYj;Jtjw;F> cs;Shpy; fld;
nfhLg;gtH xUthplk; 15>000 &gha;fis (133 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) mth;
fldhf ngw;whH. mj;Jld; khjnkhd;Wf;F 700 &gha;fs; tiu nrYj;j
Ntz;ba XH tq;fpf; fldndhd;wpw;fhd gpizAWjpf;nfd fpuhkj;jpYs;s XH
ngz;zplkpUe;J XH jq;fr; rq;fpypiaAk; ,utyhfg; ngw;whH. mj;Jld; jdJ
gpuahzr; nryTfSf;fhf jdJ jsghlq;fs;> njhiyf;fhl;rp kw;Wk; tp.rp.MH
vd;gtw;iwAk; tpw;whH. tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; kPjpahf mtH nrYj;j Ntz;ba
njhifiar; nrYj;Jk; tiuapy; mjw;fhdnjhU gpiz itg;ghf mtuJ
ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrpiaj; Jiz KftH mthplkpUe;J gwpKjy; nra;J
nfhz;lhH.65 gpd;dh; rTjp mNugpahtpy; mtuJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; rNfhjuH
gj;khTld; ty;YwT nfhs;s Kaw;rpj;jjpd; tpisthf mtH Ntjdk; vjidAk;
ngWtjw;F Kd;Ng ehL jpUk;gpdhH. ,d;dKk; nrYj;j Ntz;bAs;s 15>000
&gha;fSf;F (133 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) Nkw;gl;l fld;njhifAld; mtH
$wpdhH> “ehd; gzk; rk;ghjpf;fyhk; vd;W vz;zpapUe;Njd;> Mdhy; eilngw;w
midj;JNk mjw;F vjpHkhwhdit.”66
nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; cj;jpNahfG+Ht gjpTf; fl;lzkhd 50-100
mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; tiuapyhd njhifiaNa Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs;
Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsplkpUe;J mwtpl KbAnkd ,yq;ifr; rl;lk;
mDkjpf;fpd;wJ. MapDk; ehq;fs; fz;lwpe;jjpd;gb tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs;
cz;ikapy; nrYj;Jk; fl;lzq;fs; 315 nlhyHfs; tiuapy; cs;sJ. ,J
cj;jpNahfG+Ht fl;lzj;ij tpl kpf mjpfkhFk;. ,e;j epiyikfspd; fPo;
mNefkhd ,t;tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; jq;fs; FLk;gj;jtHfSf;F khjj;jpw;F 20-
64 ,t;twpf;ifapd; gFjp V Ig; ghHf;fTk;. Njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfSf;F
mDkjp kw;Wk; fl;Lg;gLj;jy; Kaw;rpfs; njhlHghd murhq;fj;jpd; jfty;fSf;F> “,yq;if
murhq;fj;jpd; gjpypWg;G”I ghHf;fTk;. 65 v];. gj;khTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 1> 2006.
66 mNj %yk;.
29
50 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; tiuapNyNa cjtf; $bajhf
cs;sJ. ,r;rk;gtq;fspd; mNefkhdtw;wpy; njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz
KftHfs; Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsplk; tprh mDkjp kw;Wk;
murhq;fg; gjpTf; fl;lzq;fs; vdf; fl;lzq;fis ngUg;gpj;Jf; fhl;b mjpf
fl;lzq;fis t#ypf;fpd;wdH my;yJ Ntiyj;jyq;fis xJf;fpf; nfhLj;jy;
NritfSf;Fg; gjpyhf mjpfsthd fl;lzq;fis ,yq;if ntspehl;L
Ntiy tha;g;Gg; gzpafr; rl;lj;ij kPWk; tifapy; mwtpLfpd;wdH.67
ml;ltiz 1: cj;jpNahfG+Htkhd Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;
nrYj;jpajhf mwptpf;fg;gLk; fl;lzq;fs;
fl;lz tplak; cj;jpNahfG+Ht fl;lzk;/nryT kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;
gfj;jpw;F mwptpf;fg;gl;l Gyk; ngaH
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshy; nfhLg;gdT
nra;ag;gl;l cz;ikahd nryTj;
njhiffs;
KftH my;yJ Jiz
KftH juFg; gzk;
I.m.,: Jiz KftUf;F
&gh.10>000-16>000(US$89-142);
KftUf;F &gh.35>000(US$311)
Fitj;: KftH &gh.7>500-16>000
(US$67-142) Jiz KftH:&gh
13>500-20>500(US$ 120-182)
nygdhd;:Jiz KftH:&gh10>000-
20>000(US$89-178); KftUf;F
US$100-300 (1-3 khj Ntjdk;)
rT+jp mNugpah: Jiz KftH &gh.
22>000(US$0-195); KftUf;F 0-15>000
(US$ 0-133)
,.nt.Nt.th.gzpaf
gjpTf; fl;lzk;
US$ 90f;Fk; Fiwthd Ntjdk;
ngWNthhpw;F &gh 5980-(US$
53) US$90-180 tiuahd
Ntjdk; ngWNthhpw;F &gh 8855-
(US$ 79) US$ 180f;Fk;
Nkw;gl;l Ntjdk; ngWNthhpw;F
&gh 11>730-(US$104)
Nkw;nrhy;yg;gl;l fl;lzq;fSs;
cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,.nt.Nt.gzpaf
fhg;GWjp
&gh 2>500-(US$22) ,J
Nkw;nrhy;yg; gl;l gjpTf;
fl;lzj;jpDs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.68
&gh 5000-8000(US$ 44 – 71)
flTr;rPl;L &gh 2>500-(US$ 22) my;yJ kPs;
toq;fYf;F &gh 10>000(US$ 89)
&gh 2>500-10>000 (US$22-89)
tprh mDkjp nghUj;jkpy;iy Fitj;:&gh 4000-(US$36)69
(US$40)70 rT+jp mNugpah:&gh
1500(US$ 13)71
67 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafr; rl;lk; KftHfis Gyk;ngaUk; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfsplk; Neubahf ,j;juFg; gzq;fs; mwtpLtijj; jLf;fpd;wJ. ,yq;if ntspehl;L
Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafr; rl;lk; ,y:21> 1985. ,J ntspehl;L njhopy; KftH rl;lk; ,y.32>
1980 gphpT 42I nrayw;wjhf;FfpwJ.
68 Gyk;ngaHjypw;fhd rHtNjr ];jhgdk;> Mrpahtpy; njhopyhsH Gyk;ngaHT g.182
69 ,.nt.Nt.gzpaf CopaH xUtUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
ngaH kiwj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5> 2006.
70 rprpu gz;lhuTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. njhopy; KftH> rkhrp
khd;gtH NrHtpr]; FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006.
30
kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjid &gh 500- (US$ 4) &gh 1500-7500 (US$ 13-67)
kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjid
fSf;fhf nfhOk;Gf;Fg;
gazpj;jy; kw;Wk;
KftUldhd re;jpg;G
nghUj;jkpy;iy &gh 5000-10000 (US$44-89)
kPs;jpUk;Gk; tpkhdg;
gazr;rPl;Lf; fl;lzk;
mNefkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy;
fl;lzk mwtplg;gLtjpy;iy.72
0-3 khjj;jpw;fhd Ntjdk;
nkhj;jk; &gh 8980-14>730 (US$ 80-131) I.m.,:&gh 16>000-35>000(US$142-
311) Fitj;::&gh 12>000-
20>500(US$107-182) nygdhd;:&gh
10>000-33>255(US$89-295) rT+jp
mNugpah:&gh 5>000-22>000 (US$ 44-
195)
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; Ma;T> Ml;NrHg;G Kfth;fs; kw;Wk; Jiz
KftHfs; Mfpa ,U jug;ghUNk Gyk;ngaH gzpg;ngz;fsplkpUe;J
mjpfhpf;fg;gl;l fl;lzq;fis mwtpLtjhf Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. Jiz KftHfNs
KftHfis tpl mjpfhpj;j fl;lzq;fis njhlHr;rpahf mwtpLfpd;wdH.
mDkjp ngw;w KftH epiyaq;fs; nghJtpy;> Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; gzpahsHfs;
thOk; fpuhkq;fspypUe;J njhiytpYs;s efu ikaq;fspNyNa mike;Js;sd.
Jiz KftHfs;> mDkjp ngwhj kw;Wk; tpjpfspd;gb fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glhj
njhopy; jufHfs; Mth;> ,tHfs; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;gzpahsHfs; kw;Wk; mDkjp
ngw;w KftHfSf;fpilapy; ,ilj;jufHfshf nray;gLfpd;wdH. ,yq;ifapy;
580f;Fk; mjpfkhd mDkjp ngw;w KftHfSk; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfis ,j; njhopy; KftHfSld; ,izg;gtHfshf 10>000-20>000
tiuapyhd Jiz KftHfs; ehL KOtjpYk; nray;gLtjhf mtjhdpfs;
kjpg;gpLfpd;wdH.73 xU mDkjp ngw;w KftH> “75 ,ypUe;J 80 tPjkhd
gzpg;ngz;fs; ,e;jj; Jiz KftHfSlhfNt njhlHGfis Vw;gLj;JfpwhHfs;” vdf; kjpg;gpl;lhH.
74
Jiz KftHfs; jq;fs; maypNyNa tho;tjhYk;> mtHfs; jq;fSf;F
cjTthHfs; vd nghJtpy; ek;GtjpdhYk; Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; Gyk;ngauypw;fhd jq;fsJ G+Hthq;f Vw;ghLfis Jiz
KftHfspd; ClhfNt Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdH.
Jiz KftHfsJ ghj;jpuk; gw;wp xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH tpghpf;ifapy;:
71 ,.nt.Nt.gzpaf CopaH xUtUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
ngaH kiwj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5> 2006.
72 ,t;twpf;ifapd; gFjp IV> “nfhLg;gdT ,y;yhjJk;> Fiwthd nfhLg;gdTkhd
Ntjdq;fs;”. 73 ACTFORM Ir; NrHe;j tNahyh ngnuuhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 2> 2006@ igrhy; rkj;Jldhd kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 30> 2006.
74 `rhk; V. yj;jPg;> njhopy; KftH> my; mf;fPk; vd;lHgpiur];(jdpahH) epWtdk; -
cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006.
31
“xU Jiz KftH vd;gtH fpuhkj;jpYs;s XH kPd; re;ij Nghd;wtH@ efhpy;
kPd; re;ij vq;NfAs;sJ vd;gij ahtUk; mwptH. mNjNghd;W Jiz
Kftiu ahh;> vtH vd midtUk; mwptH. Jiz KftH tPL tPlhfr; nrd;W
ahNuDk; ntspehL Nghf tpUk;GfpwhHfsh vd tprhhpg;gH.75 XH ,.nt.Nt.gzpaf
mjpfhhp tpghpf;ifapy;> “mNefkhNdhH .Jiz KftHfsplk; Nghfpd;wdH ...
mtHfs; jhd; kf;fis ntspehl;bw;Fg; Nghtjw;F cw;rhfg;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. …
Jiz KftH xU gazpaplk; tUifapy; ... gazp> “,e;jj; Jiz KftH
vdJ rf fpuhkj;jtH> ehd; mtiu ed;F mwpNtd;> ehd; mtiu ek;GfpNwd;”> vd epidf;fpd;whH.”76 xU njhopy; KftH NkYk; $Wifapy;> “ ngz;fs;>
Kftiu tpl mtHfsJ fpuhkj;jpYs;s Jiz Kftiu mjpfk; ek;Gfpd;wdH.
mtHfs; kdjpy; Kftiu epidj;jpUf;fyhk;. MapDk; mtHfs; Jiz
KftHfisf; $Ljyhf ek;Gtjhy; mtHfSlhfNt njhlHe;Jk; nry;fpd;wdH.
mj;Jld; VJk; eilngw;whYk; mtHfsJ cwtpdHfs; Jiz KftHfisj;
njhlHG nfhs;tJ ,yFthdJ.77 nray;Kiwfspy; ghpr;rak; ,y;yhjjpdhYk;
kw;Wk; xU Mz; JizAld; jdpj;Jg; gazpf;f Ntz;ba XH rq;fl czHT
fhuzj;jpdhYk;> XH flTr;rPl;ilg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf my;yJ
Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd; mtrpakhd kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfSf;fhf jdpNa
jiyefH nfhOk;Gf;Fg; gazpg;gjpYs;s fhprdq;fisAk; rpy ngz;fs;
njhptpj;jdH. Fitj; ehl;bw;Fg; Gyk;ngaHtjw;fhf 23>000 &gha;fis (204
mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) xU Jiz KftUf;F nrYj;jpa tPl;Lg; gzpahsH
$Wifapy;> “ehd; xU Jiz KftH ClhfNt Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhz;Nld;.
Vnddpy; vdf;F vtH cjtpAk; ,y;iy. vd;idf; FUehfypYs;s (khtl;lj;
jiyefuk;) Kfthplk; Nghtjw;Fk; kw;Wk; kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfSf;Fg;
Nghtjw;Fk; vd;Dld; Jizahff; $l tUtjw;F vtUkpy;iy. me;j
Neuj;jpy; vdf;F vq;Nf NghtJ> vg;gbf; fUkq;fisr; nra;tJ vd;W
njhpatpy;iy……”.78
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;> cj;jpNahfG+Htkhf mDkjpf;fg;gl;l fl;lz tPjq;fistpl
toikahff; $Ljyhf mwtpLk; Jiz KftHfsJ jatpNyNa
jq;fpapUf;fpd;wdH. Vnddpy; mNefkhd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhopy;
KftHfSld; Neubahf Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;s Kbahky;
my;yJ ,g;gbahdNjhH njhpT cs;sJ vd;gjid mwpahJs;sdH. Vnddpy;
75 nrk;kzp R.`guhJt cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
`ghuJt> ,yq;if> etk;gH 14> 2006.
76 ,.nt.Nt.gzpaf CopaUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. (ngaH
kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) FUehfy; khtl;lk;> ,yq;if 5> 2006.
77 Xa;T ngw;w njhopy; KftH(ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) xUtUldhd kdpj
chpikfs;fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006.
78 rp. epHkypAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzp;g;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fphpght> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 7> 2006.
32
mtHfSf;F> Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd;
nfhs;iffs; gw;wpa jfty;fis mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhd
topKiwfs; ,y;yhJs;sJ.
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;> gjpT nra;ag;gl;l rpy njhopy; KftHfSk;
Nkyjpfkhf fl;lzq;fs; mwtpl;l re;jHg;gq;fis Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. kj;jpa
fpof;fpYs;s Ntiy nfhs;NthH ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsH xUtiu
Ntiyf;fkHj;Jtjw;fhf nghJtpy; 450-1600 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; tiuapyhd
kpf caHe;j fl;lzj;ijr; nrYj;Jfpd;;wdH. ,f;fl;lzq;fs; Kfthpd;
juFf;$yp cl;gl tPl;Lg; gzpahsUf;fhd tpkhdf; fl;lzk; kw;Wk; Vida
nryTfspd; Njitfis <Lnra;fpwJ.79 eilKiwapy; ,yq;ifapYs;s
Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; rpy rkaq;fspy; Ntiy nfhs;Nthuhy;
nrYj;jg;gLk; ,f;fl;lzq;fspd; fzprkhdNjhH gFjpiaj; jq;fsJ
igfspy; ,l;Lf; nfhs;tJld; Gyk;ngaUk; gzpahshHfsplkpUe;Jk;
Gyk;ngaHjy; njhlHghd fl;lzq;fSf;nfd gzk; mwtpLfpd;wdH. kj;jpa
fpof;fpw;fhd ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; Gyk;ngaHjy; kPjhdNjhH Ma;tpy;
khDltpayhsH ikf;Nfy; fk;gHl; Fwpg;gpLifapy;> “mNugpa
Ml;NrHg;ghsHfSf;Fg; Nghl;bj; jpwdhd juFg; gzj;ij nfhLg;gdT
nra;tjw;fhf ,yq;ifapYs;s KftHfs; Gyk;ngaHNthhplkpUe;J mjpTaH
fl;lzq;fis mwtpLfpd;wdH”80 > vd;fpwhh;.
1976 ,ypUe;J 1985 tiu
Ntiynfhs;NthNu ,e;j eilKiwfspd; tpisthfg; Gyk;ngaUk; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfspd; tpkhdf; fl;lzk;> flTr; rPl;L kw;Wk; kUj;Jtg;
ghpNrhjidfSf;fhd nryTfs; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd fl;lzq;fis
nrYj;jpapUf;ifapy;> “1994Mk; Mz;bypUe;J
Gyk;ngaHNthNu ,f;fl;lzq;fspy; mNefkhdtw;iwAk; mNjNghd;W njhopy;
Kfthpd; juFf; $ypiaAk; nrYj;jpdH@ fl;lzq;fs; ehl;bd; gz tPf;f
tPjj;ijtpl Jhpjkhf mjpfhpj;jJ”.81
,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfSf;fhd mur rhHgw;w ];jhgdkhd
‘mf;\d; nel; NtHf;’ (ACTFORM) ,y; gzpGhpAk; Gyk;ngaHNthH
chpikfSf;fhd XH MHtyH> eilKiwapy; ,e;jf; fl;lz Kiw vt;tpjk;
njhopw;gLfpd;wJ vd tpsf;fpdhH. “cjhuzj;jpw;F rTjp mNugpahtpw;F
Gyk;ngah;tjhapd; tpkhdg; gazr;rPl;ilf; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhfTk;
79 Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; njhopy; KftHfSf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; fl;lzq;fs; rT+jp mNugpahtpy; 750-
1600 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfshfTk;> Fitj; kw;Wk; nygdhdpy; 1000-1100 mnkhpf;f
nlhyHfshfTk;> If;fpa muG ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; 450-1100 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfshfTk; cs;sJ.Xa;T
ngw;w njhopy; KftHfSldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>(ngaH
kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006. `rk; V. yj;jPg; njhopy; KftH>
my; mf;fPk; vd;ugpiur];(jdpahH)epWtdj;Jldhd fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006.
80 fk;gHl;> rikayiwf; fuz;bapd; ifgpb g.64.
81 mNj %yk;
33
(gzpahshplk; nfhLg;gjw;F) gzpg;ngz; tUtij cWjp nra;tjw;Fkhf
Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; xU khj Ntjdk; toq;fg;gLfpwJ. KftH ,jid
gzpg;ngz;zplk; nrhy;yhky; gzj;ijf; Nfhhp>
mg;ngz; fl;lzj;ijr; nrYj;JkhW nra;fpwhH> <w;wpy; me;jg; ngz;
fldpy; tPo;fpwhH.”82 “KftHfs; vq;fis tpw;gjd; %yk; … gzj;ijg;
ngWfpd;wdH> mNj Neuk; … Ntiynfhs;NthUk; ,jid KftHfSf;F
nfhLg;gdT nra;fpd;wdH. KftHfs; ,U jug;ghhplkpUe;Jk; gzj;ijg; ngw
Kaw;rpf;fpd;wdH”83 vd;gij tPl;Lg; gzpahsH xUtH mtjhdpj;jhH. ,yq;if
murhq;fj;jpd; mjpfhhpfs;> njhopy; KftHfs;> If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;
kw;Wk; nygdhd; ehl;bw;Fg; gzpg;ngz;fspd; Gyk;ngauYf;F KftHfs; gzk;
mwtpLtjhff; $wpdH. Vnddpy; ,e; ehLfspd; Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; rT+jp
mNugpah kw;Wk; Fitj; ehLfis tplf; fzprkhff; Fiwe;jsT
fl;lzj;ijNa toq;Ffpd;wdH. Mdhy; mNjNtis rpy rkaq;fspy; rT+jp
mNugpah kw;Wk; Fitj; nry;Yk; gzpg;ngz;fsplkpUe;Jk; $l KftHfs; gzk;
mwtpLtij ,t;tjpfhhpfs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;ldH.84
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;Jldhd NeHfhzy;fspd;NghJ> njhopy;
KftHfs;> Jiz KftHfs; Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsplk; mjpf
fl;lzq;fs; mwtpLtij mwpe;jpUe;j NghjpYk;> vy;yhr; re;jHg;gq;fspYk;
Jiz KftHfspd; mjpfhpj;j fl;lz mwtpLjy;fSf;F mtHfis
Ntiyf;fkHj;jpa njhopy; KftHfis fhuzk; fhl;l KbahJ vdj;
njhptpj;jdH. ,e;e tpthjk;> Jiz KftHfsJ rl;l tpNuhjr;
nraw;ghLfSf;Fj; njhopy; KftHfs; ve;jtpj nghWg;igAk; nfhz;bUf;f
khl;lhHfs; vd;gij ed;F Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. njhopy; KftHfs;> Gyk;ngau
tpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis ,dk; fhzy;> mtHfSf;fhd
flTr;rPl;Lf;fisg; ngWjy; my;yJ Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd; mtrpakhd kUj;Jtg;
ghpNrhjidfSf;F mtHfis $l;br; nry;Yjy; Nghd;w NtiyfSf;fhf
Jiz KftHfSf;F XH juFf; $ypiar; nrYj;Jfpd;wdH. MapDk; Jiz
KftHfs; ,e;jr; NritfSf;fhfg; Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; gzpg;ngz;fsplkpUe;J
rl;l tpNuhjkhff; fl;lzk; mwtpLtJ ed;F
mwpag;gl;lnjhd;whFk;. ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; mjpfhhpnahUtH Fwpg;gpLifapy;>
“njhopy; KftHfshf cs;stHfs; jhq;fs; ,e;jj; Jiz KftHfis
82 tNahyh ngnuuh – ACTFORM cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 2> 2006.
83 v];. kNdhwQ;rpjj;Jldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 1> 2006.
84 vy;.Nf. U`_DNf> ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;Jldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 16> 2006. RNkjh Vf;fehaf;f> ntsptptfhu
mikr;Rldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH
16> 2006.
34
tpUk;Gtjpy;iynadf; $WthHfs;. MapDk; mtHfisg; gzpf;Fj; njhlHe;Jk;
mkHj;JthHfs;”> vd;W $wpdhH.85 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jghdj;jpd;
mjpfhhpnahUtH
vjpHT $Wifapy;> njhopy; KftHfs;> cs;SH kl;lj;jpy; njhlHe;Jk;
Ml;NrHg;G Nritfis toq;Ftjw;F Jiz KftHfis gzpf;fkHj;JtH:
“Vnddpy; ,j;Jiz KftHfNs ,q;F fhzg;gLk; XH ntw;wplj;ij
epug;Gfpd;wdH……. khtl;lq;fspy; mDkjp ngw;w KftHfspd; mYtyfq;fisj;
jpwg;gjdhy; kl;Lk; epiyikfs; rPuhFk; vdr; nrhy;y KbahJ> Vnddpy;
mNefkhf mtHfs; ,e;jj; Jiz KftHfisNa me;j mYtyfq;fisf;
nfhz;L elhj;jr; nrhy;tH”> vd;whH.86
mNefkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs;
gzpg;ngz;fsplk; ehl;il tpl;Lg; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;dh; mjpf fl;lzq;fs;
mwtpl;lij kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; Mjhug;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
vt;thwhapDk; rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; njhopy; KftHfs;> gzpg;ngz;fs; Ntiy
nfhs;Sk; ehl;bw;F te;jJk; mtHfsJ Ntjdq;fspypUe;J fl;lzq;fis
mwtpLtjw;F Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jd. XH tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; rT+jp
mNugpahtpYs;s XH mDkjp ngw;w njhopy; KftH jdJ Kjy; %d;W khj
Ntjdj;ij KOikahf mwtpl;L tpl;ljhff; $wpdhH: “ehd; te;j Kfthpw;F
(KftH ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) 5000 &gha;fs; (44 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;)
nrYj;jpNdd;@ mtHfs; vq;fs; Ntjdj;jpypUe;J vjidAk; mwtpl khl;Nlhk;
vdf; $wpdhHfs;. Mdhy; ehd; mq;F nrd;w gpd;G mtHfs; %d;W khj
Ntjdj;ij mg;gbNa mwtpl;ldH”.87 Vnddpy; nygdhypYs;s Ntiy
nfhs;NthH> rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpa
ehLfspYs;s Ntiy nfhs;NthUld; xg;gpLifapy; gzpg;ngz; xUtiu
Ntiyf;fkHj;Jtjw;fhf kpff; Fiwe;j fl;lzj;ijNa
nrYj;Jfpd;wdH. ,jdhy; nygdhypYs;s tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; <l;Lk;
Ntjdj;jpypUe;Nj fl;lzq;fis mwtpLtjw;fhd Vw;ghLfis KftHfs;
mjpfk; Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdH. nygdhdpy; mz;ikapy; gzpahw;wpa tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs;> njhopy; KftHfs; Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzq;fis <L nra;tjw;fhf
xd;wpypUe;J %d;W khj Ntjdk; tiu mwtpLtjhf kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $wpdhHfs;. xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;Jf;Ff; $wpajhtJ> “ehd; ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpaj;jpy;
gjpT nra;j mEuhjGu khtl;lj;jpYs;s XH njhopy; Kfth; %ykhfr; nrd;Nwd;.
85 ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; CopaUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. (ngaH
kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)> FUehfy; khtl;lk;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5> 2006.
86 rgpdh]; `rd;Bd;> rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;Jldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 2> 2006.
87 vk;. rf;jpg;gphpahTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fpphpghth> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 7. 2006.
35
ehd; me;j Kfthplk; NehpNyNa nrd;Nwd;@ mk;Kfthpd; cjtpAld; vdJ
flTr;rPl;bidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf nfhOk;Gf;F te;Njd;. ehd; %d;W
khj Ntjdkhd 300 mnkhpf;f
nlhyHfis (Ntjdk; khjnkhd;Wf;F 100 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) nrYj;j
Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ehd; KftUf;F Neubahff; fl;lzk; nrYj;jtpy;iy@ ehd;
Ntiy nra;j Kjy; %d;W khjq;fspw;Fk; vdJ Ntiy nfhs;NthH vdf;F
Ntjdk; vjidAk; toq;ftpy;iy> mtHfs; mjid ,q;Fs;s vdJ
KftUf;F mDg;gp itj;jdH.”88
KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfshy; Nkyjpff; fl;lzq;fs; mwtplg;gLtjhy;
gzpahsHfs; mNefk; $Ljyhd tl;b tPjj;Jldhd fld;fSf;F Mshfpd;wdH.
Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; gzpahsHfs; ,e;j mjpfhpj;j Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzq;fis
nkhj;jkhf xNu jlitapy; nrYj;Jtjw;fhd gz trjpfisg; nghJthff;
nfhz;bUg;gjpy;iynad;gJld; mNefH cs;SHf; fld; nfhLg;gtHfsplkpUe;J
flidg; ngWfpd;wdH my;yJ fl;lzq;fSf;fhd nryit <Lnra;tjw;fhf
eiffis milT itf;fpd;wdH. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy;
nra;j gy ngz;fs; cs;SH fld; nfhLg;gtHfsplkpUe;J fld;fisg;
ngw;Ws;sdH. ,f;fld; nfhLg;gtHfs; khjnkhd;Wf;F 20 tPj tl;bapy; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfSf;Ff; fld; nfhLf;fpd;wdH. ,f;fld; Rikfs; Jd;GWj;Jfpd;w
Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J gzpg;ngz;fs; jg;gpg; NghFk; jd;ikia
kl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,f;fld;fspw;fhd mjpfhpj;j tl;b tPjq;fspdhYk;> tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz;fspd; Ntiy nfhs;NthH mtHfSf;Fhpa Ntjdj;ij xOq;fpd;wpf;
nfhLg;gjhYk; ,tHfs; XH fld; Row;rpf;Fs; mfg;gl;Lj; Jd;GWfpd;wdH.
Gyk;ngaHNthH chpikfs; MHtyH xUtH tpsf;Fifapy;> “ngz;fs;
Gyk;ngaHtjw;F Kd;Ng fldhspahfp tpLtJk; mtHfshy; mjid kPsTk;
nrYj;j KbahjpUg;gJk; ,q;Fs;s XH Kf;fpakhd gpur;rpidahFk;. fldpd;
epkpj;jk; mtHfs; NkYnkhU jlit my;yJ %d;whtJ jlitahfTk; njhopy;
nra;tjw;fhf Gyk; ngauNtz;bAs;sJ my;yJ nrhj;Jf;fis my;yJ mlF
itj;j nghUl;fis ,of;f Ntz;bNaw;gLfpwJ. ,y;yhtpl;lhy; KftH ‘ftiy
Ntz;lhk;> ehq;fs; Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;bypUe;J cdJ Ntjdj;jpypUe;J
fopj;Jf; nfhs;tjhff; $WtH.
Mdhy; fld;njhif njhlHghf vOj;JUtpy; ve;jtpjkhd xg;ge;jKk; ,y;iy>
vdNt %d;W ehd;F khj Ntjdq;fis mtH ,og;gJld;> ,e;jf; fld;
vj;jid fhyj;jpw;Ff; fopf;fg;gLk; my;yJ vt;tsT kPjpAs;sJ vd;w ve;jtpj
tpguKk; njhpahJs;sdH.”89 vd;whH.
88 R[Ptthkp> kjuhr;rpAldhd (Ntz;LNfhspd;gb cz;ikg; ngaNu Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ) kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if etk;gH 3> 2006.
89 tNahy ngnuuh ACTFORM cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;
nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 2> 2006.
36
rT+jp mNugpahtpy; njhopy; xd;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf Jiz KftH
xUthpw;F fl;lzq;fisr; nrYj;Jtjw;fhf 40>000 &gha;fs; (355 mnkhpf;f
nlhyHfs;) fld; thq;fpajhf v];. Jahdp kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jplk; $wpdhH.
ehd;> vdJ fpuhkj;jpYs;s ,uz;L gzk; fld;
nfhLg;gtHfsplkpUe;J gzj;ij 20 tPj tl;bf;Fg; ngw;Nwd;. vdJ
Ntjdj;ij rT+jp mNugpahtpy; mtHfs; nfhLj;j NghjpYk;
mjid mtHfs; rhpahd rkaj;jpy; jUtjpy;iy. ehd; mq;F
Ie;J khjq;fs; Ntiy nra;J Kbj;jNghNj ,uz;L khjj;jpw;fhd
Ntjdj;ijj; je;jdH. ,q;Nf ,yq;ifapy; vdJ fldpw;fhd tl;b
tsHe;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,Wjpapy; vd;dhy; thq;fpa fldpd;
Kjiy kl;Lk; xUthW tl;bapd;wpf; fl;b Kbj;Njd;. Mdhy;
vdJ rT+jpg; gazk; %yk; vd;dhy; gznkjidAk; Nrkpf;f
Kbatpy;iy. 40>000 &gha;fs; (355 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) kPjhd
20 tPj tl;bia ehd; ,g;nghOJk; nrYj;jp tUfpNwd;> ,d;dKk;
20>000 &gha;fs; (178 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) nrYj;Jtjw;F
kPjKs;sJ.90
mGjhgpapy; tPl;Lg; gzpahsuhd xU Ntiyf;F v];. kNdhwQ;rdp mtuJ
nrhe;j efhpYs;s XH Jiz Kftuhy; mwtplg;gl;l Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzj;ijr;
nrYj;Jtjw;fhf 17>500 &gha;fis (155 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) fld; thq;fpdhH.
fldpw;fhd epge;jidfs; ehk; NeHfhzy; nra;j Vid Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l fldpw;fhd epge;jidfs; Nghd;wNj. “1000 &gha;fSf;F ehk; 200 &gha;fs; tl;bahfr; nrYj;JfpNwhk; kw;Wk; tl;bia
chpa Neuj;jpy; nrYj;jhtpl;lhy; 1000 &gha;fSf;F 500 &gha;fs; tPjk; tl;b
nrYj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.”91 fhyk; nry;y> tl;b tPjq;fs; ,f;fld;fis ngUg;gpj;J
tpLfpd;wd. xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH $wpdhH> “ehd; xUthplk; rpwpJ gzk; fld;
thq;fpNdd;> ehd; 5>000 &gha;fs; fld; ngw;Nwd;> Ie;J khjq;fSf;F Kd;dH
mtH vd;dplk; 11>000 &gha;fis ehd; ngw;w 5>000 &gha; fldpw;fhf kPsr;
nrYj;JkhW Ntz;bdhH.”92
eilKiwapy;> NkNy Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghd;W> ,e;j ngUk; fld;Rik kw;Wk;
caHe;j tl;b mwtply;fs; vd;gd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis J\;gpuNahf Ntiy
90 v];. jahspdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
fz;b> ,yq;if>etk;gH 10> 2006.
91 v];. kNdhwQ;rdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
fl;Lehaf;f>,yq;if etk;gH 1> 2006.
92 v];. Fkhhp cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ty;NyFl ,yq;if>
etk;gH 6> 2006.
37
epiyikfspy; ,Ue;J tpl;L tpyfp ,yq;iff;F kPs;jpUk;Gjiyf;
fbdkhf;Ffpd;wJ. xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; jd; xg;ge;j fhyk; KOtJNk
Lghapy; mtuJ Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; LghapYs;s njhopy; KfthpdJk;
fLikahd clypay; hPpjpapyhd J\;gpuNahfq; fSf;Fk; kj;jpapy; gyte;jkhf
ciof;Fk; epiyikapNy gzpahw;wpdhH. ,y;yhtpl;lhy;> mtuhy; mtuJ 10>000
&gha; tl;bAldhd (89 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) 30>000 &gha; (266 mnkhpf;f
nlhyHfs;) flid kPs;nrYj;j KbahjpUe;jpUf;Fk;. mtH $wpdhH> “ehq;fs; vdJ jhahhpd; ,lk; kw;Wk; tPl;il fldpw;fhd gpizAWjpahf
nfhLj;jpUe;Njhk;. ehd; thq;fpapUe;j flid tl;bAld;
kPs;nrYj;jtpy;iyahdhy;> fld;nfhLj;jtH vq;fsJ tPl;il chpikahf;fpf;
nfhs;s ,zq;fpapUe;Njhk;.............. ehd; gzpahw;wpa ,lj;jpy; ehd;
kfpo;r;rpahf ,y;yhjNghJk;> ehd; mq;F ,uz;liu tUlk; gzpahw;wpNdd;.
flid tl;bAld; kPs;nrYj;j Ntz;Lnkd;gij ehd; mwpe;jpUe;Njd;. mj;Jld;
ehd; ,yq;iff;F kPs;jpUk;gp ,q;F NghJkhdsT cioj;J flid kPs;
nrYj;Jtjw;Fk; xU topAk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.”93
rT+jp mNugpahtpy; mtuJ Ntiy nfhs;Nthuhy; ty;YwTf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;l xU
tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;iz ,yq;if kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy;
nra;jJ. ,e;j Ntisapy;> ,r;rk;gtj;jpd; tpisthf fpilj;j gps;isAld;
mtH ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafk; elhj;Jk; XH guhkhpg;G
epiyaj;jpy; jq;fpapUe;jhH. mtuhy; jdJ fztH kw;Wk; ehd;F ,sk;
gps;isfsplKk; jpUk;gpr; nry;y Kbahj epiyapy; ,Ue;jhH.> Vnddpy;
Kjypy;> mtH rT+jp mNugpah tUtjw;fhfg; ngw;w flid kPsr;
nrYj;Jtjw;fhf kPz;Lk; ntspehL nry;tjw;fhd Njitapy; ,Ue;jhH. mtH
$wpdhH> “ehd; ,yq;iff;F kPs;jpUk;gp vdJ FLk;gj;jhUld; xd;W
NrHe;J ,Uf;f KbahkypUg;gJ vdf;Ff; ftiyahf cs;sJ ……….. ehd;
ntspehL nry;tjw;fhf 17>000 &gha;fs; (151 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) fld;
thq;fpNdd;> MapDk; xd;wiu tUl tl;bAld; mJ ,g;NghJ 50>000 &gha;fs;
(444 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) tiu MfpapUf;Fk;. ehd; fpuhkj;jpYs;s xUthplk;
17>000 &gha;fis fldhfg; ngw;Nwd;…. flidr; nrYj;jhky; ehd;
kPs;jpUk;GNtdhapd; mJ XH gpur;rpidahfp tpLk;.”94
rHtNjr njhopy; rl;lq;fs;> njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfspd;
Ml;NrHg;G kw;Wk; NtiyapypLk; NritfSf;fhd fl;lz mwtply;
eltbf;iffspy; fLikahd tiuaiwfis ,l;Ls;sJ. fl;lzk; mwtpLk;
njhopy; KftHfs; kPjhd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgd rkthak; ,y.
96I ,yq;if 1958 Vg;gpuypy; Vw;Wr; rl;ltY mspj;Js;sJ. ,r; rl;lk; mur
93 vr;. re;jphpfhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 4> 2006.
94 Nf. mke;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 4>2006
38
jug;gpd; xU jFjp tha;e;j mjpfhhpahy; jPHkhdpf;fg;gLk; xU fhy
ml;ltizapDs; fl;lzk; mwtpLk; KftHfs; gbg;gbahf
ePf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lnkd Ntz;LfpwJ. mj;Jld; ,yhg Nehf;fpyhd
Ntiytha;g;G KftHfs; kw;Wk; Vida ,ilj; jufHfSk; “rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;L jFjp tha;e;j mjpfhhpahy; mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;l fl;lz tpfpj msTfspd;gbNa” fl;lzq;fis mwtpl KbAnkdTk; Ntz;LfpwJ
95 Ml;NrHg;G nryTfis
<Lnra;tjw;fhf Ntjdq;fspypUe;J fopTfis Nkw;nfhs;tJ rHtNjrr;
rl;lj;jpd; fPOk; jil nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,yq;if kw;Wk; nygdhd; ehLfshy;
mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;L rl;l tYtspf;fg;gl;l Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G kPjhd rHtNjr
njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; rkthak; ,y. 95> “njhopy; tha;g;ig ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tij my;yJ jf;f itj;Jf; nfhs;tij cWjp nra;Ak; Nehf;fpy; XH
njhopyhshpdhy; mtuJ Ntiy nfhs;NthUf;F my;yJ mtuJ gpujpepjpf;F
my;yJ ahNuDk; ,ilj;jufHfSf;F (njhopy; xg;ge;jf;fhuH my;yJ Ml;NrHg;G
KftH Nghd;w) NeubahfNth my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth Ntjdj;jpypUe;J
VNjDk; fopg;ig Nkw;nfhs;tJ jil nra;ag;gLk>96 vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
Ntiytha;g;igg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf my;yJ jf;fitj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhff;
fl;lzk; mwtpLk; KftHfSf;F nfhLg;gdTfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf
Ntjdj;jpypUe;J fopTfis Nkw;nfhs;tij rkthak; jil nra;fpwJ.97
95 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; fl;lzk; t#ypf;Fk; njhopy; tha;g;G KftHfs; Fwpj;jhd
rkthak; 96 (jpUj;jpaJ 1949) Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ [_iy 1> 1949> eilKiwapyplg;gl;lJ
[_iy 18> 1951. cWg;Giu 3(1)> 4(1)(b),yhg Nehf;fpyhd fl;lzq;fis mwtpLk;
epWtdq;fis rkthak; gpd;tUkhW tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;JfpwJ. “njhopyhsH my;yJ Ntiy
nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J VNjDk; gzk;rhHe;j my;yJ nghUs;rhHe;j mD$yq;fis NeubahfNth
my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth ngWk; Nehf;NfhL njhopyhsUf;F XH njhopiyg; ngw;Wj; jUk;
my;yJ xU Ntiy nfhs;NthUf;F xU njhopyhsiu toq;Fk; Nehf;fpy; XH ,il
my;yJ ,izg;ig Vw;gLj;Jgtuhfg; gzpahw;Wk; ahNuDk; xU egH> fk;gdp> epWtdk;> KftH
my;yJ NtW epWtdk;”> cWg;Giu 1(1) (a).
96 Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G njhlHghf ftdk; nrYj;Jk; rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgd rkthak; ,y.95>
[_iy 1> 1949 ,y; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;L nrg;nlk;gH 24> 1952 ,y; rl;l tYtpw;Fl;gl;lJ>
cWg;Giu 9. rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; ahg;G tpjpfspd; cWg;Giu 22 ,d; fPo; tpyf;fg;gl
Ntz;Ba njhopyhsH tiffs; gw;wp Fwpg;gpl;L KjyhtJ mwpf;ifia muR rkHg;gpj;jpUe;jhy;
kl;LNk rkthaj;jpd; Vw;ghLfspypUe;J tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsis murhq;fq;fs; tpyf;Ftjw;fhd
XH mDkjpf;fhd Vw;ghl;il rkthak; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. KjyhtJ tUlhe;j mwpf;ifapd;
rkHg;gzj;jpd; gpd;dH Nkyjpf tpyf;fspg;Gfs; mDkjpf;fg;glkhl;lh. cWg;Giu 2(2) (3)
97 rHtNjr njhopyhsH fUj;juq;F> Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G rkthak; (,y.95) kw;Wk; Ntjdg;
ghJfhg;Gg; ghpe;Jiufs; (,y.85)> 1949 Fwpj;jhd mwpf;iffspd; nghJthd kjpg;gha;T@
rkthaq;fspd; gpuNahfk; kw;Wk; ghpe;Jiufs; kPjhd epGzHfs; FO mwpf;if (rkthaj;jpd;
cWg;Giufs; 19> 22 kw;Wk; 35)> mwpf;if III gFjp 1(B) > 91tJ mkHT (n[dPth:rHtNjr
njhopy; ];jhgdk;> 2003)> http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc91/pdf/rep-iii-1b.pdf (accessed June 1, 2007), p. 145, para 276.
39
Ml;NrHg;G kw;Wk; Ml;flj;Jjypy; Vkhw;Wjy; kw;Wk; jfty;fs;
toq;fhik
XH %jhl;biaf; ftdpj;J gzptpil nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;Nw
KftH vdf;Ff; $wpdhH> Mdhy; ehd; mq;F NghdJk; (rT+jp
mNugpah) ehd;F tPLfSf;F Ntiy nra;aNtz;Lk; d;wwpe;Njd;.
ehd;F tPLfSf;fhf Ntiy nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;gij ehd;
Kjypy; mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. mj;Jld; mjpy; xU tPl;bypUe;J
kl;LNk XH khjj;jpw;nfd 400 hpahy;fs; (107 mnkhpf;f
nlhyHfs;) Ntjdj;ijg; ngWfpNwd; ........ KftH vd;id
Vkhw;wpapUf;fpwhH.98
—vt;. E}H> taJ 36> rt+jp mNugpahtpy; XH tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz;zhf gzpahw;wpatH
kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshf ,yq;ifg; ngz;fis Ml;NrHf;Fk;
njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; MfpNahH Ntiy nra;atpUf;Fk;
ehL> mtHfs; vjpHghHf;Fk; njhopy; epge;jidfs; kw;Wk; mtHfs;
ngwtpUf;Fk; Ntjdk; gw;wp toikahf ngha; thf;Fwjpfis mspg;gjhf
gzpahsHfs; vkf;Ff; $wpdhHfs;. Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz
KftHfs; Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; ngz; gzpahsHfSf;F mtHfsJ gzp gw;wpa
nghWg;Gf;fs;> mtHfsJ Ntjdk; my;yJ chpikfs; gw;wp mNefk;
KOikahd jfty;fis mspf;fj; jtWtjhfTk; gzpahsHfs; vkf;Ff;
$wpdhHfs;. 2004 ,y;> ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpaf Ml;NrHg;G
KftHfSf;nfjpuhf Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsplkpUe;J Gyk;ngauYf;F
Kd;djhd 1112 Kiwg;ghLfisg; ngw;wJ.99 Ml;NrHg;Gr; nray;Kiwfspd;
Nghjhd Vkhw;Wjy; kw;Wk; jfty;fs; toq;fhik vd;gd Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfisr; Ruz;ly; kw;Wk; fl;lha Ntiy kw;Wk; Ml;flj;jYf;F
MshFk; mghaj;jpypLfpwJ.
njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; ngz; gzpahsHfsJ cz;ikahd
njhopy; nra;Akplk; Fwpj;J Vkhw;wpa gy rk;gtq;fis kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfk; Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,e;jr; rk;gtq;fspy; KftHfs; kw;Wk;
Jiz KftHfs; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfSf;F mtHfs; Fitj;> If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; my;yJ nygdhdpy; gzpahw;WthHfs; vd thf;FWjp
mspj;Jg; gpd;dH mtHfis
rT+jp mNugpahtpNyNa gzpf;fhd Vw;ghLfisr; nra;jJ. rT+jp mNugpahtpy;
Jd;GWj;Jk; Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J mz;ikapy; jg;gp te;j XH tPl;Lg;
98 vt;.E}H ,d; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. mj;jdfy;y> ,yq;if etk;gH
8> 2006.
99 ,yq;if kdpj chpikfs; Mizf;FOtpd;> Gyk;ngaUk; ngz; njhopyhsHfspd;
chpikfs; kPjhd FOtpd; mwpf;if. (,yq;if kdpj chpikfs; Mizf;FO> nfhOk;G> 2005)
g. 36.
40
gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “Lgha;f;F ehd; nry;yg; Nghtjpy;iy vd;gJ vdf;Fj;
njhpahJ> ehd; ,ij Gwg;gl;l jpdj;jd;Nw mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;. mtHfs;
vd;dplk; tpkhdg; gazr;rPl;ilf; nfhLj;j nghONj ehd; hpahj; Nghtij
mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;”100 vd;whH.
XH 18 taJ tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; $wpdhH> njhopy; KftH vdf;F Lghapy;
njhopy; ngw;Wj; jUtjhf rk;kjpj;j NghjpYk;> ehd; rT+jp mNugpahtpw;Nf
mDg;gg;gl;Nld;: “ehd; Lgha; Nghtjw;fhfj;jhd; 22>000 &gha;fis KftUf;Fr;
nrYj;jpNdd;> Mdhy; mtNuh vd;id rT+jp mNugpahtpw;F mDg;gp tpl;lhH>
mtH vd;id Vkhw;wp tpl;lhH.”101 ,e;j Nkhrb NtiyfSf;F gpd;dhy; ,yhg
Nehf;fk; xd;W kl;LNk ,Ug;gjhfj; njhpfpwJ. rT+jp mNugpahTf;Fg;
ngz;fisj; njhopYf;fhf Ml;NrHg;gjpy; njhopy; KftHfs;
$Ljy; ,yhgj;ijr; rk;ghjpf;fpd;wdH. Vnddpy; rT+jp mNugpahtpYs;s
Ntiynfhs;Nthh; $Ljyhd Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzq;fisr;
nrYj;Jfpd;wdH.102 ,yq;ifapYs;s njhopy; KftHfs; rT+jp mNugpahtpy;
gzpGhptjw;fhf xU tPl;;Lg; gzpahsuhf Ml;NrHf;ifapy; 800-1000 tiuapyhd
mnkhpf;f nlhyHfisg; ngWtJld;> Vida ehLfSf;fhf Ml;NrHg;gijtpl
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthd mjpfhpj;j ,yhgj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wdH.103 rT+jp
mNugpahtpw;fhfg; ngz;fis Ml;NrHf;Fk; nghOJ Jiz KftHfs; ngWk;
juFg; gzk;> If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpw;fhf Ml;NrHf;ifapy; fpilf;Fk;
juFg; gzj;jpidtpl 7-9 klq;F $LjyhfTk;> nygdhd; ehl;Lf;fhff;
fpilf;Fk; juFg; gzj;ijtpl 3-5 klq;f $LjyhfTk; kw;Wk; Fitj;
ehl;bw;fhff; fpilf;Fk; juFg; gzj;jpidtpl 2-4 klq;F $LjyhfTk;
cs;sJ.104 gzpg;ngz; gzp nra;atpUf;Fk;
100 gp. ,e;jpuhzpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> hpahj;> rT+jp
mNugpah> brk;gH 15> 2006.
101 v];. gj;khTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 1> 2006.
102 V. yj;jPg;> njhopy; KftH> my; mf;fPk; vd;ugpiur];(jdpahH) epWtdKldhd kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006@ Xa;T ngw;w
njhopy; KftUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy; (ngaH
kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006: ,yq;if ntspehl;L
Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;jpd; CopaH xUtUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;(ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) FUehfy; khtl;lk;> ,yq;if etk;gH 5> 2006.
103 my;̀ h[; A.hp.vk;. md;tH> ALFEA> cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 31> 2006@ ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg;
gzpaf CopaUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;(ngaH
kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) FUehfy; khtl;lk;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5> 2006.
104 vd;.V. gphpauj;d> Jiz KftUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 4> 2006@ ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpaf ntspehl;L
Ntiytha;g;Gf;fhd tUlhe;jg; Gs;sptpguk; 2005> g.65: ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg;
gzpaf CopaUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;(ngaH iwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)
FUehfy; khtl;lk;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5> 2006.
41
ehl;ilg; gw;wpa Nkhrbf;F ,yhg Nehf;fNk fhuznkd xU njhopy; KftH
Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH: “xU gzpg;ngz; X ehl;Lf;Fg; Nghf Ntz;Lnkd
tpUk;gyhk;> Mdhy; Jiz KftNuh $Ljy; ,yhgj;jpw;fhf mtH Y
ehl;bw;Fj;jhd; NghfNtz;Lnkd epidg;ghH. mjdhy; mtH ey;yNjh>
nfl;lNjh VNjDk; xU topapy; Vkhw;wp gzpg;ngz;iz me;j ehl;bw;Nf (Y)
mDg;GthH.105
Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; Gyk;ngaUk; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfsplk; mtHfsJ Ntiy epge;jidfs; gw;wp mNefk; jtwhd
jfty;fisNa mspf;fpd;wdH. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Fr; rpy
gzpg;ngz;fs; $wpdhHfs;> KftHfs; my;yJ Jiz KftHfs; ehnshd;Wf;F
vl;L kzpj;jpahyq;fs; Ntiy my;yJ thuj;jpy; xUehs; Xa;Ts;s Ntiy
epge;jidfs; vd thf;FWjp mspj;jdH> vdpDk; kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j ve;jnthU tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSk; ,e;j
epge;jidfs; eilKiwapy; ,Ue;jjhfj; njhptpf;ftpy;iy. MH. rj;jp
$Wifapy;> “Jiz KftH kw;Wk; KftH Mfpa ,UtUNk vd;dplk;
nghJthf ehSf;F vl;L kzpj;jpahyq;fs; Ntiy nra;a Ntz;Lk;> Mdhy;
rpyrkaq;fspNyNa mjpf Neuk; Ntiy nra;a Ntz;bapUf;Fk; vdf;
$wpdhHfs;”106 vd;whH. Mdhy; eilKiwapy; rj;jp ehshe;jk; 14-18
kzpj;jpahyq;fs; Ntiy nra;jhH. kw;WNkhH tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;>
jdJ KftH nygdhdpy; Ntiy epge;jidfs; gw;wp Vkhw;wpajhf vk;kplk; $w
ehd; $wpNdd;. Mdhy; mtHfs; mjid vdf;Fj; jutpy;iy. ‘cd
pdhH:”KftH $wpdhH Qhapw;Wf;fpoik vdf;F NtiyapypUe;J Xa;T vLj;Jf;
nfhs;s KbAnkd> MapDk; vdf;F Xa;Tehs; vJTk; fpilf;ftpy;iy. ehd;
vdJ Ntiy nfhs;NthNuhL Kuz;gl;Nld;> “vdf;F xU ehs; Xa;T Ntz;Lnkd”f;F tpLKiw ehs; fpilahJ> KftH cdf;Fg; ngha;
$wpAs;shHfs;’> vd mtHfs; vdf;Fr; nrhd;dhHfs;.107 kw;iwa re;jHg;gq;fspy;
njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk;
Jiz KftHfs; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fsJ gzpg; nghWg;Gf;fs; gw;wpg; ngha;ahd
thf;FWjpfs; mspj;J> tPl;bYs;stHfsJ njhif gw;wp my;yJ mtHfsJ
gzp Foe;ijfisg; guhkhpg;gJ vdf; $wp Vkhw;Wfpd;wdH. Fitj; ehl;by;
gaq;fukhd cly; hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fis mDgtpj;j XH tPl;Lg;
gzpahsuhd N[. yf;kpdp $Wifapy;> Jiz KftH vdf;F tPl;L Ntiyfis
105 `rhk; <. yj;jPg;> njhopy; KftH> my; mf;fPk; vd;ugpiur];(jdpahH) epWtdk;
FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006.
106 MH. rj;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;;> ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 15>2006.
107 MH. cNgf;\hTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> tshFNl> ,yq;if
etk;gH 6>2006.
42
kl;Lk; nra;jhy; NghJk; vd thf;FWjp mspj;jhH> Mdhy; ehd; rikay; kw;Wk;
Foe;ijfisAk; guhkhpf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. vy;yh NtiyfisAk; ehNd
nra;a Ntz;bapUe;jJ.”108
,d;DNkhH re;jHg;gj;jpy; 26 taJila lgps;A+. nry;tFkhhp $Wifapy;>
“Jiz KftH $wpdhH> Ntiy nfhs;NthuJ tPl;by; %d;W NgHfNs
cs;sdH. ,e;j ,lk; ey;yJ vd;whH. Mdhy; cz;ikapy; me;j tPl;by; VO
NgH ,Ue;jdH. mj;Jld; mq;fpUe;j gps;isfSk; ey;ytHfs; my;yH.”109 vd;whH.
NkYnkhU rk;gtj;jpy;> XH njhopy; KftH [p. rpj;jpuhit> mtH rT+jp
mNugpahtpy; gzpGhpag; NghFk; tPl;bd; FLk;g msT gw;wpg; ngha;ahd
jftypidf; $wpapUe;jhH. mtH $wpdhH> “,q;F ehd; xU FLk;gj;jpw;Nf gzpahw;w te;Njd;> Mdhy; me;j tPl;by; %d;W FLk;gq;fs; ,Ue;jd.”110 [p. rpj;jpuhtpd; KftH> mtuJ Ntiyg;gO kw;Wk; Ntjdk; gw;wpAk; ngha;
thf;FWjp msp;j;jpUe;jhH@ thf;FWjpaspf;fg;gl;lJ Nghd;W mtUf;F Xa;Tehs;
fpilf;fNtapy;iy. mj;Jld; njhopy; KftH cj;juthjk; nfhLj;j
Ntjdj;jpd; %d;wpy; ,uz;L gq;if kl;LNk ngw;whH. mDkjp ngw;w XH
njhopy; KftH> Jiz KftHfs; ,t;tpjkhd Vkhw;W Ml;NrHg;G
eltbf;iffspy; <LgLtjhf xj;Jf; nfhz;ldH. mtH $Wifapy;> “Jiz
KftH ngha; $WtJjhd; ,q;F gpur;rpid. mtH gzpg;ngz;zplk;> ,e;j
Ntiy nfhs;Nthhpw;F ,uz;L gps;isfNs cs;sdH> Rj;jpfhpg;gjw;F gy
miwfs; ,Ue;jhYk;> ,uz;L miwfs; kl;LNk cs;snjd ngha; $WthH”111 vd;whH.
mNefkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy;> njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfSf;F mtHfs; cz;ikapy; ngWk; Ntjdj;jpid tpl mjpfkhd
Ntjdj;ijNa thf;FWjp mspg;ghHfs;. Fitj; kw;wk; rT+jp mNugpahtpy; Ie;J
jlitfs; gzpahw;wpa xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH $Wifapy;> filrpj; jlitahf
2005 ,y; rT+jp mNugpahtpw;Fg; Gyk; ngaHtjw;F Kd;dH> “KftH $wpdhH
vdJ Ntjdk; 500 wpahy;fs; vd (133 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;)> vdpDk; ehd;
mq;F NghdnghOJ vdf;f 400 wpahy;fNs (107 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;)
jug;gl;lJ...... ehd; vdJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhplk; Vd; 500
wpahy;fs; ,y;iynadf; Nfl;lnghOJ> Ntiynfhs;NthH xU Gj;jfk; Nghd;w
xd;iwf; fhl;b> “ehd; ,jpYs;s njhifia kl;Lk;jhd; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.
108 N[. yf;kpdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 9> 2006.
109 lgps;A+. nry;tFkhhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 9> 2006.
110 [p. rpj;jpuhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> wpahj;> rT+jp mNugpah>
brk;gH 6> 2006.
111 `rhk; V yj;jPg;> njhopy; KftH> my; mf;fPk; vd;ugpiur];(jdpahH) epWtdj;Jldhd kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006.
43
cdJ KftH cd;dplk; ngha; $wpapUf;fpwhd;”> vd;whH.112 ,yq;ifapYs;s
KftHfs;> njhopy; xg;ge;jj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; Ntjdj;ijtpl cz;ikapy;
toq;fg;gLk; Ntjdq;fs; FiwthdJ vd;gij jhq;fs; mwpe;jpUg;gjhf
njhptpj;jhHfs;.113 ,yq;ifapd; njhopy;rhH njhopy; KftHfs; rk;Nksdj;jpd;
jiytH Ntjdk; gw;wpa Nkhrb nghJthff; fhzg;gLtij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH:
“xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zpd; Ntjdk; 125 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfshf ,Uf;Fk;>
Mdhy; Jiz KftH mg;gzpg;ngz;zpw;fhd Ntjdk; 150 my;yJ 200
mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; vdf; $WtH”> vd;whH.114
Vida re;jHg;gq;fspy;> Jiz KftHfs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsplk; mtHfs;
ngwtpUf;Fk; Ntjdk; gw;wp ngha; thf;FWjpfs; mspg;gjhFk;. ,J tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfsJ gaz Vw;ghLfs; G+Hj;jpahdjd; gpd;dNu mtHfsJ
cz;ikahd Ntjdk; FiwthdJ vdj; njhptpg;gH. cjhuzj;jpw;F> If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd;> Lghapy; gzpahw;wpa 28 taJila XU tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz; $wpajhtJ> “vdf;F khjj;jpw;F 750 buhk;fs; (204 mnkhpf;f
nlhyHfs;) Ntjdkhfj; jug;gLk; vd cWjpaspj;jhH ...... Gwg;gLk; jpdj;jd;W
Jiz KftH njhopy; xg;ge;jk; kw;Wk; tpkhdg; gazr;rPl;ilf; nfhz;L te;J
je;j nghONj> vdf;F Ntjdkhf 450 buhk;fs; kl;LNk (123 mnkhpf;f
nlhyHfs;) jug;gLk; vd mwpe;J nfhz;Nld; .......> ehd;
mthplk; Vd; vdf;F 750 buhk;fs; Ntjdkhfj; jug;gLnkd cWjpaspj;jha;
vdf; Nfl;L> ,UtUk; thf;Fthjj;jpy; <Lgl;Nlhk;. vdpDk; gazr;rPl;Lf;fhd
fl;lzk; nrYj;jg;gl;bUe;jjhy; NtW topapd;wp ehd; gazpf;f Ntz;bajhfp
tpl;lJ.”115 mtUf;F 450 buhk;fs; kl;LNk Ntjdkhf toq;fg;gl;lJ.
njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; rpy rkaq;fspy; gzpg;ngz;Zf;Fj;
njhpahj nkhopfspy; njhopy; xg;ge;jj;jpid vOjp mjidg; gad;gLj;jpAk;
Vkhw;Wfpd;wdH. ,d;Dk; rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz
KftHfs; njhopy; xg;ge;jj;jpy; Ntjdj;ijg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; rpy gFjpfis
kl;LNk gzpahsH Ghpe;J nfhs;sf; $ba nkhopapy; nkhopngaHj;J
itj;jpUg;gH. NtW rpy rkaq;fspy;> ,yq;ifapy; itj;J xg;ge;jk;
112 v];. rpj;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> jpfhhp> ,yq;if> etk;gH
8> 2006.
113 `rhk; V yj;jPg;> njhopy; KftH> my; mf;fPk; vd;ugpiur];(jdpahH) epWtdj;Jldhd kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006. mtH
$Wifapy;> “rT+jp mNugpahtpy; cj;jpNahfG+Htkhf Ntjdk; 450-500 rT+jp hpahy;fs;.
cz;ikapy; mtHfs; 400 hpahy;fisNa ngw;wdH. Mdhy; mDgtk; nfhz;l gzpahsHfs; 450
hpahy;fisg; ngWtH”> vd;whH.
114 my;̀ h[; A.hp.vk;. md;tPUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ALFEA>
nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 31> 2006.
115 gp. rtpe;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> nfhOk;G>
etk;gH 4> 2006.
44
ifr;rhj;jpl;bUe;jhYk; $l mtHfs; kj;jpa fpof;if te;jile;jJk; GjpaNjhH
xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifr;rhj;jply; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j midj;Jr; re;jHg;gq;fspYk;
xg;ge;jq;fs; mNugpa nkhopapNyNa ,Ug;gJld;> gzpahsHfSf;F xg;ge;jj;jpd;
gpujpnaJTk; toq;fg;gLtJkpy;iy. ,jdhy; gzpahsh;fSf;F tha;%ykhf
cWjpaspf;fg;gl;l epge;jidfSk;> gzpahsHfs; ifnahg;gkpl;l %y
xg;ge;jj;jpd; epge;jidfSk; xd;Wjhd; vd;gjidg; gpd;dH cWjp nra;J
nfhs;tjpy; rpf;fy;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wJ.
vr;. re;jphpf;fh tpghpf;ifapy;> “mq;Fs;s KftH (Lgha;) vdf;F xU
Mtzj;ijf; fhl;b vdJ Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;jhd xg;ge;jk; vd;Wk; mjpy;
ifnahg;gkpLk;gbAk; $wpdhH. ehDk; mjpy; ifnahg;gkpl;Nld;. mJ mNugpa
nkhopapy; ,Ue;jJ> mjpy; cs;sJ vd;dntd;W vdf;Fj; njhpahJ. Lgha;f;F
te;jJk; mtHfs; tpkhd epiyaj;jpw;F te;J vd;id Kfthplk; mioj;J
nrd;W xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnahg;gkpl itj;jdH> ,itnay;yhk; xNu ehspy;
eilngw;wd. xg;ge;jj;jpYs;s epge;jidfs; gw;wp vdf;F vJTk; $wtpy;iy.
vdf;F xU gpujpiaf; $lj; jutpy;iy........ ehd; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;dH Jiz
KftH vd;dplk; $wpdhH> khjnkhd;Wf;F vdf;F 500 buhk;fs; (136 mnkhpf;f
nlhyHfs;) jug;gLnkd;W> Mdhy; vdf;F khjj;jpw;F 400 buhk;fNs (109
mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) jug;gl;ld.”116
Nkhrb nra;ag;gl;L Ml;NrHf;fg;gLjy; kw;Wk; Nghjpa jfty;fspy;yhjpUg;gJk;>
Ruz;ly;fSf;fhshFtjw;F Jiz epw;gJld; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshf mtHfs;
kpff; Fiwe;j Nguk; NgRe;jpwidNa nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH. rT+jp mNugpahtpw;Fg;
Gyk;ngaHtjw;F Kd;dH Fitj; ehl;by; gzpGhpe;j xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH
$Wifapy;> “ehd; ,yq;ifia tpl;Lg; Gwg;gl Kd;dH> rT+jp
mNugpahtpy; ,t;tpjkpUf;Fk; vd vdf;Fj; njhpahJ ......... vdJ KftH
vd;dplk; vjidAk; njhptpf;ftpy;iy.”117 rT+jp mNugpahtpy; mtH Xa;tpy;yhj
kpFe;j Ntiyr;Rik> gyte;jkhf milj;J itj;jy; kw;Wk; tha;thHj;ij
%ykhd J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F MshfpdhH. ,d;DnkhU rk;gtj;jpy;> [p. kfpok;
vd;gtuJ Jiz KftH kw;Wk; KftHfs; mtH rT+jp mNugpahtpw;Fg;
Gyk;ngaHtjw;F Kd;dH mtuJ Ntjdk; gw;wp mwptpf;ftpy;iy my;yJ xU
njhopy; xg;ge;jj;ij toq;ftpy;iy. mtH Ntiy nra;j Njapiyj;
Njhl;lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;w Jiz KftH> “eP NghFkplk; kpfTk; ey;y ,lk;” vd;W kl;LNk $wpdhH:
ehd; rT+jp mNugpahtpw;F te;j gpd;dH> vdJ Ntiy nfhs;gtH
vdJ Ntjdk; 400 hpahy;fs; (107 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) vd;W
116 vr;. re;jphpf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 4>2006.
117 gp. ead;bdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> uk;Ng> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 5> 2006.
45
$wpa gpd;dNu> mij ehd; mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;. ,J
NghJkhdjy;y> ,e;j Ntjdk; vdJ gps;isfspd; gbg;G kw;Wk;
rhg;ghL Nghd;wtw;Wf;Fg; NghjhJ. ehd; Ntjdj;ijf; $l;bj;
jUkhW Nfl;Nld;@ vdJ Ntiy nfhs;NthH mjw;F kWj;jJld;
vd;id ,yq;iff;Fg; Ngha; jpUk;gp tUkhWk;> me;j rkaj;jpy;
mtHfs; Ntjdj;ij mjpfhpg;gjhfTk; $wpdhHfs;.... ,yq;ifia
tpl;Lg; Gwg;gl Kd;dH vdf;F vt;tsT Ntjdk; fpilf;Fk; vd;gJ
gw;wp vdf;F vJTk; njhpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy.118
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j mNefkhd tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs;> jhq;fs; xUNghJk; njhopy; xg;ge;jnkhd;wpy;
ifnahg;gkpl;ljhfNth my;yJ mjd; gpujpnahd;W jq;fSf;F
toq;fg;gl;ljhfNth njhptpf;ftpy;iy. nghJthf Jiz KftHfs; njhopy;
xg;ge;jq;fis toq;Ftjpy;iy@ nghJtpy; mDkjp ngw;w KftHfs;
mYtyfq;fspNyNa Gyk;ngaUk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhopy; xg;ge;jj;jpy;
ifr;rhj;jpLtH. gpuahz Vw;ghLfisf; ifahSk; KftNuhL Neubahfr;
re;jpf;fhj tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mNefk; njhopy; xg;ge;jj;jpy;
ifr;rhj;jpLtNjapy;iy.119
nygdhd; ehl;Lf;Fg; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsuhd W. Rre;jpf;fh
$Wifapy;> “vdJ Kfthplk;> ehd; xg;ge;jk; xd;wpy; ifnahg;gkpl Ntz;Lkh
vdf; Nfl;Nld;. mjw;F mtH> ftiyg;gl Ntz;lhk;. ehd; midj;ijAk;
Ntiynfhs;NthNuhL Vw;ghL nra;J nfhs;fpd;Nwd;> gag;gl Ntz;lhk;> vdJ
Ntjdk; 125 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;@ VNjDk; gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gl;lhy;
njhiyNgrpapy; mioj;Jf; $Wq;fs;. ehq;fs; mijj; jPHj;J itg;Nghk;” vd;whH. mth; jd; %yk; Gyk;ngaHe;j midj;J tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;Fkhd
njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fis jhNd ifnaOj;jpl;ljhff; $wpdhH..... ehd;
Vkhw;wg;gl;lhy; vd;d nra;tJ vd;W mtiu ehd; kPz;Lk; tpdtpNdd;. mjw;F
mtH mg;gb vJTk; eilngwhJ vd;W $wpdhH.”120 Mdhy; eilKiwapy; w.
Rre;jpfhTf;F 100 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; kl;LNk khjnkhd;Wf;F Ntjdkhff;
nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.
Vida re;jHg;gq;fspy; Ntiy nra;Ak; ehl;by; mtHfsJ chpikfs; gw;wp
Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; my;yJ Jiz KftHfs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F
jtwhd jfty;fis mspf;fpd;wdH. nygdhdpw;Fg; Gyk;ngaHe;;j XH tPl;Lg;
118 [p. kfpoj;Jldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> k];nfypah> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 13> 2006.
119 igrhy; rkj;Jldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if> xf;Nlhgh; 30> 2006.
120 lgps;A+. Rre;jpfhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if> etk;gH 15> 2006.
46
gzpahsH $Wifapy;> “Jiz KftH my;yJ KftH Mfpa ,UtUNk...
Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J khWtjw;F my;yJ tpl;L tpyFtjw;fhd vdJ
chpikfs; gw;wpf; $wtpy;iy.... mtHfs; nrhd;dhHfs; xg;ge;j fhykhd 2
tUlq;fs; kw;Wk; 90 ehl;fs; Kbtiltjw;F Kd;dH vd;dhy; ehL jpUk;g
KbahJ vd;W kl;Lk; $wpdhHfs;. Ntnwe;j tpsf;fKk; ,y;iy.”121 vd;whH. Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; my;yJ Jiz KftHfs; rpyrkaq;fspy; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfsplk; Ntiy xg;ge;jk; G+Hj;jpahtjw;F Kd;dk; mjid
Kwpj;J ,yq;if jpUk;Gtjw;fhd mtHfsJ chpikiaf; iftpLtjhff; $Wk;
xU cj;juthjj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpLk;gb Ntz;Lfpd;wdH. ,e;j nghWg;ngLj;jy;
cj;juthjk; Ntiy xg;ge;jj;jpypUe;J jdpahdit. Fitj; ehl;bw;Fr; nrd;w
vk;. bypNdf;fh vDk; Gyk;ngaHe;j gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “KftH
epWtdj;jpy; ehd; xU fhfpjj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;Nld;> mjpy; ehd; rpy
f\;lq;fis vjpH Nehf;fpdhYk; xg;ge;j fhyk; KbTWk;tiu ehd; mq;F
jq;fpapUg;Ngd; vd;Wk; vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk; vdJ KftH
vd;idj; jpUg;gp miof;fkhl;lhH vdTk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdJ flikfs;
my;yJ Ntjdk; gw;wpa jfty;fisf; nfhz;l Ntnwe;j Mtzq;fspYk; ehd;
ifnaOj;J ,ltpy;iy.”122
Ml;NrHg;gpd; Nghjhd rpy Nkhrbahd ,r;rk;gtq;fs; tYf;fl;lha
NtiyfSf;fhd Ml;flj;jypw;F xg;ghdjhFk;.123 Gyk;ngaHjy;
eltbf;iffspy; ,e;jg; gyg;gpuNahfk;> gyte;jg;gLj;jy; my;yJ Vkhw;Wjy;
vd;gd rpy fl;lq;fspy; Ml;flj;jYf;fhd jd;ikfisf; nfhz;bUe;jd. ,e;j
Vkhw;Wr; rk;gtq;fs; rl;lG+Htkhd Ml;NrHg;G eltbf;iffspd; NghJ
eilngw;whYk; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; Mtzg;gLj;jpa rpy
121 MH. rj;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 15> 2006.
122 vk;. bnydpf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;
khtl;lk;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5. 2006.
123 egHfis tpNrlkhf ngz;fs; kw;Wk; rpWtHfis Ml;flj;Jtij jLj;jy;> fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
kw;Wk; jz;bj;jYf;fhd If;fpa ehLfspd; tiuNtL Ml;flj;jiy> “Ruz;Ljy; Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf
Ml;fis mr;RWj;jp my;yJ gyj;ijg; gpuNahfpj;J my;yJ tYf;fl;lhag;gLj;jy; Kiwfshd
flj;Jjy;> Nkhrb> Vkhw;Wjy;> mjpfhu J\;gpuNahfk; my;yJ eypTw;w epiy my;yJ
,d;DNkhH egH Nky; fl;Lg;ghl;ilf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; xUtUf;Ff; nfhLg;gdT my;yJ
ed;ikfis msp;j;jy; my;yJ ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; Nghd;w topfshy; Ml;NrHj;jy;> nfhz;L
nry;yy;> ,lk; khw;Wjy;> ,lkspj;jy; my;yJ egHfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; vd
tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;JfpwJ. egHfis tpNrlkhf ngz;fs; kw;Wk; rpWtHfis Ml;flj;Jtij
jLj;jy;> fl;Lg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; jz;bj;jYf;fhd tiuNtL ehL;fSf;fpilapy; jpl;lkpl;L
eilngWk; Fw;wq;fs; (Ml;flj;jy; tiuNtL) kPjhd If;fpa ehLfspd; rkthaj;jpw;F
MjhukhfTs;sJ. cUthf;fk; etk;gH 15> 2000 ngh.r jPHkhdk; 55/25 gpw;NrHf;if II, 55 GADR Supp.(No.49) at 60 I. eh. Mtzk; A/45/49 (vol.1) (2001) eilKiwf;F ,lg;gl;lJ. brk;gH
25>2003> 1995 ,d; Fw;wtpay; Nfhitr; rl;lj;jpw;fhd XH jpUj;jj;jpd; gpd cWg;Giu 3(a) ,yq;ifr; rl;lk; Ml;flj;jiy jil nra;fpd;wJ. Fw;wtpay; Nfhit ,y.2> 1883> gphpT 360(c) Fw;wtpay; Nfhit jpUj;jr; rl;lk; ,y.22> 1995.
47
rk;gtq;fs; Ml;flj;jypd; tiutpyf;fzq;fNshL xj;jpzq;Ffpd;wJ. Ml;NrHg;G
eltbf;iffspd; Nghjhd Vkhw;Wjy; my;yJ gyte;jg;gLj;jy;> flid
cUthf;Fk; caHe;j Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzk;> Gyk;ngaHe;jtH kw;Wk; gzpahsh;
xUtuJ chpikfs; gw;wpa jtwhd jfty;fs; kw;Wk; njhopy; nra;Ak;
ehLfspy; rl;lg; ghJfhg;gpd;ik vd;gd Ml;flj;jy; mr;RWj;jy;
kw;Wk; ,t;twpf;ifapd; gpw;gFjpapy; Mtzg;gLj;jpaik Nghd;W Ntiyj;jy
J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F ,g;Gyk;ngaH gzpg;ngz;fis ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
rl;lG+Ht Ml;NrHg;G %ykhd Ml;flj;jy; rk;gtq;fspy; ngz; gzpahsHfs;
Gyk;ngaHtjw;Fj; jPHkhdpj;j gpd;dH KftHfs; mtHfSf;F gpioahd
jfty;fis toq;fyhk;> Vkhw;wyhk; my;yJ gyte;jg;gLj;jyhk;. mj;Jld;
Ml;flj;jg;gLk; ngz;fs; mtHfsJ gzpnra;Ak; ,lq;fSf;F mDg;gg;gl;lJk;
Ntiyj;jyq;fspy; ngUk; J\;gpuNahfq;fis mDgtpf;fpd;wdH.
cjhuzkhf ,yq;ifapy; Nghhpdhy; rpijtile;j tlf;Fg; gpuNjrj;jpypUe;jhd
xU jha;> taJ 24> V. gputPdh jdJ MW taJf; Foe;ij kw;Wk; FLk;gj;ij
tpl;L ePz;l fhykhfg; gphpe;jpUe;jhH. rT+jp mNugpahtpy; xU tPl;Lg;
gzpahsuhfg; gzpahw;wpa gpd;dH ,yq;iff;F jpUk;gpa mtH ,e;jpahtpYs;s
mtuJ FLk;gj;jhNuhL xd;WNru tpUk;gpdhH. Mdhy; mtH rT+jp mNugpahtpy;
kPz;Lk; gzpahw;Wtjw;F Vkhw;wg;gl;L mq;F xd;wiu tUlq;fs; fl;lha
Ntiy epiyikfspd; fPo; gzpahw;wpdhH. mtH tpghpf;ifapy;@ Nk khjk;
2004,y; ehd; ,yq;if jpUk;gpaNghJ vdf;F ,q;F xUtUk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
ehd; tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; xU ngz;kzpiar; re;jpj;Njd;. mtH vdf;F tprh
mDkjpiag; ngw;Wj; juKbAnkd thf;FWjp mspj;J> vdJ flTr;rPl;L>
gznkd midj;ijAk; vLj;J itj;Jf; nfhz;lhH..... ehd; rT+jp
mNugpahtpw;F jpUk;gTk; mDg;gp itf;fg;glg; NghfpNwd; vd vdf;Fj; njhpahJ.
mj;Jld; mjpy; vdf;F tpUg;gKkpy;iy. me;jg; ngz;kzp midj;J
Vw;ghLfisAk; nra;jhH. ehq;fs; tpkhd epiyaj;ij mile;jJk; vdJ
flTr;rPl;il mtH vd;dplk; jutpy;iy. tpkhd epiyaj;jpd; fUkgPlj;jpypUe;j
XH Mz; $wpdhH> “eP rT+jp mNugpahtpw;Fg; Nghfpd;wha;> ,e;jpahtpw;F my;y”. tpkhd epiyaf; fUkgPlj;ij mile;j gpd;dH xd;Wk; nra;a KbahJ – jpUk;gpr; nry;yTk; KbahJ. vdf;F tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; cjtf; $ba
cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; vtiuAk; njhpahJ. rT+jp mNugpahtpypUe;j vdJ
Ntiynfhs;Nthuhd v[khdpAk; vd;idj; jpUg;gp mDg;g kWj;J tpl;lhH....
vd;dhy; ntspNawNt Kbatpy;iy vd;gJld; ehd; Nfl;lnghOJ ,y;iynad
kWg;Gj; njhptpf;fg;gl;L vd;idg; G+l;b itj;jhHfs;.124
,d;DNkhH rk;gtj;jpy;> Fitj;jpy; vt;. E}H vDk; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zpd;
v[khd;> 20 NgH nfhz;l FLk;gj;jpw;fhd rikay; kw;Wk; mtuJ Ie;J khbf;
fl;blj;ijr; Rj;jk; nra;jy; vd;gjw;Fk; Nkyjpfkhf mtuJ NjePHr; rhiyapy;
thbf;ifahsHfSf;F NjePH kw;Wk; Nfhg;gp ghpkhWjYk;
124 V. gputPdhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 1> 2006.
48
Ntz;Lnkd;whH.125 ,yq;ifapYs;s mtuJ KftH> mtuJ gzp xU tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz; vd;gNjad;wp rpw;Wz;br;rhiyg; ghpkhWgtH my;y vd;gij mtUf;F
cWjpg;gLj;jpdhH. mtH NkYk; $Wifapy;> “ehd; Kfthplk; NeubahfNt
tplaj;ijf; ifahz;Nld;. KftnuhUtH vd;id Fitj; tpkhd epiyaj;jpy;
re;jpj;jhH ........mtH vd;idg; gzpf;fhf mDg;gpa ,lk; Kd;dH vdf;Fg;
Gifg;glnkhd;wpy; ,Jjhd; ehd; gzp nra;atpUf;Fk; ,lnkdf;
fhl;ba ,lky;y.... mq;F nrd;w Ie;jhk; ehs; ehd; Kftiu mioj;J>
ehd; ,q;F gzpahw;w tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;W $wpNdd;. ehd; ,q;F tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz;zhf gzpahw;wNt te;Njd; vd;W $wpNdd;. KftH vd;id rpwpJ
fhyk; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gb $wpdhH. ehd; ,e;j ,lj;ij tpl;Lj; jg;gpNahlj;
jPHkhdpj;Njd.126
njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfsJ Ml;NrHg;G eltbf;iffisr;
rPuhf;fp> xOq;fikf;fj; jtWk; gl;rj;jpy; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs;> fl;lha
Ntiyf;fhd Ml;flj;jy; epiyikfSf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yf;$ba Ruz;ly;
kw;Wk; J\;gpuNahf Ntiy epiyikfSf;fhshFk; ngUk; mghaj;jpYs;sdH.
Jy;ypakhd vz;zpf;ifiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ rhj;jpakhdjhf ,y;yhj xU
epiyapy; rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; cyfstpy; jw;NghJ Ml;flj;jypw;F
Mshd epiyapy; Fiwe;jJ 2.45 kpy;ypad; kf;fs; fl;lha Ntiyf;fhd
Ruz;ly; epiyfspy; gzpahw;WtjhfTk; ,J cyfk; KOtjpYkhd fl;lha
Ntiy nra;Nthhpd; 20 tPjj;ijg; gpujpepjpg;gLj;JtjhfTk; fzpg;gpl;Ls;sJ.127
Gwg;gLjYf;F Kd;djhd kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidAk;
tYf;fl;lha fHg;gj;jilAk;
Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fspy; mNefH mtHfsJ mwpTWj;jg;gl;l
rk;kjkpd;wp Gwg;gLjYf;F Kd;djhd kUj;Jtg;
ghpNrhjidfSf;Fs;shFtJld; mg;ghpNrhjidfspd; KbTfisg;
ngWtjw;fhd toptiffs; ,y;yhJKs;sdH. rpy ngz;fs;> kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;Jf;F $Wifapy;> njhopy; KftHfs; jq;fs; Ntiy xg;ge;jf;
fhyk; tiuapy; fHg;gkiltijj; jLf;Fk; tifapy; ePz;lfhy
fHg;gj;jilfisg; gad;gLj;Jk;gb fl;lhag;gLj;jpajhff; $wpdhHfs;.
125 vt;. E}Uldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> mj;jdfy> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 8> 2006.
126 mNj Mjhu %yk;
127 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> cyfpd; fl;lha Ntiyapy; <Lgl;Ls;Nshhpd; Fiwe;jgl;r
njhiff; fzpg;G. (n[dPth:ILO 2005) http://www.ilo.org/dyn/declaris/ DECLARATIONWEB.DOWNLOAD _BLOB? Var_DocumentID=5073 (accessed june 8, 2007), pp.4, 33.
49
midj;Jg; Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; gzpahsHfSk; nfhOk;igj;128 jskhff;
nfhz;l jdpahH kUj;Jtr; rpfpr;ir epiyaq;fspy; fHg;gg; ghpNrhjid> vr;.I.tp
njhw;W kw;Wk; caH nfhy];Nuhy; kl;lq;fSf;fhd129 Nrhjidfs; cl;gl
gytifahd cly; MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;fhd fl;lha kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfSf;F
cl;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; mtHfs; fhr Neha;f;F vf;]; fjpH glk;>
fz;ghHit> Ngr;R kw;Wk; Nfl;ly; Nghd;w ghpNrhjidfSf;Fk; cl;gly;
Ntz;Lk;.130 ntsptptfhu mikr;R mYtyf
mjpfhhpfspd;gb ,g;ghpNrhjidfs; gzpahsHfsJ “clypay; hPjpahd
MNuhf;fpaj;ij cWjp nra;tjw;fhditahFk;.”131 kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfspy;
fHg;gk; jhpj;jpUg;gjhf my;yJ vr;.I.tp njhw;W ,Ug;gjhff; fz;lwpag;gl;lhy;
mg;ngz;fs; jFjpahdtHfsy;yH vd;W ,dk; fhzg;gl;L Gyk;ngaHtjw;F
mDkjpf;fg;gl khl;lhHfs;.132
Gyk;ngaHe;j ngz; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspy; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jhy;
NeH fhzg;gl;l mNefkhd ngz;fs; $Wifapy;> jhq;fs; vd;d kUj;Jtg;
ghpNrhjidfSf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;ldH vd mwpaj; jug;gltpy;iy vd;gJld;
vtUk; ghpNrhjidfSf;f Kd; my;yJ gpd; MNyhridfs; vjidAk;
ngwtpy;iynadTk; njhptpj;jdH. mwpaj; jug;gl;l gpd;dhd rk;kjk; kw;Wk;
kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidj; jfty;fspd; ,ufrpaj;jd;ikiag; NgZjYk; kUj;Jt
ed;ndwpfspd; %yhjhukhFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; ,it vitANk ,yq;ifapy;
Gyk;ngaH gzpg;ngz;fisg; nghWj;jtifapy; kjpj;Jf;
filg;gpbf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. ehk; fye;Jiuahba gy ngz;fs; $Wifapy;>
jhq;fs; “VNjDk; Neha;fspUe;jhYk; vd;gjw;fhf kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfSf;F
cl;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfTk;> MapDk; Fwpg;gpl;l Neha;j; njhw;W ,Ug;gjw;fhd ve;jj;
jftiyAk; ngwtpy;iynadf; $wpdhHfs;. cjhuzj;jpw;F> nygdhd; ehl;bw;F
Gyk;ngaHtjw;F Kd;djhd kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidf;F mz;ikapy; cl;gl;l
xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $Wifapy;>
128 tisFlh $l;L xj;Jiog;Gr; rig(GCC) ehLfshy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l> $l;lhf GCC mDkjp
ngw;w kUj;Jtr; rq;fk; vd miof;fg;gLk; 13 kUj;Jt epiyaq;fs; cs;sd (GAMCA) GCC ehLfspd; J}jufq;fs; GAMCA rpfpr;ir epiyaq;fspdhy; toq;fg;gLk; kUj;jtr; rhd;wpjo;fis
kl;LNk Vw;W mq;fPfhpf;Fk;. CARAM Mrpah> Gyk;ngaHNthH cly; MNuhf;fpa epiy 2007
(Nfhyhyk;G+H:CARAM Mrpah 2007)>
http://www.caramasia.org/reports/SoH2007/SoH_Report_2007-online_version.pdf (accessed September 6, 2007, p.90. 129 RNkjh Vf;fehaf;f> ntsptptfhu mikr;Rldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 16> 2006.
130 mNj Mjhu %yk;.
131 mNj %yk;
132 mNj %yk;
50
“ehd; Vd; kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLfpNwd; vd vdf;Fj;
njhptpf;fg;gl tpy;iy>“ vd;whH.133 ,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaHgtHfspd; XH
MNyhrfH kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $Wifapy;>
“gzpahsHfsplkpUe;J ,uj;jj;jpd; khjphp Vd; ngwg;gLfpwJ vd;gij gy
re;jHg;gq;fspy; mtHfs; $Wtjpy;iy”> vd;whH.134
,e;j mwpf;iff;fhf NeHfhzg;gl;l Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg;gzpahsHfspy;
mNefkhNdhH ,e;j kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfspd; KbTfisg; ngwtpy;iy
khwhf ,e;j kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfspd; KbTfs; ,e;j kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir
epiyaq;fshy; Neubahf mtHfsJ njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk;/my;yJ
Ntiynfhs;Nthhpw;Fj; njhpag;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fyhk; vd mth;fs; ek;Gfpd;wdH.
xU ngz;> kdpj chpik fz;fhzpg;gfj;jplk; $Wifapy;> “kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfspd; KbTfs; Ntiynfhs;Nthhplk; nfhLf;fg;gl;ld. mjd;
KbTfs; gw;wp mtHfs; vdf;F vJTk; njhptpf;ftpy;iy”> vd;whH.135 ,d;DNkhH
gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “mtHfs; vdJ ,uj;jk;> rpWePH vd;gtw;iwg;
ghpNrhjpj;jJld; vf;]; fjpH glKk; vLj;jdH. mtHfs; vq;fsplk; me;jg;
ghpNrhjidfspd; KbTfisj; jutpy;iy@ mtHfs; mjid Kfthplk;
nfhLj;jhHfs;”> vd;W $wpdhH.136 ,yq;ifapd; murrhHgw;w ];jhgdkhd
Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfSf;fhd nraw;ghl;L tiyaikg;gpd; (ACTFORM)
gzpg;ghsH> kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $Wifapy;>
Nehahspapd; ,ufrpaj;jd;ik rhjhuzkhf kPwg;gLfpwJ vd;whH.137 ntsptptfhu
mikr;rpd; xU mjpfhhp> Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfspd; kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjid
KbTfspd; ,ufrpaj;jd;ikiag; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd nra;Kiwfs;
vJTk; ,y;iynad;gij cWjpg;gLj;jpdhH. “itj;jpaH Kfthpw;Fg;
ghpNrhjid nra;ag;gl;l ngz; vr;.I.tp njhw;Ws;stuh ,y;iyah vd;gijj;
njhptpg;ghH.... ghpNrhjid KbTfs; Kfthpf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gLk;. KbTfspd;
gpujp mtrpakhfj; Njitg;gLkhapd; mJ mtUf;F toq;fg;gLk;. nghJthf
mtHfs; Neha;j; njhw;Wf;fs; VJkw;wtH vd;W mwpaj; jug;gLtH.”138 NkNy tpghpf;fg;gl;lJ Nghd;W kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjid KbTfis
133 lgps;A+. Rre;jpfhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if> etk;gH 15> 2006.
134 tNahy ngNuuhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ACTFORM,
nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 2> 2006.
135 lgps;A+. NrhkhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 4> 2006.
136 v];. kNdhuQ;rdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 4> 2006.
137 taNyh ngNuuhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ACTFORM
nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 2> 2006.
138 RNkjh Vf;fehaf;fTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ntsptptfhu
mikr;R> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 16> 2006.
51
njhptpg;gJ> rHtNjrr; rl;lk; kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapd; kUj;Jt njhopy;
jHkj;jpw;fhd topfhl;bfspd; fPo; Nehahspapd; ghpNrhjid
KbTfSf;fhd ,ufrpaj;jd;ikiag; NgZk; chpikia kPWfpd;wJ.139
tPl;Lg; ngz; gzpahsHfs; CrpkUe;J %yk; nrYj;jg;glf;$ba fHg;gj;jil
Kiwfis mtHfsJ mwpTWj;jg;gl;l rk;kjkpd;wpAk; NtW rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy;
njhptpf;fg;gl;l mtHfsJ tpUg;gj;jpw;F vjpuhfTk; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUg;gjw;fhd
rk;gtq;fis kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
Njitaw;w kUj;Jtr; rpfpr;irfis kWg;gjw;F vy;yhj; jdpg;gl;ltHfSf;Fkhd
chpikia clypay; RNar;rj;jd;ik kw;Wk; KOikf;Fkhd chpik
cj;juthjg;gLj;JfpwJ.140 rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; rpfpr;ir epiyaj;jpy;
gzpahw;WgtHfs;> ,e;j CrpkUe;J fUj;jhpg;gij jtpHg;gjw;fhdJ vdg;
Gyk;ngaUk; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fsplk; $WfpwhHfs;> kw;iwa re;jHg;gq;fspy;
CrpkUe;ijr; nrYj;Jk; tiuapy; ,g;ngz;fSf;F vjidAk; njhptpg;gjpy;iy.
xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; kUj;Jtr; Nrhjidapy; ele;jijf; $Wifapy;>
“mtHfs; vd;id xU CrpkUe;ij Vw;wpf; nfhs;Sk;gb
Nfl;lhHfs;> Mdhy; ehd; kWj;Njd;. me;j kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir
epiyaj;jpYs;s itj;jpaH> ,e;j CrpkUe;J jtWjyhf VNjDk;
eilngw;whYk; fHg;gk; jhpg;gijj; jil nra;Ak; vd;gjhy; mjid
139 xUtuJ jdpg;gl;l ,ufrpaj;jd;ikf;fhd chpikf;F ,j;jifa kPwy;fs; KuzhditahFk;.
Fbapay; kw;Wk; murpay; chpikfs; kPjhd rHtNjr rkthak; (ICCPR) brk;gH 16> 1966 ,y; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ. nghJr;rig jPHkhdk; 2200A(XXI), 21, I.eh GAOR Supp.(,y.16) 52> I.eh Mtzk;> A/6316(1966), 999 U.N.T.S 171, 1976 khHr; 23 eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ> cWg;Giu 17>
ICCPR ,d; ,e;j Vw;ghl;il mHj;jg;gLj;Jifapy;> If;fpa ehLfspd; kdpj chpikfs;
Mizf;FO “xU eghpd; jdpg;gl;l tho;f;if njhlHghd jfty;fs; rl;lj;jpdhy;
mjpfhukspf;fg;glhj egHfspd; iffisr; nrd;wilahkypUg;gijAk; mJ Nkw;nfhz;L
gad;gLj;jg;glhkypUg;gijAk; muRfs; cWjp nra;tjw;F gaDWjpkpf;f eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;fpwJ. I.eh kdpj chpikfs; Mizf;FO> nghJf;
Fwpg;G 16> jdpg;gl;l jd;ik> FLk;gk; kw;Wk; njhlHG kw;Wk; nfsutj;jpd; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk;
khpahij vd;gd kjpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd chpik. (cWg;Giu 17)> (23tJ mkHT> 1988)> kdpj
chpik xg;ge;j mikg;Gf;fshy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l nghJf; Fwpg;gf;fs; kw;Wk; nghJthd
ghpe;Jiufspd; njhFg;G> I.eh Mtzk; HRI/GEN/1/Rev.6(2003), p.142, para 10; ,yq;if
kUj;Jt rigapd; ed;ndwpr; rig> ,yq;if kUj;Jtr; rigAld; gjpT nra;j kUj;Jt kw;Wk;
gy; kUj;JtHfspw;fhd ed;ndwp jHkj;jpd; kPjhd topfhl;b (nfhOk;G:,yq;if kUj;Jtr; rig>
2003) g.43 (“,ufrpaj;jd;ik vd;gJ itj;jpaH kw;Wk; Nehahspf;Fkpilapyhd xg;ge;jj;jpy;
mHj;jg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;snjdTk;> mjpfhukspf;fg;glhj VNjDk; ntspg;gLj;jy;fs; xg;ge;jj;ij
kPwpajhf fUjg;gLtJld;> itj;jpaUf;nfjpuhf rptpy; eltbf;iffSf;Fk; ,lkspf;fpd;wd”). 140 ICCPR, cWg;Giu 9(1)@ nuNgf;fh Ff;> vk;. NgHdhHl;> bf;nfd;]; kw;Wk; k ;̀nkhl; vt;.
gj;jhyh ,dtpUj;jpr; Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; kdpj chpikfs;: kUj;Jtk;> ed;ndwp kw;Wk; rl;lj;ij
KOikahf;fy; xf;];NghHl;:fpsnud;ld; gjpg;gfk;> 2003) g.109> 164-170: nghUshjhu> r%f
kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfs; kPjhd I.eh Mizf;FO> “nghUshjhu> r%f kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu
chpikfs; kPjhd rHtNjr rkthaq;fis mKy;gLj;Jtjpy; Njhd;Wk; fhj;jpukhd tplaq;fs;>
“nghJf; Fwpg;G 14> cly; MNuhf;fpaj;jpd; milaf;$ba cr;rjuj;jpyhd chpik (cWg;Giu 12)
(22tJ mkHT> 2000)> kdpj chpik xg;ge;j mikg;Gfspdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l nghJf; Fwpg;Gf;fs;
kw;Wk; nghJg; ghpe;Jiufspd; njhFg;G> I.eh Mtzk;:HRI/GEN/1/Rev.6(2003), p.85, para
37 (jq;fsJ MNuhf;fpak; njhlHghf mwpaj;jug;gl;l njhpTfis Nkw;nfhs;tjpy; kf;fspw;F
cjTtjpyhd mur flg;ghLfisf; Fwpf;fpwJ).
52
ehd; Vw;wpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;W $wpdhH. ehd; mjw;Fk;
kWg;Gj; njhptpj;j nghOJ mtH Kftiu mioj;jhH..... KftH
vd;dplk; ehd; CrpkUe;ij Vw;wpf; nfhs;shj fhuzj;jhy; Ntiy
nfhs;Sk; ,lj;jpy; vdJ rk;kjkpd;wp clYwT VNjDk;
Vw;gl;lhy; mjw;fhd nghWg;Gf;fis jhq;fs; Vw;fkhl;Nlhk; vd;W
$wpdhH.”141
Gyk;ngaHNthH MNuhf;fpak; njhlHghd tplaq;fs; kPJ gzpahw;Wk; xU
gpuhe;jpa tiyaikg;ghd fuhk; Mrpah (CARAM Asia) ,yq;ifapd;
Gyk;ngaUk; ngz; njhopyhsHfspy; ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapyhNdhUf;F
Gwg;gLjYf;F Kd;djhd fl;lha kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfspd;NghJ
nkl;Nuhxf;rpGNuhn[];uNuhd; vDk; fHg;gj;jil kUe;J nfhLf;fg;gl;lij
cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.142
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $Wifapy; gy ngz;fs;> jk;ik
njhopy; KftH my;yJ Jiz KftH fHg;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;L CrpkUe;ij
vLf;Fk;gb fl;lhag;gLj;jpajhfj; njhptpj;jhHfs;. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy;> tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz;fs; fHg;gj;jil CrpkUe;Jf;F kWg;G njhptpg;ghHfshapd; xg;ge;j
fhyj;jpy; mtHfs; Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; ty;YwTf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;L
fHg;gKWthHfshapd;; KftHfs; mtHfSf;F vt;tifapYk; cjt khl;lhHfs;
vd njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ. cjhuzkhf <. gukpj;jh $Wifapy;> “vdf;F Ntnwe;j njhpTfSk; ,y;iy. CrpkUe;ij kWj;J Gyk;ngaHe;J nrd;W mq;F ehd;
fHg;gKw;why; jpUk;gp tUtjw;fhd topia ehNd ghHj;Jf; nfhs;s
Ntz;LnkdTk; KftH mjw;fhd nghWg;Gf;fis Vw;Wf; nfhs;s khl;lhnudTk;
$wg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; CrpkUe;ij vLj;Jg; gpd;dH ehd; fHg;gKw;why;
mjw;fhd eltbf;iffSf;F KftH nghWg;Ngw;ghH vdTk;
$wg;gl;lH.”143 ,d;DnkhU tPl;Lg;gzpahsH tpghpf;ifapy;>
gpujhd KftH jdpahH itj;jpaH xUthplk; nrd;W
jLg;G+rpkUe;ij Vw;wpf; nfhs;Sk;gb mwpTWj;jpdhH. mtHfs;
vd;idf; fl;lhag;gLj;jtpy;iy. Mdhy; kWGwj;Nj vdf;F NtW
141 MH. rj;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 15> 2006
142 fuhk; Mrpah> Gyk;ngaHNthH MNuhf;fpa epiy 2005 (Nfhyhyk;G+H:fuhk; Mrpah 2006)
http://wwwlcaramasia.org/reports/SoH2005/SoH_2005_Chapter3.pdf (accessed june 7, 2007),p. 106; CARAM Asia, State of Health migrants 2007(Kuala Lumpur: 2007), http://www.caramasia.org/reports/SoH_Report_2007-online_version.pdf (accessed September 6, 2007), pp.90-91 nkl;Nuhxf;rpGNuhn[];bNuhd; CrpkUe;jhf ghtpf;fg;gLtJ rhjhuzkhf
bg;NghGNuhntuh vDk; FwpaPl;Lg; ngahpy; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk;.fHg;gKWtij jtpHg;gjw;Fg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
143 <. gukpj;jhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> uk;Ng> ,yq;if>etk;gH
5>2006
53
njhpTfs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ehd; Ntiy nra;atpUf;Fk; tPl;by;
Ntiy nfhs;NthH rpy rkaq;fspy; vdf;F rpy
njhe;juTfisj;juf;$Lk;> vdNt Fwpg;gpl;l jLg;G+rpia ehd;
vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; mJ ehd; fHg;gkiltij jLf;Fk; vd;W
gpujhd KftH $wpdhH. njhe;juTfs; vd;W mtH $wpaJ
Mz;fspdhyhd ghypay; njhe;juTfisahFk;.144
fl;lha kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfspd;NghJ145 Gyk;ngaUk; gzpg;ngz;fSf;F
fHg;gj;jil CrpkUe;Jfs; toq;fg;gLtjw;fhd “rhj;jpaj; jd;ikfs;” ,Ug;gij ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafk;
mwpe;jpUg;gij mjd; xU mjpfhhp cWjpg;gLj;jpdhH. ,Ug;gpDk; ,J
murhq;fj;jpd; xU nfhs;ifay;y146 vdTk; mtH njhptpj;jhH. fHg;gj;jil
kUe;Jfs; toq;fg;gLtJ njhlHghf Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fspd;
ve;jnthU Kiwg;ghl;ilAk; jhd; ngwtpy;iynad ,yq;if ntspehl;L
Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafk; njhptpf;fpd;wJ.147 MapDk; rpy tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;
njhptpf;ifapy;> Crp %yk; nrYj;jf;$ba fHg;gj;jil kUe;JfSf;F kWg;Gj;
njhptpg;gjw;fhd chpik jq;fSf;F ,Ug;gijj; njhpahj fhuzj;jhYk; kw;Wk;
jq;fSf;F vd;d kUe;J toq;fg;gl;lJ vd;gijj; njhpahjjhYk; ,it gw;wp
vq;fshy; Kiwg;ghL vJTk; nra;a Kbatpy;iy vd;wdH.
144 gp. vuhe;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> uk;Ng> ,yq;if> etk;gH
5> 2006.
145 vy;.Nf. U_DNf> ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;Jldhd kdpj chpikfs
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5> 2006.
146 RNkjh Vf;fehaf;f> ntspehl;L tptfhu mikr;Rldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 16> 2006.
147 mNj Mjhu %yk;.
54
IV. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; J\;gpuNahfq;fs;
ehq;fs; midtUk; ,yq;iff;F jpUk;gpr; nry;y tpUk;GfpNwhk;>
ehq;fs; ,q;F ngUk; vjpHghHg;Gld; te;Njhk;. tplaq;fs; ,g;gb
elf;Fnkd ehk; xUNghJk;; epidf;ftpy;iy.148
—gp. ,e;jpuhzp> taJ 32 rT+jp mNugpahtpy; wpahj;
efhpYs;s ,yq;ifj; J}jufj;jpd; jq;Fkplj;jpy; cs;stH.
rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; ,yq;ifapd; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; gy;NtW tpjkhd
J\;gpuNahfq;fs; kw;Wk; Ruz;ly;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH. mtHfs;>
Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik my;yJ Fiwthd Ntjdk;@ Ntjdr; Ruz;ly;@
Ntiyj;jyq;fspy; gyte;jkhfj; jLj;J itf;fg;gly;@ msTf;fjpfkhd ePz;l
Ntiy Neuq;fs;@ kw;Wk; Xa;Tehs; ,y;yhik Nghd;w Ntiyj; jyj;jpy; gue;J
NghAs;s J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH. ,yq;if tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz;fs; cly; hPjpahd> cs hPjpahd kw;Wk; ghypay; J\;gpuNahfk;@
czT toq;fg;glhik kw;Wk; Nghjpa trjpay;yhj tho;f;if epiyikfs;@
mtHfsJ milahs Mtzq;fisg; gwpKjy; nra;J itj;jy;@ kl;Lg;gLj;jpa
njhlHghly; trjpfs;@ mtHfs; tpUk;gpaNghJ jkJ jha;ehl;bw;F jpUk;gpr;
nry;tij kl;Lg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehl;bYs;s njhopy;
KftHfspd; Ruz;ly;fSf;Fk; MshFjy; Nghd;w Jd;gq;fisAk;
mDgtpf;fpd;wdH. gy re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,j;J\;gpuNahfq;fs; rHtNjr rl;lq;fis
kPWk; fl;lha Ntiyf;nfhg;ghdjhfpd;wJ.
ntspehl;ltUf;F Fwpg;ghf Mrpah kw;Wk; Mgphpf;f ehl;ltHfSf;F
vjpuhd ,dg; ghugl;rq;fs;@ ePjpj; Jiwapy; ghy;epiyg; ghFghL kw;Wk;
ghy;epiy mrkj;Jtk;@ kw;Wk; kjr; rpWghd;ikNahhpd; kj Rje;jpuq;fs; kPjhd
fl;Lg;ghLfSl;gl ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSk; mtHfsJ Ntiynfhs;Sk;
ehl;by; gue;jstpyhd J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH.
cjhuzj;jpw;F ,yq;ifapypUe;jhd ,e;J> ngsj;j kw;Wk; fj;Njhypf;f tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; mtHfsJ kjq;fisg; gpd;gw;Wtjpy; fl;Lg;ghLfis
mDgtpg;gjhf njhptpj;jdH. xU ,e;Jthd tPl;Lg;gzpahsH v];. fpU\;zd;
kdpj
148 gp. ,e;jpuhzpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> wpahj;> rT+jp Nugpah>
brk;gH 15> 2006.
55
chpikf; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $Wifapy; “ vdJ Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; vdJ
kjj;jpid ehd; gpd;gw;Wtjid mDkjpf;f khl;lhHfs;... ehd; gzp nra;j rT+jp
mNugpah. Fitj; my;yJ nygdhd; Mfpa ve;jtplj;jpYk; vdJ kjj;ijg;
gpd;gw;Wtjw;F Rje;jpukpUf;ftpy;iy. vdJ ngaH fpU\;zd;> nygdhdpy; vdJ
Ntiy nfhs;NthH vdJ ngaiu mwpe;J nfhz;lJk; ehd; me;j tPl;by; vdJ
kjj;ij gpd;gw;w Kbahnjdf; $wpdH. ehd; vdJ ehl;bw;Fj; jpUk;gpaJk; vdJ
kjj;ijg; gpd;gw;wyhnkd;Wk; $wpdH.”149
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j ngz;fspy; rpyH
ntspehl;by; Ntiy Ghptjpy; rhjfkhd mDgtq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;stHfshf
fhzg;gLtjidAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. rpy Ntiynfhs;NthHfs;
gzpahsHfspd; xg;ge;j fhyk; KbtilAk; nghOJ kpif Cjpak;> jq;f
Mguzg; ghpRg; nghUl;fs; my;yJ tPl;Lg; ghtidf;fhd kpd;rhu cgfuzq;fs;
vd;gtw;iwAk; ghprhf toq;fpAs;sdH. rpy K];ypk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;
jq;fsJ Ntiynfhs;NthUld; NrHe;J nkf;fhtpw;Fg; Gdpj ahj;jpiu nry;Yk;
re;jHg;gj;ijAk; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F xU
ngz; jdJ mDgtq;fisg; gw;wpf; $Wifapy;> “ ehd; gzpahw;wpa me;j muG
Ntiynfhs;Nthiu ,iwtd; MrPHtjpf;fl;Lk;. mtHfs; vd;id xU
gzpg;ngz;zhf elj;jtpy;iy@ khwhf vd;id mtHfnshU NjhopahfNt
fUjpdH..... ehd; me;j ,lj;ij kpfTk; tpUk;GfpNwd;> mNjNghd;W mtHfSk;
vd;idAk; vdJ gzpfisAk; tpUk;GfpwhHfs;>“ vd;whH.150 vt;thwhapDk;> ,JnthU tpjpKiway;y> ,e;j mwpf;iff;fhf NeHfhzg;gl;l
kpfg; ngUkstpyhd tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd;
kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; gytifahd Ntiyj;jy
J\;gpuNahfq;fis mDgtpj;Js;sdH.
Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik kw;Wk; Fiwe;j Ntjdk;
ehd; vdJ Ntjdk; gw;wpf; Nfl;Fk; nghOnjy;yhk; mbj;Jj;
Jd;GWj;jg;gl;Nld;. xUtopahf vdJ Kjy; %d;W khj
Ntjdq;fisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;Nld;. vdJ je;ijahH
RftPdKw;wpUg;gjhf vdf;nfhU njhiyNgrp miog;G te;jNghJ>
ehd; vdJ Ntjdj;ijf; Nfl;lnghOJ vd;id cd;id
thq;fpapUf;fpNwhk;> eP mjw;fhf ciof;f Ntz;Lnkdf;
$wpdH.”151
149 v];. fpU\;zDldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
k];nfypah> ,yq;if> etk;gH 13> 2006.
150 v];. fjpnuhspAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
`guhJt> ,yq;if> etk;gH 14> 2006.
151 gp. yjhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> wpahj;> rT+jp mNugpah>
brk;gH 15> 2006.
56
—,J ,uz;L gps;isfspd; jhahd 32 tajhd gp. Yjh
$wpait. ,tuJ Ntiynfhs;NthH Ie;J khjq;fspw;fhd
Ntjdq;fis toq;ftpy;iy. ehk; mtiu
NeHfz;lNghJ ,yq;iff;F jpUk;gpr; nry;tjw;fhd tpkhdg;
azr;rPl;il thq;Ftjw;F gzkpy;yhjjpdhy; rT+jp
mNugpahtpypUe;J jpUk;gpr; nry;tjw;F KbahJs;shH.
,e;j mwpf;iff;fhf NeHfhzg;gl;l tPl;Lg;ngz; gzpahsHfSs; 20 tPjkhNdhH
jq;fsJ Ntjdj;ij KOikahfg; ngwtpy;iy. ,t;tpjk; nfhLg;gdT
nra;ag;glhj fhyk; xU rpy khjq;fspypUe;J ehd;F tUlq;fs;
tiuapyhdjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,d;Dk; gyUf;F mtHfsJ njhopy;
xg;ge;jj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l njhif my;yJ mtHfsJ cs;@H njhopy; KftHfshy;
thf;FWjpaspf;fg;gl;l njhifia tpl Fiwthd njhifNa Ntjdkhff;
nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik vd;gJ ,yq;if tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfshy; mjpfstpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; Kiwg;ghLfspy; xd;whff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafk; gjpT nra;j
Gyk; ngaHe;j ngz; gzpahsHfspd; Kiwg;ghLfspy; RkhH 20
rjtPjkhdit ,zq;fpf; nfhz;l Ntjdq;fis toq;fhik
njhlHghditahFk;.152 xt;nthU tUlKk; RkhH 100 tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F
rl;l cjtpfis toq;Fk; murhq;fj;jhy; epjp toq;fg;gLk; xU rl;ltikg;ghd
rl;l cjtp kd;wk; Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ikNa mtHfshy; mjpfk; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;sg;gLk; nghJthd Kiwg;ghnldj; njhptpf;fpd;wJ.153
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; fye;Jiuahba mNefkhd tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; jq;fsJ khjhe;j Ntjdkhf cld;gl;l Ntjdj;ijtpl 17 kw;Wk;
107 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; tiu Fiwthd njhifiaNa Ntjdkhfg;
ngWfpwhHfs;. ,J xg;ge;jj;jpy;
Fwpg;gpl;l njhifiatpl 50 tPjkhdtiu Fiwthd NtjdkhFk;.
nygdhdpYs;s tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhptpf;ifapy; mtHfspd; Fwpf;fg;gl;l
Ntjdkhd 125-150 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfSf;Fg; gjpyhf khjnkhd;Wf;F 100
mnkhpf;f nlhyHfNs toq;Ftjhff; $wpdhHfs;. rT+jp mNugpahtpy;
gzpahsHfs; 450 - 800 wpahy;fs;
(120-213 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) khjnkhd;Wf;F toq;fg;gLnkd;W thf;FWjp
mspf;fg;gl;l NghjpYk; 300-400 wpahy;fs; tiuNa (80-107 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;)
toq;fg;gLfpd;wd: Fitj; ehl;by; khjnkhd;Wf;F 40-45 bdhHfs; (142-160
152 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;jpd; ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G tUlhe;j
Gs;sptpgu mwpf;if – 2005> g.69. 153 byhe;jFkhhpAldhd (rl;l cjtp kd;wk;) kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 17> 2006.
57
mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) toq;fg;gLnkd thf;FWjpaspf;fg;gl;lhYk; mtHfSf;F
35 bdhHfs; kl;LNk (124 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) toq;fg;gLfpwJ: kw;Wk; If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; gzpahsHfSf;F 500-750 buhk;fs; tiu (136-204
mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) khjhe;jk; toq;fg;gLnkd njhptpf;fg;gl;lhYk;
mtHfSf;F 400-450 buhk;fNs (109-123 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) toq;fg;gLfpwJ.
xU gps;isapd; jhahd v];. Nrghypf;fh rt+jp mNugpahtpy; jdJ
mDgtq;fis tpghpf;ifapy;:
mq;F Ntiyfs; mjpfk;. ehd; vdJ Ntjdj;ijf; Nfl;l nghOJ
mtHfs; gzj;jpid gpd;dH mDg;g KbAnkd;W $wpdhHfs;...
Ntjdj;ijf; Nfl;Fk;NghJ ghgh154 “cdf;F ehisf;Fj;
jUfpNwd;” my;yJ “tpiutpNy cdf;Fj; jUfpNwd;” vd;W $WthH... ehd; ghghtplk;> “ePq;fs; vdf;F rk;gsKk;
jUtjpy;iy> Ntiyg;gSTk; mjpfk;” vd;W $wpa nghOJ ghgh
vd;idj; jhf;fpdhH. mtH jd; iffshy; vdJ
jhilapy; ,bj;jhH. ehd; ehs; KOtJk; rhg;gpltpy;iy> kWehs;
mtHfs; kPz;Lk; vd;id Nehf;fp rj;jkplj; njhlq;fpdH. vdJ
rk;gsj;ijf; nfhLf;FkhW Ntz;b XH vjpHg;G ltbf;ifahf (xU
cz;zhtpujg; Nghuhl;lkhf) ,uz;L jpdq;fs; czT
cl;nfhs;shky; ,Ue;Njd;... mtHfs; vdf;Fr; rk;;gsk;
jutpy;iy. mtHfs; xU rjk;$l vdf;Fj; jutpy;iy.
– 10 khjq;fshf mtHfs; vdf;F rk;gsk; juNtapy;iy.155
gj;J khjq;fs; ve;jtpj NtjdKkpd;wp gzpahw;wpa gpd;dH Nrghypf;fh jdJ
Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;gpNahbdhH. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;
mtiu NeH fz;lNghJ mtUf;Fr; NruNtz;ba Ntjdj; njhifahd 1600
mnkhpf;f nlhyHfspy;
vjidAk; mtH kPsg; ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy. kw;WNkhH tPl;Lg; gzpahsH nygdhd;
ehl;by; jdJ mDgtk; njhlHghff; $Wifapy;> “ehd; me;j tPl;Lf;fhug;
ngz;kzpAld; NgrpanghOJ> khjnkhd;Wf;F 150 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfis
toq;Ftjhff; $wg;gl;l xg;ge;jj;jpNyNa ehd; ifnaOj;jpl;Ls;Nsd;> Mdhy;
ePq;fs; vdf;F 100 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfisNa jUfpwPHfs;> Vd; vdf; Nfl;Nld;.
mjw;F mtH vdJ Ntjdk; 150 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; vd
xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,Ue;jhYk; cdf;Fj; njhopypy; Kd; mDgtkpy;iy.
154 ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; mNefk; jq;fsJ Ntiynfhs;Sk; v[khdHfis “ghgh”
vd;Wk; v[khdpfis “kkh” my;yJ “klk;” vd;Wk; miog;gH.
155 v];. Nrghypf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if. etk;gH 9> 2006.
58
mDgtkpy;yhj gzpg;ngz;fSf;F 100 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfSk;> mDgtk;
nfhz;ltHfSf;F 125 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfSk;jhd; jw;Nghija Ntjd
tPjk;”vd;W $wpdhH.156
ml;ltiz 2 – kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ Nghd;W
cj;jpNahfG+Ht khjhe;j Ntjdk; kw;Wk; khjhe;j> kzpj;jpahyj;jpw;fhd
nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;gl;l Ntjdq;fs;
Ntiynfhs;Sk;
ehL
tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfsJ
cj;jpNahfG+Ht
khjhe;j Ntjdk;
tPl;Lg; gzpahsH
fSf;F khjhe;jk;
cz;ikapy;
toq;fg;gLk;
Ntjdk;
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F
ehnshd;Wf;fhd 16-18
kzpj;jpahyq;fspy;>
kzpj;jpahynkhd;Wf;fhf
toq;fg;gLk;
cz;ikahd
Ntjdk;157
nygdhd; 130158m.nlhyHfs; 100 m.nlhyHfs; 0.19-0.21 m.nlhyHfs;
If;fpa muGfs;
,uhr;rpak;
550159buhk;fs;
(150 m.nlhyHfs;)
400-450 buhk;fs;
(109-123
m.nlhyHfs;)
0.20-0.26 m.nlhyHfs;
rT+jp mNugpah 500160wpahy;fs;
(133 m.nlhyHfs;)
300-400 wpahy;fs;
(80-107 m.nlhyHfs;)
0.15-0.22 m.nlhyHfs;
Fitj; 40161bdhHfs;
(142 m.nlhyHfs;)
35-40 bdhHfs;
(124-142
m.nlhyHfs;)
0.23-0.30 m.nlhyHfs;
156 MH. rjpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 15> 2006.
157 tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F njhptpf;ifapy; ehnshd;Wf;F
rhpahf 16-18 kzpj;jpahyq;fs;> mjpy; rpyH ehnshd;W 21 kzpj;jpahyq;fs; tPjk; thuj;jpd; 7
ehl;fSk; gzpGhptjhff; $wpdH. ,t;twpf;ifapd; gFjp IV “kpFe;j Ntiyg;gSTk; Xa;tpd;wp
msTf;fjpfkhf ePbf;Fk; NtiyNeuq;fSk;” vd;gijg; ghHf;fTk;.
158 my;̀ h[; A.hp.vk; md;tUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>(ALFIA)
nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 31> 2006.
159 kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; ,e;j Ma;it elhj;Jfpd;w nghOJ ,yq;if tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz; fSf;fhd Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdk; 550 buhk;fshf(150 m.nlhyHfs;) ,Ue;jJ@ ,J
nrg;nlk;gH 01> 2007 ,y; 600 buhk;fSf;F (163 m.nlhyHfs;) caHj;jg;gl;lJ. kpuh[; wp];tpapd;>
“Minimum wage for Sri Lankan Domestic Help is now in Force,” Khaleej Times (Dubai, UAE), A+iy 11> 2005, http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?section=theuae&xfile= data/theuae/2005/july/theuae_july266.xml (accessed September 6, 2007);Binsal Abdul Kader, “Sri Lanka Hikes Wages of Maids,” Gulf News (Dubai, UAE), August 30, 2007, http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/07/0831/10150408.html (accessed September 6, 2007); “Higher Wages for UAE’s Lankan Maids,” Daily News (Colombo), September 1, 2007, http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/09/01/news22.asp (accessed September 6, 2007). 160 my;̀ h[; A.hp.vk; md;tUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>(ALFIA)
nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 31> 2006. 161 jdpg;gl;l Ntiyahl;fisr; NrHg;gjw;fhd xg;ge;jk;(Fitj;) 01.10.2006 ,ypUe;J
eilKiwf;F ,lg;gl;lJ> ge;jp 3.
59
rhjhuzkhf Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F khjhe;j
mbg;gilapy; Ntjdk; toq;Ftjpy;iy. ,jw;Fg; gjpyhf tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;
jdJ xg;ge;j fhyj;ij G+Hj;jpahf;Fk; tiuapy; gy khjq;fSf;F Ntjdq;fis
toq;fhky; itj;jpUg;gJ tof;fk;. rpyrkaq;fspy; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; ,ileLNt tpyfp Xlhky; ,Ug;gjw;F mtHfspd; Ntjdq;fis
gpbj;J itj;jpUg;gij xU je;jpNuhghakhfTk; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. xU tPl;Lg;
gzpahsH $Wifapy;:
ehd; ,yq;iff;Fj; jpUk;gp tUk;tiu vd;dplk; rT+jp mNugpa
ehzaq;fs; vJTNk iffspy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy... rT+jp mNugpahit
tpl;Lg; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;dH mtHfs; vd;dplk; xU
fhNrhiyiaj; je;jdH. mtHfs; tPl;by; Kd;dH ,Ue;j gzpg;
ngz;fs; jg;gpNahbagbahy; vd;dplk; gzk; ju tpUk;gtpy;iy
vd epidf;fpNwd;. ehd; vdJ Ntjdj;ij KjnyhU re;jHg;gj;jpy;
Nfl;bUe;Njd;.... ehd; mt;tpjk; jg;gpNahlhkypUg;gjw;fhfNt
mtHfs; vdf;Fg; gzk; jutpy;iynad ehd; epidf;fpNwd;>162
vd;whH.
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; Ntjdq;fis Ntiynfhs;NthH gpbj;J
itj;jpUf;ifapy; ,Wjpapy; mtHfs; J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Mshfpa epiyapy;
jg;gpNahLifapy;> gpbj;J itj;jpUf;fg;gLk; ,t;Ntjdq;fSf;F mtHfs;
Vkhw;wg;gLfpd;wdH. ,t;twpf;ifapy; gpd;dH tpghpf;fg;gl;lJ Nghd;W njhopy;
rk;ge;jg;gl;l tof;Ffspy; fhzg;gLk; xU jiyg;gl;rkhd epiy
kw;Wk; ,ilntspfs; tof;fpd; ,Wjpj; jPHkhdq;fspy; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F
nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;glhj Ntjdj;ij Nfhhp ngw;Wf; nfhs;tij
fbdkhf;Ffpd;wJ vd;gJld; jq;fSf;F nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba
Ntjdq;fspd; KOj;njhifiaAk; xUNghJk; ngw;wjpy;iy my;yJ ve;jnthU
njhifiaANk ngw;wjpy;iynad mNefH njhptpj;jdH. ,e;jg; gpur;rpid
mtrufhy #o;epiyfspd; NghJk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ@ cjhuzkhf 2006 Mk;
Mz;L A+iy khjj;jpy; nygdhd; ehl;by; Vw;gl;l Aj;jj;jpd;NghJ jg;gpNahba
gy tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; gpbj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;j jq;fspd; Ntjdq;fspd;
epYitfis ngw;Wf; nfhs;sNtapy;iy. ,yq;ifAk; nygdhDk; Vw;W
mq;fPfhpj;J rl;ltY mspf;fg;gl;l Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G kPjhd rHtNjr
njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; 95 Mk; ,yf;f rkthak;> gzpahsHfSf;F Ntjdq;fs;
fpukkhd Kiwapy; Neubahf nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;gLtJld;> Ntiyia
Muk;gpg;gjw;F Kd;dH nfhLg;gdTfs; njhlHghd epge;jidfs; gw;wp
mwpTWj;jg;gly; Ntz;LnkdTk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.163 Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G
rkthaj;jpd; Vw;ghLfs; kPJ Jiz topfhl;Ljy;fis toq;Fk; rHtNjr
162 vy;. mkpHjpdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. ];nfypa> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 13> 2006.
163 Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G njhlHghd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; rkthak; ,y.95 cWg;Giu 2(2)-
(3).
60
njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; Ntjdg; ghJfhg;gpw;fhd ghpe;Jiufs;>
gzpahsHfSf;fhd Cjpak; khjhe;j my;yJ tUlhe;j mbg;gilapy;
epHzapf;fg;gl;L> Fiwe;jgl;rk; khjnkhUKiw toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.164
Ntjdq;fisg; gpbj;J itj;jpUf;Fk; ,e;jg; gutyhd eilKiwahdJ tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfsJ Ntjdq;fspypUe;J Ntiynfhs;NthH vNjr;rhjpfhukhdJk;>
Kiwaw;wJkhd fopTfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F VJthfpd;wJ. ,t;twpf;iff;fhf
NeH fhzg;gl;l tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspy; mNefH jq;fsJ Ntiynfhs;NthH
xd;wpypUe;J MW khj fhyq;fSf;fhd Ntjdq;fis> mNefk; rhpahf %d;W
khjq;fSf;fhd Ntjdq;fis mtHfsJ tpkhd kPs;jpUk;gy; fl;lzkhf
fopj;jdH vd Kiwapl;ldH. XH mDgtk; tha;e;j njhopy; KftH kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $Wifapy; njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fspd;gb XH
gzpahsH xg;ge;jj;ijg; G+Hj;jpahf;Fk; nghOJ toikapy; Ntiynfhs;NthNu
gzpahshpd; kPs;jpUk;Gk; tpkhdg; gazj;jpw;fhd fl;lzj;ij nrYj;j
Ntz;Lnkd Fwpg;gpl;lhH: “tpjpfspd;gb gzpg;ngz;zpd; Ntjdj;jpy; Ntiy
nfhs;Nthuhy; fopTfs; vjidAk; Nkw;nfhs;s KbahJ.............. gzpg;ngz;
xg;ge;j fhyj;ijg; G+Hj;jp nra;Ak; nghOJ Ntiynfhs;NthH
mg;gzpg;ngz;zpw;F kPs; jpUk;Gtjw;fhd tpkhdg; gazf; fl;lzj;ij
nrYj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mJ xg;ge;jj;jpNyNa cs;sJ.”165 toikahf xg;ge;jq;fs;>
gzpahsHfs; jq;fsJ gzpapypUe;J Kjy; %d;W khjq;fSf;Fs; jpUk;gpr;
nry;yhJ tpl;lhy; jq;fsJ kPs;jpUk;gy; tpkhdg; gazj;jpw;F nfhLg;gdT
nra;aj; Njitapy;iynad $Wfpd;wJ.166
Fitj; ehl;bd; cs;Jiw mikr;R tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd xg;ge;jj;ij
xNu tpjkhf juepHzag;gLj;jpAs;sJld; xf;NlhgH 1> 2006 ,ypUe;J mjid
eilKiwg; gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,jd;gb tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; vt;tsT fhyk;
gzpahw;wpdhHfs; vd;gijf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;shJ mtHfs; jpUk;gpr;
nry;tjw;fhd fl;lzj;ij Ntiy nfhs;NthNu nrYj;j Ntz;Lnkdf;
$wg;gl;Ls;sJ.167 If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd
164 Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G njhlHghd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; ghpe;Jiu ,y.85>
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ A+iy 1> 1949 cWg;Giu 4(gp)
165 Xa;Tngw;w njhopy; KftH xUtUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;
(ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006.
166 X.rrpe;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. ,wk;Gf;fid> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 6> 2006.
167 m`kl; rHf;fhhpahtpd;> “xf;NlhgH 1 ,ypUe;J eilKiwahFk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd;
khw;wj; jil” nla;yp ];uhH gjpg;G> Mf];l; 26-27> 2006. jg;gpNahLk; gzpg;ngz;fspd;
jpUg;gpaDg;Gk; tpkhdg; gazr; nryT nfhLg;gdTfspypUe;J Ntiynfhs;Nthhpw;F
tpyf;fspj;j Fitj; Njrpa rigapd; cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ghJfhg;Gf; FOtpdhy;
mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;l etk;gH 2006 ,d; nfhs;iffis> jpUg;gpaDg;gg; gLjy; nryTfs;
njhlHghf xNutpjkhd juepHzag;gLj;jg;gl;l xg;ge;j Vw;ghLfs; khw;wPL nra;fpd;wd.
61
xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l xg;ge;jk;> xg;ge;jk; G+Hj;jpahf;fg;gLjiy mLj;Jk; kw;Wk;
Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; xg;ge;jk; chpafhyj;jpw;F Kd;dNu KbTWj;jg;
gLk;nghOJk; Ntiynfhs;NthNu tpkhdg; gazr;rPl;il nfhs;tdT
nra;aNtz;Lnkd Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.168 kj;jpa fpof;fpd; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd
mjd; khjphp njhopy; xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg;
gzpafk;> xg;ge;jk; G+Hj;jp nra;ag;gly;> gzpahshpd; cly; eyf;FiwT my;yJ
xg;ge;jj;jpd; epge;jidfis Ntiynfhs;NthH kPWtJ cl;gl mNefkhd
epiyikfspd; fPo; Ntiynfhs;NthNu kPs;jpUk;Gtjw;fhd tpkhdf; fl;lzj;ij
nfhLj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.169 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd;
njhopYf;fhf Gyk;ngaHjYf;fhd ghpe;Jiu (,y.86) Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH
xUtH mtH nghWg;ghf khl;lhj fhuzj;jpw;fhf jdJ Ntiyia tpl;L tpyfpr;
nry;yNtz;bNaw;gl;lhy; mtuJ kPs;gazj;jpw;fhd nryT ve;j rkaj;jpYk;
gzpahsH (gzpg;ngz;) kPjhdjhf mikjy; $lhnjd njhptpf;fpd;wJ.170
Ntiynfhs;NthH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; Ntjdq;fspypUe;J mtHfspd;
tUifapd; gpd;dH fl;lhakhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba kUj;Jtr;
Nrhjidfs;> kUe;Jfs;> kUj;Jtf; ftdpg;Gf;fs;> Njrpa milahs ml;il>
tprh mDkjpiag; GJg;gpj;jy;> rPUil kw;Wk; Vida cilfs;> czT>
rtHf;fhuk;> gw;J}hpif> gw;gir> vd mtrpakhd nghUl;fspd; nryTfs; kw;Wk;
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; gzpapy; Vw;gLk; jtWfnsd fUjg;gLgitf;fhd jz;lg;
gznkd vNjr;rhjpfhukhf fopTfis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdH. mNefkhd
Ntiynfhs;NthH Ntjdj;jpypUe;jhd fopTfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLnkd;gjw;F ve;j
Kd;dwptpj;jy;fisAk; nfhLg;gjpy;iy. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; gzpahsHfs;>
jq;fsJ xg;ge;j Kbtpd;NghJ gpbj;J itj;jpUf;Fk;
Ntjdj;jpy; ,r;nryTfSf;fhd fopTfis Nkw;nfhz;L kPjpg; gzj;ij
toq;Fk;NghNj fopTfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUg;gjid mwpe;J nfhs;fpd;wdH.
njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fspy; nghJthf czT kw;Wk; ,Ug;gplq;fSf;fhd nryTfs;>
tprh mDkjpiag; GJg;gpj;jy; kw;Wk; Vida epHthfr; nryTfs; vd;gtw;iw
Ntiynfhs;NthNu nghWg;Ngw;gjhff; $wg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,yq;if ntspehl;L
Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; fl;lha gapw;rpia Nkw;nfhs;Sk; gapw;WdHfs;
gp. ,rhf;>”jg;gpNahLgtHfspd; Ntiynfhs;NthH nghWg;gpypUe;J tpLglyhk;”> Fitj; ilk;];>
etk;gH 20> 2006.
168 tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kw;Wk; mDruizahsHfSf;fhd njhopy; xg;ge;jk; (I.m.,) Vg;gpuy;
1> 2007 ,y; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. cWg;Giu 3>9.
169 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspy; ,yq;ifapd;
tPl;L cjtpahsHfSf;fhd khjphp njhopy; xg;ge;jk; (1990) ge;jp 5> 10(V)-(rp)>
170 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fhd Gyk;ngaHjy; njhlHghd
ghpe;Jiufs; ,y.86 (jpUj;jpaJ 1949) Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ A+iy 1> 1949. cWg;Giu 26(1)(a).
mgptpUj;jp Fiwe;j ehLfs; kw;Wk; Ml;Gy vy;iyfSs; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs;
ghJfhj;jy; njhlHghd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; ghpe;Jiu ,y.100 IAk; ghHf;fTk;>
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ A+d; 22> 1955. cWg;Giu 10 (b)> Njrpa rl;l tYthf;fYld;
njhlHGgl;bUf;fhjjpdhy; rkthaj;jpd; rl;ltYf; flg;ghl;ilf; nfhz;buhj rHtNjr
njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; ghpe;JiufisAk; ghHf;fTk;. ,it rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgd mq;fj;Jt
ehLfSf;F topfhl;ly;fis toq;Ffpd;wd.
62
kw;Wk; Ml;NrHg;G KftHfSk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ Vid nryTfis Ntiy
nfhs;NthNu Vw;gjhf njhptpg;gH. rT+jp mNugpahtpYs;s xU
gzpg;ngz;zpd; Ntiy nfhs;NthH rT+jp mNugpahtpy; ngz;fs; mzpAk; KO
ePs gHjh cilf;fhfTk; kw;Wk; mtuJ Fspayiwg; nghUl;fSf;Fkhf ehd;F
khj Ntjdq;fisf; fopj;jpUe;jhH.171 Fitj; ehl;bYs;s ,d;DNkhH
gzpahshpd; Ntiynfhs;NthH 40>000 &gha;fis (355 m.nlhyHfs;) my;yJ
%d;W khjj;jpw;fhd Ntjdj;ij mg;gzpg;ngz; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l kUj;Jtf;
ftdpg;GfSf;fhf Ntjdj;jpypUe;J fopj;Jf; nfhz;lhH.172 rHtNjr
njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G kPjhd rkthak; ,y.95> cs;@H
rl;lj;jpw;F mikthfTk; Ntiy nfhs;Nthhpw;Fk;> gzpahsHfSf;Fkpilapyhd
XH vOj;JUtpyhd cld;gbf;ifapy; $wg;gl;lit jtpHe;j Vida topfspy;
Ntjdq;fspypUe;J fopTfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg; gLtij jil nra;fpd;wJ.173
,e;j mwpf;iff;fhf ehk; NeHfhzy; nra;j ve;jg; ngz;fSNk nfhLg;gdT
nra;ag;glhj jq;fs; Ntjdj;jpw;fhf el;l<l;ilg; ngwhjJld; ,tHfSs;
mNefkhf KOj; njhifapdUNk jhq;fs; ehlf;$ba epthuz topKiwfs;
gw;wp mwpahjpUe;jdH. Fitj; ehl;by; gzpGhpAk; xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;
$@Wifapy;>“ehd; Ntjdq;fs; vJTk; nfhLf;fg;glhky; xU tUlKk; ehd;F
khjq;fSk; gzpnra;J Kbj;jpUf;fpNwd;> md;wpypUe;J vdf;F xU rjNkDk;
Ntjdkhf toq;fg;gltpy;iy. J}juf cj;jpNahfj;jH vdf;F ngw;W
mDg;Gtjhf $wpdhH. Mdhy; mtH vjidAk; vdf;F mDg;gtpy;iy...
ehd; ,t;tsT fhyKk; gzpahw;wpAk; $l vdf;F ehd;F khjr; rk;gsk;
kl;LNkAs;sJ”> vd;whH.174 jhq;fs; ,yq;iff;F jpUk;gpr; nrd;why; nfhLg;gdT
nra;ag;glhj Ntjdj;ij jq;fshy; kPsg;ngw Kbahnjd cz;ikapy;
ek;Gfpd;wdH. XU ngz;zpd; nygdhdpYs;s Ntiynfhs;NthH ehd;F
khjq;fshf jdpNa gj;J mnkhpf;f nlhyHfis kl;LNk nfhLg;gdT nra;J
Vkhw;wpapUg;gij mtH ,yq;if tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUe;j
ehzakhw;W tpfpjj;ijg; ghprPypj;Jg; ghh;j;j nghONj mwpe;J nfhz;lhH. “ehd; vdJ Ntiynfhs;Nthiu njhiyNgrpapy; mioj;J ,jidg; gw;wpf; Nfl;f
171 [p. rpj;jpuhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wpahj;> rT+jp mNugpah>
brk;gH 6> 2006.
172 vk;. `pdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. jp`hhp> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 8> 2006.
173 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G rktha ,y.95 cWg;Giu 8(1).
174 Fkhhp ,e;Jepy; cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;
(Ntz;LNfhspd;gb cz;ikg; ngaNu gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ) ,wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if> etk;gH
6> 2006.
63
epidj;Njd;> Mdhy; ,e;jg; gpur;rpid nygdhdpy; Muk;gpj;jJ> vdNt mij
mg;gbNa iftpl;L tpl;Nld;”175
Ntjdr; Ruz;ly;
rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;
vd;gtw;wpy; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhopy; rl;lq;fspypUe;J
tpyf;fg;gl;Ls;sdH. ,J ,e;j ehLfspy; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Nkyjpf Neu
NtiyfSf;fhd nfhLg;gdit ngWk; chpikia kWg;gJld; Fitj; kw;Wk;
nygdhd; ehLfspy; Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdq;fSf;fhd rl;lq;fspypUe;J
ed;ikailtjidAk; jLf;fpd;wJ. (gphpT V> “njhopy; rl;lq;fspy; ,Ue;J tpyf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; vd;gijg; ghHf;fTk;). If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; kw;Wk;
Fitj; vd;gd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F Kiwrhuhj tifapy; Fiwe;jgl;r
Ntjdj;ij epHzapj;Js;sd. ,J ,e;j ehLfspy; Vida njhopyhsHfs;
<l;Lk; eilKiwapYs;s Ntjdj;ijtpl fzprkhdsT Fiwe;jitahFk;.176
,yq;if tPl;L gzpahsHfs;> ,e;j ehLfspy; ,Nj jd;ikAk;> kjpg;Gk; nfhz;l
Ntiyfisg; GhpAk; mjd; gpuirfs; kw;Wk; Vida ehl;Lg; gpuirfis tpl
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy; Fiwthd Ntjdq;fisNa ngWfpd;wdH. rT+jp mNugpah>
Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; vd;gtw;wpy; jq;fsJ
Ntiynfhs;NthH cldpUf;Fk; cs;tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mNefkhf vg;NghJk;
Nkyjpf Ntiy nfhLg;gdtpd;wp XH Fwpj;j epiyahd Ntjdq;fis
ngWfpd;wdH. ehnshd;Wf;F mNefk; 16 kzpj;jpahyq;fspypUe;J mjpfgl;rkhf
21 kzpj;jpahyq;fs; tiuapYk;> rpy rkaq;fspy; Njitahd miof;Fk;
Ntisfspnyy;yhk; gzpahw;Wjnyd ePz;l Neuq;fs;
gzpahw;wpdhYk; ,t;tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; kzpj;jpahyj;jpw;fhd Ntjd tPjk;
kpff; Fiwthdjhf> fzpj;Jg; ghHf;Fk;NghJ kzpj;jpahynkhd;Wf;F
15 ,ypUe;J 30 rjq;fs; tiuapNyNa ngWfpd;wdH.177
gzpahsHfspdhy; ehl;bw;Fs; mDg;gg;gLk; gzj;jpdhyhd nghUshjhu
ed;ikfshy; mthTw;W mjpf vz;zpf;ifapyhd ehLfs; Fiwe;j
tUkhdj;jpYk; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fshf Gyk;ngaHtjw;F J}z;Ljy;
175 v];.fpU\;zDldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
k];nfypah> ,yq;if> etk;gH 13> 2006.
176 jdpg;gl;l Ntiyahl;fis Ml;NrHg;gjw;fhd xg;ge;jk; (Fitj;) xf;NlhgH 1> 2006 ,y;
eilKiwg; gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ge;jp 3@ fhjH> “gzpg;ngz;fspd; Ntjdj;ij ,yq;if caHj;jpaJ”> tisFlh nra;jpfs;>”,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;fSf;F I.m.,uhr;rpaj;jpy; caH Ntjdq;fs;”> nla;yp epA+];.
177 ,f;fzpg;gPL kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhptpj;j khjhe;j
Ntjdq;fis (80-142 m.nlhyHfs;) ehnshd;Wf;F 16-18 kzpj;jpahyq;fs;> khjnkhd;Wf;F 30
ehl;fs; vDk; mbg;gilapy; fzpf;fg;gl;lJ.
64
mspf;fpd;wd. ,e;j rHtNjr Nghl;bapd; tpisthf ,yq;if njhopy;
KftHfs; ,yq;ifg; gzpahsHfsJ Ntjdj;ij NkYk; Fiwg;gjw;F Nguk;
NgrpdH. cz;ikapy; fhyk; nry;yr; nry;y ,jd; ngWkjp NkYk;
Fiwtile;jJ. gztPf;fj;jpw;Nfw;g rPHnra;j gpd;dH ,yq;if tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; 1994 ,y; <l;ba Ntjdj;ij tpl Ie;J klq;F mjpfkhf 1980
fspy; <l;bdH.178 me;jf; fhyg;gFjpapypUe;J Ntjdq;fs; kPz;Lk; fPo;Nehf;fp
ghjhsj;jpw;F rhpe;Js;sij rhd;Wfs; fhl;Lfpd;wd. 15 tUlq;fSf;F
Kd;dH ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; rT+jp mNugpahtpy; khjnkhd;Wf;F 400
wpahy;fis <l;bdH. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j
gzpahsHfs; jhq;fs; khjnkhd;Wf;F 300-400 wpahy;fs; (80-107 m.nlhyHfs;)
tiu jw;NghJ <l;Ltjhf njhptpj;jdH.179 gztPf;fj;jpw;Nfw;g rPHnra;ag;gl;l
jw;Nghija 400 wpahy;fs; Ntjdj;jpd; ngWkjp 1992 ,y; <l;ba Ntjdj;jpd;
kjpg;gpd; miug;gq;fhfNt cs;sJ.180 vdpDk; gztPf;fj;jpd;
fhuzkhf ,yq;ifapy; tho;f;ifr; nryT caHe;J> ghtidg; nghUl;fspd;
tpiyfs; mjpfhpj;Js;sd. ,jndhU tpisthf epiyahd Ntjdq;fspd;
cz;ikg; ngWkhdk; (mjhtJ> tPl;Lg; ghtidahsHfs; Ntjdq;fspd;
nfhs;tdTj; jpwd;) ehzaj;jpd; jsk;gy;fSf;Nfw;g <LnfhLf;fhJ fle;j
fhyq;fspy; tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ.181
rT+jp mNugpahtpy;> ,yq;ifapd; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; jdpahH
Jiwapd; eilKiwapYs;s Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdj;jpd; Ie;jpnyhU gq;ifNa
cz;ikapy; rk;ghjpf;fpd;wdH. rT+jp mNugpahtpy; Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdnkd
cj;jpNahfG+Htkhf epHzapf;fg;glhJ tpl;lhYk;> Xa;T+jpaj; jpl;lj;jpw;fhd
fl;lha gq;fspg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; jdpahH Jiwapy; cz;ikapy; Fiwe;jgl;r
Ntjdkhf 1500 wpahy;fs; (400 m.nlhyHfs;) fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.182 ve;j
njhopyhsHfSf;Fk; Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdg; ghJfhg;ig toq;fhj If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsH fSf;fhf
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdk; 600 buhk;fs; kl;LNk (161
178 `k;NgHl;bd;> “rikayiwf; fuz;bapd; ifgpb” gf;fk; 64.
179 Xa;Tngw;w njhopy; KftUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. (ngaH
kiwf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ)> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006. rT+jp mNugpah XH epiyahd ehzakhw;W
tpfpjj;ijf; nfhz;l ehL. rT+jp mNugpa wpahy; 1986 ,ypUe;J m.nlhyH xd;Wf;F 3.75
wpahy;fs; vd;Dk; tpfpjj;jpy; epiyehl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
180 nfhOk;G EfHNthH tpiyr;Rl;nlz;izg; gad;gLj;jp gztPf;fj;jpw;F rPHnra;J ghHj;jhy;
1992 ,y; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; 400 wpahy;fSf;F rkdhf 4660 &ghit ngw;wdH. 2007
Mk; Mz;by; ,jd; ngWkjp 20>162 &gha;fshFk;. Mdhy; jw;NghJ 2007 ,y; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfsJ 400 wpahy;fs; 12>053 &gha;fSf;F rkdhd ngWkjpapidNa nfhz;Ls;sd.
181 `k;NgHl;bd;> “rikayiwf; fuz;bapd; ifgpb” gf;fk; 248.
182 mnkhpf;f mur jpizf;fsj;jpd; [dehafk;> kdpj chpikfs; kw;Wk; njhopy;fsp;d;
mYtYfk; “ehLfspd; kdpj chpik eilKiwfspd; mwpf;if”-2006:khHr; 6> 2007. http://www.state.gov/g/drl/ris/hrrpt/2006/78862.htm (accessed June 1, 2007).
65
m.nlhyHfs;)183 ,J Mz;fshy; Ghpag;gLk; rhujp kw;Wk; Njhl;lf;fhuH Nghd;w
gzpj; JiwfSf;F eilKiwapy; toq;fg;gLk; Ntjdj;ij tpl
FiwthdjhFk;. nygdhd; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis mjd; Ntjdg;
ghJfhg;gpypUe;J tpyf;fpAs;sJ. ,jdhy; ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;
cz;ikapy; rl;lj;jpdhy; cj;juthjg;gLj;jg;gl;l Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdj;jpd;
miug;gq;ifNa ngWfpd;wdH.184 Fitj; ehl;bd; njhopy; rl;lq;fs; jdpahHJiw
CopaHfSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdnkd xd;iw epHzapf;fhJ tpl;lhYk;
muRJiw CopaHfSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdg; ghJfhg;ig toq;FtJld;
Fitj; gpuirfSf;F ,e;jf; Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdk; 200 bdhHfshfTk; (710
m.nlhyHfs;)> gpuirfsy;yhjtHfSf;F 90 bdhHfshfTk; (320
m.nlhyHfs;) epHzapj;Js;sJ.185 Fitj; ehl;bd; cs;Jiw mikr;rpd;
juepHzak; nra;ag;gl;l tPl;Lg; gzpahsH xg;ge;jj;jpy; Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdk;>
gpuirfsy;yhj njhopyhsHfSf;F cj;juthjkspf;fg;gl;l Fiwe;jgl;r
Ntjdj;jpd;186 miug;gq;if tplf; Fiwthd 40 bdhHfs; (142 m.nlhyHfs;)
kl;LNknad Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; nghUshjhu r%f
kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfSf;fhd rig jdpahH JiwapYs;s tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; Nghd;w gpuirfsy;yhj njhopyhsHfSk; XH nfsutkhd
tho;f;if epiyfis mDgtpg;gjw;F VJthf Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdg; ghJfhg;ig
mtHfSf;Fk; toq;Fk;gb NfhhpAs;sJ.187
Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ Ntjdq;fs;> gzpg;ngz;zpd; Njrpak; kw;Wk;
mtH rhHe;Js;s kjk; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; NtWgLfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifg;
183 1980 ,y; njhopy; rl;lk; ,y.8 murhq;fk; XH Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdj;ij epHzapf;f
Ntz;Lnkd $wpAs;sNghJk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdj;ij
eilKiwapypltpy;iy. njhopy; njhlHG kPjhd 1980 ,d; $l;luRr; rl;l ,y.8 1980 cWg;Giu
63. nrg;nlk;gH 1> 2007 md;W 600 buhk;fshf caHj;Jk;tiu ,yq;if tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfSf;fhd Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdk; 550 buhk;fshf (150 m.nlhyHfs;) ,Ue;jJ. Rizvi, “Minimum Wages for Sri Lankan Domestic Help is now in Force”, Khaleej Times; Kader “Sri Lanka hikes Wages of Maids”, Gulf News,”Higher Wages for U.A.Es Lankan Maids” Daily News. 184 nygdhdpy; Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdk; khjhe;jk; 300>000 gTz;];> RkhH 200 m.nlhyH
ngWkjpahdjhf ,Uf;ifapy; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; Ma;Tfs; ,yq;if tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; cz;ikapy; khjhe;jk; RkhH 100 m.nlhyHfisNa <l;Ltjhf Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
decret no 8733 du 8 juillet 1996 fizant le salaire minimal officiel des employes et des ouvriers ainsi que le taux de cherte de vie, Argus de la Legistation libanaise, 1996, Vol.42 no.4 (July 8, 2006), pp.5-6. 185 mnkhpf;f mur jpizf;fsk;> [dehafk;> kdpj chpikfs; kw;Wk; njhopy;fspd;
mYtyfj;jpd;> “ehLfspd; kdpj chpikfs; eilKiwfspd; mwpf;if”> - 2006 Fitj;- khHr;
6> 2007. http://www.state.gov/g/drl/ris/hrrpt/2006/78856.htm (accessed June 1, 2007) 186 xf;NlhgH 1> 2006 ,y; eilKiwf;fplg;gl;l jdpg;gl;l gzpahl;fis Ntiyf;F
Ml;NrHg;gjw;fhd xg;ge;jk;> ge;jp 3.
187 nghUshjhu r%f kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfs; kPjhd If;fpa ehLfspd; FO> “Fitj;:r%f
kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfs; kPjhd ,Wjp mtjhdpg;Gfs;”> E/C, 12/1/Add 98, June 7, 2004. http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/E.C.12.1.Add.98.En?Opendocument. (accessed May 30, 2007), para.34.
66
gzpahsHfs; gpypg;igd;]; kw;Wk; ,e;NjhNd\pa ehl;Lg; gzpahsHfis tpl
FiwthfNt rk;ghjpg;gJld; K];ypk; kj gzpahsHfs; Vida kj
ek;gpf;iffs; nfhz;l gzpahsHfis tpl $Ljyhd Ntjdj;ijg; ngWfpd;wdH.
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F tp. eadhjpdp vd;Dk; gzpg;ngz;
$Wifapy;>“rT+jp mNugpahtpy; vq;fSf;F 400 wpahy;fs; (107 m.nlhyHfs;)
kl;LNk fpilf;fpd;wJ. ,J NghJkhdjy;y... gpypg;igd;]; ehl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;
800 wpahy;fisAk; (213 m.nlhyHfs;)> ,e;NjhNd\paHfs; 600 wpahy;fisAk;
(160 m.nlhyHfs;) ngWfpd;wdH. mtHfs; nra;fpd;w mNjasT
Ntiyfisj;jhd; ehq;fSk; nra;fpd;Nwhk;>“188 vd;whH. kw;WnkhU gzpahsH
$Wifapy;>“nygdhdpy; jug;gLk; rk;gsk; NghjhJ> vdf;F khjk; xd;wpw;F 100 m.nlhyHfNs fpilj;jJ...... gpypg;igd;]; ehl;Lg; ngz;fs; 200 m.nlhyHfisg;
ngw;wdH> Mdhy; ,yq;ifg; ngz;fSf;F 100 m.nlhyHfs; kl;LNk. ,J
ghugl;rkhdJ. gpypg;igd;]; NjrKk; twpa ehL> ,yq;ifAk; twpa ehL>
Vdpe;j NtWghL”>189 vd;whH.
,yq;if murhq;fk; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd Ntjdj;ij
mjpfhpg;gjw;fhd xU Ngr;RthHj;ijf;F Kaw;rpj;jJ. MapDk; mJ> ,e;jg;
Ngr;RthHj;ijapd; %yk; Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfs; ,ijtpl Fiwe;j
Ntjdj;jpw;F Ml;fis mDg;Gk; Vida ehLfspypUe;J gzpahsHfis
gzpf;fkHj;j Kaw;rpg;gjd; %yk; jq;fsJ njhopypy; ,yhgkpy;yhJ
Ngha;tpLnkd mr;rKw;w njhopy; KftHfspd; vjpHg;gpid
re;jpj;jJ. ,yq;ifapd; [dhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;r 2007 f;fhd tuT
nryTj;jpl;l ciuapy; $Wifapy;> murhq;fk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd
Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdkhf 2007 ,y; khjnkhd;Wf;F &gha; 25>000 (222
m.nlhyHfs;) epHzapj;J mLj;j %d;W tUlq;fspy; ,jid &gha;
50>000 ,w;F (444 m.nlhyHfs;) mjpfhpg;gJ Fwpj;Jg; NgrpdhH.190 vdpDk; njhopy;
KftHfs; jq;fs; njhopy; rq;f mikg;ghd gjpT nra;ag;gl;l ntspehl;L
Ntiytha;g;G KftH rq;fk; (ALFEA) %yk; jq;fs; Ml;Nrgidiaj;
njhptpj;jij njhlHe;J ,J iftplg;gl;lJ.191 ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G
Cf;Ftpg;G kw;Wk; eyd;Ghp mikr;rH nffypa uk;Gf;nty> Nk
2007 ,y;> ,yq;if murhq;fk; Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfSld; ,yq;if tPl;Lg;
188 eadhjpdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wk;Ng> ,yq;if> etk;gH
5> 2006.
189 MH. cNgf;\hTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> oy;FNl> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 6> 2006.
190 2007 tuT nryTj;jpl;l ciu>”ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;GfSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r rk;gs
epHzak;” ge;jp 30> kPs;gpuRuk;> nla;yp kpuH (nfhOk;G) etk;gH 17> 2006 pA 17.
191 [fj; nts;stj;jAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy; (,.nt.Nt.g)
nfhOk;G> etk;gH 16> 2006 “Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; kPjhd mtru jPHkhdk;”> rd;Nl ilk;];
(nfhOk;G)> khHr; 11> 2007. http://www.sundaytimes.lk/070311/FinancialTimes/ft308.html (accessed September 6, 2007).
67
gzpahsHfsJ Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdkhf 400 m.nlhyHfis epHzapg;gJ Fwpj;J
Ngr;RthHj;ij elhj;j jpl;lkpl;Ls;sjhf mwptpj;jhH.192 ,yq;if ntspehl;L
Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; xU mjpfhhp kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg; gfj;jpw;F
$Wifapy; “ehk; ,g;nghOJ Ntjdq;fSf;fhd XH ju epHzaj;ij cUthf;f
Kay;fpNwhk;. 125 m.nlhyHfSf;Ff; FiwahjJk;> NtW rpy ehLfSf;F 150
m.nlhyHfSf;Fk; FiwahjJkhd vd;fpd;w XH vy;iyf;F Nkw;gl;l Ntjd
msTfis kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfSf;F mwptpj;J tUfpd;Nwhk;. nygdhd;
ehl;by; rpy ,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;fs; 100 m.nlhyHfNs toq;fg;gl;l frg;ghd
mDgtq;fisf; nfhz;bUg;gjhy; ,e;j tplaj;jpy; ehk; rw;Wf;
fLikahfNt ,Uf;fpNwhk;. rpy ehLfspy; Ntjdq;fs; kpfTk; Fiwthdit
vd;gJld; nygdhd; ehl;Lf;fhd Ml;NrHg;G KftHfsplk;> 130
m.nlhyHfSf;Ff; Fiwthd Ntjdj;jpw;F ,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;fs;
gzpGhptij vjpHghHf;f Ntz;lhnkDk; xU fLikahd nfhs;if
epiyg;ghl;bid ehk; toq;fpapUf;fpNwhk;”> vd;whH.193
ngz;fspw;nfjpuhd midj;J tifahd ghugl;rq;fisAk; ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;
kPjhd rkthaj;jpd; (CEDAW) XH jug;gpduhd rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;>
nygdhd; kw;Wk; ,yq;if vd;gd “ed;ikfs; kw;Wk; rkdhd xNu kjpg;Gila
gzpfspy; rkdhd xNutpjkhf elhj;Jjy; cl;gl rkdhd Cjpaj;jpw;fhd
chpikfisAk;”194 toq;Ffpd;wd.
nghUshjhu r%f kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfSf;fhd rHtNjr rkthaj;jpd;
(ICESCR) xU jug;gpduhd Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; ,yq;if Nghd;wd
rkthaj;jpd;gb gzpapy; epahakhd epge;jidfs; vd;gJ midj;Jg;
gzpahsHfSf;Fk; toq;fg;gLk; CjpakhdJ> Fiwe;jgl;rk; epahakhdjhfTk;
xNu jd;ikahd rkdhd kjpg;Gf; nfhz;l NtiyfSf;F vt;tpj
NtWghLfSkpd;wp Fwpg;ghf ngz;fSf;F Mz;fs; mDgtpf;Fk; Ntiy
epiyikfSf;F Fiwty;yhj Ntiy epiyikfs;> rkdhd gzpfSf;F
rkdhd Cjpak; vd;w cj;juthjk; vd;gtw;Wld; mtHfs; kw;Wk;
mtHfsJ FLk;gj;jpduJ nfsutkhd tho;f;if epiyia toq;FtijAk;195
cs;slf;fpapUg;gjhf mike;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd $Wfpd;wd. ,e;j chpikfs;
192 re;Jd; V [aNrfu> “tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fspd; Ntjd caHTf;fhf murhq;fk;
Ngr;RthHj;ij”> nla;yp kpuH (nfhOk;G) Nk 3> 2007
http://www.dailymirror.lk/2007/05/03/news/3.asp (accessed September 6, 2007). 193 vy;.Nf W`_DNfAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. ,.nt.Nt.g>
nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 30> 2006.
194 ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd midj;J tifahd ghugl;rq;fisAk; ,y;yhnjhopj;jy; kPjhd rkthak;
(CEDAW), 1979> brk;gH 18 Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. nghJr;rig jPHkhdk; 34/180> 34 UN GAOR Supp. (no.46) at193,u.n Doc A/34/46, eilKiwf;fplg;gl;lJ nrg;nlk;gH 3> 1981. cWg;Giu 11(1)(d). 195 nghUshjhu r%f kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfs; kPjhd rHtNjr rkthak; (ICESCR) Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sg;gl;lJ brk;gH 16> 1966. G.A Res.2200A(XXI) 21 U.N. GAOR Supp.(No.16) at 49, U.N. Doc.A/6316 (1966), 993 U.N.T.S. 3, eilKiwapyplg;gl;lJ [dthp 3> 1976> cWg;Giu 7(a).
68
ghugl;rkpd;wp ngz;fSf;Fk; toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.196 kdpj chpikfSf;fhd
rHtNjr gpufldk; (UDHR) xt;nthUtUk; ve;jg; ghugl;rKkpd;wp rkdhd
gzpfSf;F rkdhd Cjpaj;ijAk; kw;Wk; kdpj nfsutj;jpw;F mikthd XH
tho;f;if elhj;Jtij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd epahakhdJk;>
mD$ykhdJkhd Cjpaj;jpw;F chpik cilatHfnsd $Wfpd;wJ.197
rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk; njhopypd;
Nghjhd chpikfs; kPjhd gpufldk;> rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; midj;J
cWg;gpdHfSk; epiyehl;lf; flikg;gl;Ls;s njhopyhsHfspd; mbg;gil
chpikfSs;”Ntiy kw;Wk; njhopy; rk;ge;jkhd midj;Jg;
ghugl;rq;fisAk; ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;” vd;gijAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ.198 rHtNjr
njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; cWg;G ehLfshf rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd;
kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; murhq;fq;fs;> rk;ge;jg;gl;l
rkthaq;fspd; Vw;W rl;ltYthf;fg;gl;l me;j];J gw;wp ftdj;jpy; nfhs;shJ
Ntiyapy; ngz;fspd; ghugl;rkw;w chpikia Kd;dpWj;Jtjw;fhd XH
flg;ghl;ilf; nfhz;Ls;sd.199 rT+jp mNugpah> If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;>
nygdhd; kw;Wk; ,yq;if vd;gd rl;ltYtspj;Js;s rHtNjr
njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; rkdhd Cjpaj;jpw;fhd rktha ,yf;fk; 100> rkdhd
kjpg;Gf; nfhz;l NtiyfSf;F ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz;fs;
MfpNahH rkdhd Cjpaj;ijg; ngWtij muRfs; cWjp nra;aNtz;Lnkd
Ntz;LfpwJ.200 rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;> nygdhd;
kw;Wk; ,yq;if vd;gd rl;ltYtspj;Js;s rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd;
rktha ,yf;fk; 111> Ntiy kw;Wk; njhopypy; ghugl;rk; gw;wp fhprdk;
nfhs;tJld; rkdhd Ntiy tha;g;G re;jHg;gq;fis Kd;Ndw;wTk; kw;Wk;
196 muRfs; kPjhd ICESCR ,d; cWg;Giu 2> ghy;epiy vd;fpd;w ghugl;rkpd;wp
rkthaj;jpy; cs;slf;fg; gl;l chpikfs; mg;gpahrpf;fg;gLtij muRfs; cWjp
nra;aNtz;Lnkd;gijAk;> ,jd; cWg;Giu 3 rkthaj;jpYs;s chpikfis mDgtpg;gjw;F
ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz;fSf;fhd rkThpikia muRfs; cWjp nra;aNtz;LnkdTk; $Wfpd;wd.
197 rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; gpufldk; (UDHR) brk;gH 10> 1948 ,y; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. G.A.
Res.217A(III), U.N. Doc. A/810at 71 (1948), cWg;Giu 23(2)-(3) 198 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;wk; njhopypd; Ntjd chpikfs;
kPjhd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; gpufldk; (ILO gpufldk;) 86 MtJ gphpT> A+d; 18> 1998>
37 I.L.M. 1233 (1998), para 2(d). 199 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; gpufldk;>”midj;J cWg;gpdHfSk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l
rkthaj;jpw;F rl;ltY mspj;jpUf;fhtpbDk; ];jhgdj;jpd; cWg;gpdHfs; vd;w tifapy;
rkthaj;jpd; fUg; nghUshfpa mbg;gil chpikfs; njhlHghd Nfhl;ghLfis ];jhgdj;jpd;
mikg;gpw;fika ed;dk;gpf;ifNahL kjpg;gspf;fTk;> Kd;Ndw;wTk; kw;Wk; epiwNtw;Wjy;
Ntz;Lk;”> vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jhy; epHzapf;fg;gl;l mbg;gil
chpikfSs; ghugl;rkw;w epiynad;gJk; xd;whFk;. rHtNjr njhopy; kfhehL> ILO gpufldk;> ge;jp 2.
200 xNu kjpg;Gs;s NtiyfSf;F ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz;fSf;F rkdhd Cjpak; Fwpj;jhd
rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; rktha ,yf;fk; 100> A+d; 29> 1951 Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. 165
U.N.T.S. 303, eilKiwapyplg;gl;lJ Nk 23> 1953> cWg;Giu 2.
69
Ntiytha;g;gpy; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz;fis rkdhf elhj;jTk; murhq;fq;fis
Ntz;LfpwJ.201
cly; kw;Wk; cs hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfk;
ehd; khit vLg;gjw;F Kd;ghfNt mLg;ig gw;w itj;Jtpl;Nld;
vd;gjw;fhf v[khdp vdJ gpl;lj;jpy; cijj;jhH. mjd; gpd;dH
ehd; Neuq;fopj;J vOk;gpajw;fhf mbj;jhH. gpd; Ntiyia
Kbf;fhj ikf;fhf mbj;jhH. v[khdp jd; ifapy; vJ
fpilf;fpd;wNjh mjdhy; vd;idg; Nghl;L mbj;jhH.
rpyrkaq;fspy; mtH iff;F mfg;gLtJ XH
Jilg;gkhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;> rpyrkaq;fspy; mit
fj;jpfshfTk;.... ,Uf;Fk;. v[khdpapd; kfd;> “,yq;iff;F
jpUk;gpg; Nghfyhnkd;W epidf;fhNj> nrhy; NfshjtHfSf;nfd
,q;NfhH ,lKs;sJ. xU ehisf;F cd;id $l;br; nrd;W mq;F
tpl;LtpLNtd;> mq;Fs;stHfs; cd;id mbj;Jj;
Jd;GWj;JthHfs;”> vd;W $wpdhd;.” mtd; vd;id Vrp> “vdJ jha; $Wtjd;gb thia %bf; nfhz;L eha; khjphp Ntiy
nra;> ,y;yhtpl;lhy; cd; clk;gpy; xU vYk;G$l
kpQ;rhJ>“ vd;W $wpdhd;.202
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; cly; hPjpahd jhf;Fjy; Nghd;w Fw;wptpay;
J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;Fk; Kfk; nfhLj;jdH. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;
NeHfhzy; nra;j 100 tPl;Lg;ngz; gzpahsHfSs; Fiwe;jJ 20 gzpg;ngz;fs;
jq;fs; Ntiynfhs;NthH my;yJ mtHfsJ gps;isfshy; cly; hPjpahd
J\;gpuNahfq;fis mDgtpj;Js;sdH. mNefkhdtHfs; tha;thHj;ij %ykhd
J\;gpuNahfq;fs; cl;gl cs hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fisAk;
mDgtpj;Js;sdH. ,yq;if rHtNjr tpkhd epiyaj;ij te;jilAk; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfSf;F MjuT ey;Fk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G
gzpafj;jpd; ‘r`dgpar’ vDk; cjtp toq;Fk; eyd;Ghp mikg;G mjpfhhp
xUtH njhptpf;ifapy; fLikahd cly; hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fSld;
xt;nthU khjj;jpYk; %d;wpypUe;J gj;J NgH tiuapyhtJ ,e;j cjtp
epiyaj;jpw;F tUtjhf njhptpj;jhH.203
201 Ntiy kw;Wk; njhopypy; ghugl;rk; njhlHghd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd;
rktha ,yf;fk; 111. 1958 A+d; 25 ,y; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ> 362 U.N.T.S., A+d; 15>
1960 ,y; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. cWg;Giu 2.
202 vt;. E}Uldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. mj;jdfy> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 8> 2006.
203 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf mjpfhhpnahUtUldhd kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 17> 2006.
70
ngz;fs; kPJ cly; hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fshf mbj;jy;> ,Uk;ghy; RLjy;>
cijj;jy;> fd;dj;jpy; miwjy; kw;Wk; jiykapiug; gpbj;jpOj;jy; vd;gd
mwptpf;fg; gl;ld. tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F
$Wifapy; jq;fsJ Ntiynfhs;NthH jq;fis iffs;> nrUg;Gfs;> ,wg;gH
Foha;fs;> kpd; Jg;Guthf;fpfs;> Ngrpd;fs;> taHfs;> rq;fpypfs;> kug;gyiffs;>
Jilg;gf; fl;ilfs;> fj;jpfs;> ,Uk;Gr; rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; gpuk;G Nghd;wtw;why;
jhf;fg;gl;ljhf $wpdH. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; ,g;ngz;fis
NeHfhzy; nra;jnghOJ gy ngz;fs; ,j; J\;gpuNahfq;fspd;
milahsq;fshd #l;Lj; jSk;G> ntl;Lf; fPwy;fs;> fl;Lfs;> Fl;ilahf
ntl;lg;gl;l $e;jy; vd;gtw;iw fhl;bdH. rpy ngz;fs; jhk; ngw;Wf;
nfhz;l ,e;jf; fhaq;fs; fhuzkhf jiytyp> KJFtyp my;yJ iffshy;
rpy mirTfis Nkw;nfhs;s ,ayhik Nghd;w ePbj;j clyhNuhf;fpa
gpd;tpisTfis mDgtpg;gjhf $wpdhHfs;.
rpy ngz;fs; vq;fSf;Fj; njhptpf;ifapy; mtHfsJ Ntiynfhs;NthH
jq;fsJ Ntiyapy; Vw;gLk; jtWfSf;fhf jq;fis J\;gpuNahfk; nra;tjhff;
$wpdH. rT+jp mNugpahtpy; jdJ mDgtj;ij xU ngz; $Wifapy;> “XH rpwpa jtWf;Fk; $l mtHfs; vdf;F mbj;jhHfs;. epyj;jpy; rpwpJ
Fg;igapUe;jhYk; me;j tPl;Lg; ngz; vdJ iffis mjd; Nky; itj;J
Nja;g;ghH”204 Fitj; ehl;by; gzpGhpAk; kw;WnkhU ngz; $Wifapy;> “%j;j
ngz; rNfhjhp xUj;jp jd; ,isatspw;F
mbj;jhs;> ,isats; mOJ rj;jkpl;lhs;. mts; vjw;fhf mOfpwhs;
vd;W$l
Nfl;fhky; ehd; Foe;ijia mbj;Jtpl;ljhf v[khd; vd;id re;Njfpj;J
vd;id RtNuhL js;sp mbj;jhH. mtH vd;id iffshy; mbj;jhH> jdJ
rg;ghj;Jf; fhy;fshy; mbj;jhh;> mtH vdJ ,Lg;gpd; kPJ cijj;j nghOJ
ehd; fPNo tpOe;Njd;. vdJ ,Lg;gpy; typia ehd; czHe;Njd;> vdf;F xU
thukstpw;F me;j typapUe;jJ”205
204 lgps;A+. nry;tFkhhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 9> 2006.
205 vr;. tbTf;furpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
jythf;fiy> ,yq;if> etk;gH 12> 2006.
71
Ntiynfhs;Nthh;fs; jd;id kpfTk;
J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;Fs;shf;fpajhf njhptpf;Fk; xh; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsh;. J\;gpuNahfq;fspd; tpisthd fhaq;fSf;F
rpfpr;iraspg;gjw;fhf jhd; gy rj;jpurpfpr;irfSf;F
cl;gl;ljhf mth; $Wfpwhh;. ©2007 J\;ae;jp
fdfrghgjpg;gps;is/kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;
jq;fsJ chpikfis typAWj;j Kw;gl;l NtisfspNyNa cly; kw;Wk; cs
hPjpapyhd J\;gpuNahfq;fs; mjpfhpj;jjhf tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhptpj;jdH.
XH 18 taJg; ngz; njhptpf;ifapy;> jdJ Ntjdk;> kUj;Jtf; ftdpg;G kw;Wk;
jdJ FLk;gj;jhNuhL njhlHG nfhs;tjw;fhd trjp vd;gtw;iw Nfl;ljw;fhf
Ntiy nfhs;NthH jd;id J\;gpuNahfk; nra;jjhff; $wpdH.
ehd; mtHfis ,yq;iff;F xU njhiyNgrp miog;G vLj;Jj;
jUk;gb Nfl;ljw;F mtHfs; vd;id mbf;fj; njhlq;fpdH.
v[khdp vd;idr; RLtjw;F xU ,Uk;ig cgNahfpj;jhH.
Muk;gj;jpy; vdf;F rk;gsk; je;jhH> gpd; vdf;F 5 khj rk;gsk;
72
jutpy;iy. ehd; vdJ rk;gsj;ij Nfl;fj; njhlq;fpaJk; mtH
vd;id mbf;fj; njhlq;fpdhH.... xUehs; ehd; kpfTk; RftPdkhf
czHe;Njd;. mtH vd;id mbj;jhH> vdf;F fLk;
jiytypahf ,Ue;jJ... ehd; itj;jparhiyf;F NghfNtz;Lnkd
Nfl;Nld;. mtH vd;id vdJ miwapy; Nghl;l fjitg;
G+l;btpl;lhH. ehd;F ehl;fshf ehd; rhg;ghL> jz;zPhpd;wpf;
fple;Njd;. ehd; kaq;fp tpl;Nld;.206
v];. nghd;dk;kh vd;gtUk; ,NjNghd;w fUj;ijNa kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg; gfj;jpw;F $wpdhH. “xU tUlKk; Ie;J khjq;fSk; ehd; Ntjdk;
vjidAk; ngwtpy;iy. ehd; gzk; Nfl;lhy; mtHfs; vd;id mbg;ghHfs;
my;yJ fj;jpahy; ntl;bf; fhag;gLj;JthHfs; my;yJ neUg;ghy; RLthHfs;.
mtHfs; vdJ xU ifia neUg;ghy; Rl;L fj;jpahy; ntl;bdH. vdJ KJfpy;
milahsq;fs; cs;sd. vdJ clk;G KOtJk; typAs;sJ. vdJ clk;G
KOtjpYk; mbtpOe;jpUf;fpwJ. mtHfs; vdJ jiyiag; gpbj;J Rthpy;
NkhJthHfs;. vg;nghOnjy;yhk; ehd; vdJ rk;gsj;ijf; Nfl;fpNwNdh
mg;nghOnjy;yhk; mq;F xU rz;il epyTk;.”207
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;> tpNrlkhf Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; kpf Nkhrkhf
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l J\;gpuNahf rk;gtq;fis Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
cjhuzkhf> Fitj; ehl;bypUe;J ,yq;if jpUk;gpa ehsd;W 47 tajhd
nkype;j gytPdkhd mtUila tajpw;Fk; Nkyhd Njhw;wk; nfhz;l N[.
yf;kpdp> Klkhfpg; Nghd iffs; kw;Wk; mtuJ iffs;> Njhs;fspYs;s nghpa
jSk;Gfis vq;fSf;Ff; fhl;bdhH. jdf;Nfw;gl;l fhaq;fis rPHnra;tjw;fhf
jhd; VO rj;jpurpfpr;irfSf;F cl;gl;ljhf mtH vq;fSf;Ff; $wpdhH. mtH
NkYk; tpghpf;ifapy;:
vdJ Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; vdf;F Nkhrkhf mbj;jdH. vdf;F
Koq;fhy; tiu ePz;l $e;jy; ,Ue;jJ. v[khdp> xU izg;Nghy;
vdJ $e;jiy ntl;b vwpe;jhH.... xt;nthU ehSk; mtHfSf;F
vdJ ,uj;jj;ijf; fhzNtz;Lk;. mq;Nf xU fWg;G tifapyhd
gl;bapUe;jJ> fWg;G tahpdhyhdJ. mjdhy; mtHfs; vd;id
mbj;jhHfs;. mtHfs; vdJ ,uj;jj;ijf; fhzNtz;Lnkd;gjw;fhf
fj;jpahYk; vd;id ntl;bdhHfs;. mtHfs; vdJ njhil>
iffspy; fj;;jpahy; Mokhf ntl;bdH. vdJ cliy Rl;nlhpj;J
ehrkhf;fpdH. mtHfs; fj;jpia mLg;gpy; #lhf;fp mjdhy;
vd;idr; Rl;ldH. xt;nthUehSk; njhlHr;rpahf xd;gJ khjq;fs;
206 MH. nrt;te;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 1> 2006.
207 v];. nghd;dk;khTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> wpahj; > rT+jp
mNugpah brk;gH 14> 2006.
73
vd;id mbj;jdH.... xd;gJ khjq;fSk; ehd; eufj;jpw;Fg;
NghapUe;Njd; vd;Wjhd; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.208
,e;j xd;gJ khjq;fspy; mtH jg;gpr; nry;Yk;tiu yf;kpdpapd;
Ntiynfhs;NthH mth; kPJ nfhy;yg;Nghtjhf mr;RWj;jpaJ> VzpapypUe;J
mtiuj; js;sp tpOj;jpaJ> FNshhpd; gTluhy; mtiu vhpj;jJ> Nfgps;
taHfshy; mtiu mbj;jJ kw;Wk; neUg;gpy; #lhf;fpa fj;jpahy; ntl;baik
Nghd;wtw;why; mthpd; if fhy;fis cilj;J iffis Klkhf;fpaik
cl;gl nrhy;nyhzh td;Kiwfisg; Ghpe;jdH.209
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshy; njhptpf;fg;gl;l cstpay; hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fs;
mtkjpj;jy;> cly; hPjpahd jPq;Ffs; my;yJ kuz mr;RWj;jy;fs;>
rpwpa ,lq;fspy; G+l;b itf;fg;gly;> czT kWf;fg;gLjy; kw;Wk; jz;lidahf
$e;jiy ntl;Ljy; Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. xU ngz; $Wifapy;>
mtuJ Fitj; Ntiy
nfhs;NthH> “rikayiwf;Fr; nrd;W fj;jpia vLj;J te;J vd;idf; nfhd;W>
rpW Jz;Lfshf ntl;b mj;Jz;Lfis mYkhhpapy; Nghlg; Nghtjhf
$wpdhH.”210
N[.Athdp $Wifapy;> rT+jp mNugpahtpy; mtuJ Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk;
mtuJ kfd; MfpNahH jd;id kPz;Lk;> kPz;Lk; mr;RWj;jpdhHfs;: “je;ijAk;
kfDk;> vd;idf; nfhd;W Fg;igj; njhl;bapy; Nghlg;Nghtjhf” $wpdhHfs;.
vd;id mbg;gjw;F xU taH Jz;bid cgNahfpj;jhHfs;. mj;Jld; mtHfs;
vdf;F miwe;jhHfs;. vd;id nfhy;yg; Nghtjhf vg;NghJk; $WthHfs;.
xUehs; je;ijAk; kfDkhf vd;idf; nfhy;yg; Nghtjhff; $wpdhHfs;.
mtHfsplk; xU fj;jpapUe;jJ. ehd; XbNdd;. Mdhy; je;ij vd;id RtNuhL
gpbj;Jj; js;spdhd;.”211 ,jd; tpisthf Athdp fhy; KwpTf;Fs;shdhH.
208 N[. yf;kpdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 9> 2006.
209 mNj Mjhu %yk;.
210 Fkhhp ,e;Jepy; cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;
(Ntz;LNfhspd;gb cz;ikg; ngaNu gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ) ,wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if> etk;gH
6> 2006.
211 N[. AthdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 1> 2006.
74
ghypay; J\;gpuNahfk;
ehd; gLj;jpUe;Njd;> v[khdpapd; ,isa rNfhjud; epHthzkhf
vdJ miwf;Fs; te;jhd;... miwf;Fs; mtd; epHthzkhf
te;jJk; ehd; fj;jpagb xU jbia vLj;J mtd; jiyapy;
mbj;Njd;.212
—v];. gj;kh> 39 taJ> rT+jp mNugpahtpy; tPl;Lg; gzpahsuhf jdJ
mDgtq;fisg; gw;wp tpsf;Fifapy; $wpaJ.
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j 100 ngz;fSs; 13 ngz;fs;
Ntiynfhs;NthH my;yJ mtHfsJ kfd;fshy; ghypay; njhy;iyfs;
my;yJ Jd;GWj;jy;fSf;F cs;shdjhf njhptpj;jdH. ,tHfSs; ItH
ty;YwTf;Fs;shf;fg; gl;ljd; %yk; fHg;gk; jhpj;jdH. VidNahUk; ,JNghd;w
J\;gpuNahfq;fis mDgtpj;jpUe;jhYk; mJgw;wp fijg;gjw;F tpUk;gtpy;iy.
ghypay; njhy;iyfs; my;yJ Jd;GWj;jy;fSf;Fs;shd ,yq;if Gyk;ngaH
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; vz;zpf;if njhpatpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; ghypay;
J\;gpuNahfk; Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifapNyNa mwptpf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gJ
njspthfpd;wJ. kpff; Fiwe;j mstpNyNa mNefk; ,J
mwptpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,j;jd;ik mNefk; Vida epiyikfspYk; nghJthf
fhzg;gLtJ Nghd;W J\;gpuNahfq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; mtkhdk; kw;Wk; ntl;f
czHtpdhy; kl;Lkd;wp jdpikg;gl;bUj;jy;> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; vjpHj;Jg;
Nghuhlf;$ba tYtpd;ik kw;Wk; Kiwg;ghl;L KiwikfSf;fhd
toptiffspd;ik vd;gtw;wpd; gpd;dzpapy; Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; gjpy;
Fw;wr;rhl;LfSf;F Mshfyhk; vd;w mr;rj;jpdhYk; Fiwe;jstpNyNa
Kiwaplg;gLfpd;wJ. gy tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; mtHfsJ Mz;
Ntiynfhs;NthH my;yJ mtHfsJ kfd;fshy; ghypay; xj;Jiog;Gf;F
ntFkjp> mdhtrpa ghpT kw;Wk; ty;YwT Kaw;rp cl;gl;l kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;
epfOk; ghypay; njhy;iyfs; gw;wp Kiwapl;lhHfs;. kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j gy tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; kw;Wk;
murrhHgw;w ];jhgd nraw;ghl;lhsHfs; ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd;
ghypay; njhy;iy kw;Wk; jhf;Fjy;fis gpujhd
fhprdj;jpw;Fhpanjhd;whf ,dk; fz;Ls;sdH.
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; gytifahd ghypay; njhy;iyfis mDgtpj;jdH.
ghypay; njhy;iyfs; mNefk; ghYwTf;fhd Nfhhpf;iffs; kw;Wk; Njitaw;w
ghypay; Nahridfs; Nghd;w tbtq;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jd. “v[khd; vd;NdhL gLf;f tpUk;gpdhH”> vd rT+jp mNugpahtpy; gzpGhpAk; xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;
jdJ Ntiy nfhs;Nthiug; gw;wpf; $wpdhH. “%d;W ehl;fshf vdJ v[khd;
212 v];. gj;khTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 1> 2006.
75
vd;dplk; te;J mtdJ Mirf;F ,zq;FkhW vd;idj; J}z;bdhH. cdJ
kidtpaplk; ,jidr; nrhy;Ntd;” vd;W ehd; $wpNdd;. “nrhy;thahdhy; cd;id ehd; nfhd;W tpLNtd;” vd mtd; $wpdhd;. “vd;id mtdJ
miwf;F tUk;gb Nfl;lhd;> Mdhy; ehd; kWj;J tpl;Nld;”213
rpy tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; ghypay; njhy;iyfs; vt;tpjk; xU tpNuhjkhd
Ntiyr; #oiy cUthf;fp jq;fsJ gzpahw;Wk; jpwid ghjpj;jJ gw;wp
tpghpj;jdH. 27 tajhd lgps;A+. rhksp $Wifapy;> “,uz;L kfd;fSNk...
jq;fs; cilfisf; fise;J tpl;L jq;fs; clk;ig vdf;F
ntspf;fhl;LthHfs;....... mtHfs; jq;fs; fhw;rl;iliaf; fistH> jq;fs;
ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrpapy; epHthzkhd ngz;fspd; glq;fis
itj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. mjid vdf;Ff; fhl;LthHfs;..... mtHfs; te;J vd;idj;
njhLthHfs;. vd;dhy; mg;gb Ntiy nra;aKbahJ”214
gy ngz;fs; ghypay; njhy;iyfs; kw;Wk; jhf;Fjy;fs; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;
eilngWtjhf njhptpj;jJld; jq;fsJ Jd;gk;> kdTisr;ry; kw;Wk;
mr;rTzHT fisAk; tpghpj;jdH. rT+jp mNugpahtpy; gzpahw;wpa xU
ngz; $Wifapy;> “gy jlitfs; v[khdpd; ,uz;L kfd;fSk; vdJ
cilfisf; fise;J tpl;L jq;fs; ez;gHfSld; NrHe;J vd;idj;
Jd;GWj;jpdH.... mtHfs; vd;id jdpj;J ,Ug;gjw;F mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. ,jid
mtHfs; gy jlitfs; nra;jdH... ,utpy; ehd; J}q;fpf; nfhz;bUf;ifapy;>
xUtd; kw;wtHfs; J}q;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ vdJ miwf;F tUthd;”215
26 tajhd lgps;A+. nry;tFkhhp vd;Dk; gzpg;ngz; jhd; rT+jp mNugpahtpy;
xd;gJ khjq;fshf njhlHe;j ghypay; njhy;iyfis nghWj;Jf; nfhz;ljhf
$wpdhH.
cl;gf;fkhf jhsplf; $ba miw vdf;F ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdJ
v[khd; ngUk; Njhw;wk; nfhz;ltd;> mtd; vd;id njhLtjw;F
Kaw;rpg;ghd;... mtdJ kfDk; mjidNa nra;a Kaw;rpj;jhd;.
“ehd; nghyprpw;Fr; nry;Ntd;” vd mtdplk; ehd; $wpNdd;...
vdf;nfd xU miwapUf;ftpy;iy. me;j tPl;by; vdf;nfhU rpwpa
,lKs;sJ. mq;F Nkyjpfkhf xU nkj;ijAs;sJ. me;j ,lj;jpy;
ehd; J}q;FNtd;. fjit vd;dhy; G+l;ltpayhJ... mtd; jdJ
ifia tpl;L vdJ khHgfj;ij njhl Kaw;rpg;ghd;...
213 [p. FkhhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> wpahj;> rT+jp mNugpah>
brk;gH 6> 2006.
214 lgps;A+. rhkspAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> wpahj;<> rT+jp
mNugpah> brk;gH 14> 2006.
215 gp. kPdhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. jythf;fiy> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 12> 2006.
76
gyjlitfs; mtd; vd;id ,t;tpjk; njhLtjw;F Kaw;rpj;jhd;. ehd;
J}q;Fk;nghOJ mtd; miwf;Fs; te;J jdJ fhw;rl;iliaf;
fisthd;. ,jid mtd; vg;nghOJk; nra;tjw;F Kaw;rpj;jhd;. ehd;
gaj;jpdhy; nkj;ijapd; XH %iyapy; cl;fhHe;jpUg;Ngd;. “vd;id
fz;L eP gag;glj; Njitapy;iynad mtd; nrhd;dhd;. ,jid
mtd; xd;gJ khjq;fshf kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; nra;jhd;.216
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;>
nygdhdpy; mtH gzpGhpe;j tPl;bd; v[khd; jd;idg; gpbj;jJ gw;wp $wpdhH.
“v[khd; vdJ miwf;F te;jhd;........... tPl;by; mtuJ kfidj; jtpu NtW
vtUkpUf;ftpy;iy............. vd;idg; gpbj;J vdJ khHgfj;ijj; njhLtjw;F
Kaw;rpj;jhd;. ehd; mtdplk;> ,q;F ehd; cd;Dld; el;ghf ,Ug;gjw;F
tutpy;iy. ,q;F rk;ghjpj;J xU tPL fl;Ltjw;fhfNt te;Njd;” vd;W $wpNdd;.
217 Vida tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhptpf;ifapy; mtHfs; mDgtpj;j
ghypay; njhy;iyfs;> ghYwTf;F ntFkjpahf gzf; nfhLg;gdT nra;a
Kd;te;jikiaAk; cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ.218
ehk; NeHfhzy; nra;j ngz;fSs; ItH jhk; gzpGhpe;j ,lq;fspy; jq;fsJ
Ntiy nfhs;Nthuhy; my;yJ tPl;bypUe;j VidatHfshy; ghypay;
ty;YwTf;Fs;shf;fg; gl;ljhf njhptpj;jdH. 32 tajhd Nf. mte;jp mtuJ
mDgtj;ij ehq;fs; njhptpg;gjw;F mDkjpj;jhH: “vdJ v[khd; gyjlitfs;
vd;id mZfpdhH> Mdhy; ehd; kWj;J tpl;Nld;. mtdJ kidtp mbf;fb
ntspNa nrd;W tpLths;. xU ,uT mtd; rikayiwf;F te;J clYwT
itj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F mioj;jhd;. ehd; kWj;Njd;. mtd; gyhj;fhukhf
vd;id mile;jhd;. ehd; fHg;gKw;W vl;liu khjkhf ,Uf;Fk; nghONj
216 lgps;A+. nry;tFkhhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 9> 2006.
217 MH. rjpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 19> 2006.
218 ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd ghugl;rq;fis ,y;yhnjhopj;jy; kPjhd If;fpa ehLfs; FOtpw;fika>
ghypay; njhy;iynad;gJ> “tpUk;gg;glhj ghypay; vz;zq; nfhz;l cly; hPjpahd njhlHGfs;
kw;Wk; neUf;fk;> ghypay; mHj;jk; nfhz;l Fwpg;Gf;fs;> ghYzHitj; J}z;Lk; glq;fisf;
fhl;Ljy; kw;Wk; thHj;ij my;yJ nray;fs; %ykhd ghypay; Nfhhpf;if vd;gtw;iw
cs;slf;Ffpd;wd. ,e;j elj;ijfs; mtkhdj;jpw;FhpaitahfTk;> MNuhf;fpak; kw;Wk;
ghJfhg;G gpur;rpidfis cUthf;FgitahfTk;> ngz; jdJ kWg;G my;yJ Ml;Nrgid
vd;git Ml;NrHg;G> gjtpAaHT my;yJ njhopy; nra;tjw;F tpNuhjkhd #oiy Vw;gLj;Jjy;
cl;gl mtuJ njhopy; njhlHghf mD$ykw;wjhf ,Uf;Fnkd epahaG+Htkhf ek;Gk;
gl;rj;jpy; mJ ghugl;rj;jpw;FhpaJ vdf fUjg;gLk;.” ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd ghugl;rq;fis
,y;yhnjhopj;jy; kPjhd If;fpa ehLfspd; FO (CEDAW)> nghJg; ghpe;Jiufs; 19>
ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiw (11tJ mkHT> 1992)> kdpj chpikfs; cld;gbf;if
mikg;Gfshy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l nghJf;Fwpg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; nghJg; ghpe;Jiufspd;
,zf;fg;ghL. UN Doc.HRI/Gen/1/Rev.1(1994), p.84, paras.17-18.
77
VidNahH ,jid mwpe;jdH”.219 lgps;A+. rhksp> rT+jp mNugpahtpy; jd;id
jdJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; kfd; ghypay; ty;YwTf;Fl; gLj;jpajhff; $wpdhH.
jpBnud mtd; vd;id fl;baizj;jhd;. ehd; mtid
ifapypUe;j ,Uk;ghy; mbj;Njd;> mtd; ,Uk;igg; gwpj;J
tPrpnawpe;J tpl;L vdJ ifiag; gpbj;J XH jdpahd
miwf;F ,Oj;Jg; Nghdhd;. mtd; vd;id epyj;jpy; js;sp vd;
cilfs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; fise;jhd;. vd;id
ty;YwTf;Fs;shf;fpdhd;. vd;dhy; vOk;g Kbatpy;iy> ehd;
kpfTk; gytPdkhf czHe;Njd;.220
Nrhuk; Nghjy; kw;Wk; kzkhfhjtHfSldhd clYwTfs; vd;gd rT+jp
mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; Fw;wtpay;
Fw;wq;fshf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhy; ty;YwTfshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfs;> ty;YwTf;fhd
rhd;Wfis ep&gpf;f KbahJ Nghdhy; jLj;J itf;fg;gly;> Fw;wQ; rhl;lg;gly;
kw;Wk; jz;lid Nghd;wtw;wpw;F Kfk; nfhLf;f Ntz;bNaw;glyhk;. 32 taJ>
tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhd Nf. mke;jp> jdJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; ty;Ywtpd;
tpisthy; cUthfpa Foe;ijiag; gpurtpj;jNghJ rT+jp mjpfhhpfs; jd;idf;
ifJ nra;jjhf $wpdhH. mtH $Wifapy;> “ ,e;j tof;F ePjpkd;Wf;F nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;L mq;F mtHfs; $Wifapy;.... ‘,q;Nf njhopy; nra;tjw;fhf te;j ePnahU Fw;wk; nra;Js;sha;’ vd njhptpj;jdH. mjw;F
ehd;> ehd; Fw;wk; nra;atpy;iy> v[khNd Fw;wk; nra;jjhff; $wpNdd;”.221 Njitg;gLfpd;w rhl;rpfspd; juq;fis rkHg;gpf;f Kbahjjpdhy; mke;jp xd;gJ
khjq;fs; rpiwailf;fg;gl;lhH. ghypay; td;Kiwf; Fw;wq;fs; jdpg;gl;l
ePjpkd;w KiwfspNyNa mjpfk; tprhuiz nra;ag;gLtjpdhy; mit
ntspehl;Lg; ngz;gzpahsH kw;Wk; cs;@H Mz; Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd;
Kuz;ghlhd $w;Wf;fisNa mjpfk; nfhz;bUg;gJld;> nghJthf tof;fpy;
rhl;rpaq;fspd; Iag;ghl;bYs;s ed;ikia cs;@H Mz; Ntiynfhs;NthUf;Nf
ePjpkd;wk; toq;Ffpd;wJ.
$ba Ntiyg;gS kw;Wk; Xa;tpd;wpa ePz;l NtiyNeuq;fs;
mjpfhiy 3.30 kzpf;F J}q;Ftjw;Fg; NghdhYk;... fhiy 5.30
kzpf;Nf gLf;ifia tpl;L ehd; vOk;gpahf Ntz;Lk;... es;spuT
219 Nf. mke;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 1> 2006.
220 lgps;A+. rhkspAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> wpahj;> rT+jp
mNugpah> etk;gH 14> 2006.
221 Nf. mke;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 1> 2006.
78
1 kzptiu.... rpy rkaq;fspy; mjpfhiy 3 kzptiu$l
njhlHr;rpahf NtiyapUf;Fk;. xU jlit vdJ v[khdpaplk;>
“ehDk; cq;fisg; NghyNt xU kD\p> vdf;Fk; rpwpJ Xa;T
Ntz;Lk;” vd;W $wpNdd;. mjw;F me;jg; ngz;> eP ,q;F Ntiy
nra;tjw;Nf te;jpUf;fpwha;: eP vdJ fhyzpiag; Nghd;wts;> eP
Xa;T xopr;rypd;wp Ntiy nra;aNtz;Lk;”> vd;W $wpdhH.222
—Fkhhp ,e;Jepy;> taJ 23> Kd;G Fitj;jpy; tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz;zhf gzpGhpe;jtH.
xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zpd; ehshe;j Ntiyg;gS mNefk; ,ilntspapy;yhky;
my;yJ xU tiuaiwapy;yhky; mtuJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; tPL my;yJ
tPLfspd; cl;Gwk; kw;Wk; ntspNa cl;gl $l;Ljy;> J}rfw;wy;> Jilj;jy;> J}R
jl;Ljy;> Fspayiwfisr; Rj;jQ; nra;jy;> tPl;bd; ntspg;Gwq;fisf; fOTjy;>
Njhl;lj;ijj; Jg;guT nra;jy; kw;Wk; ad;dy;fisf; fOTjy;@ ehnshd;Wf;fhd
3 Ntis czT jahhpj;jy;> tPl;L cWg;gpdHfs; Nfl;lJk; rpw;Wz;b tiffis
jahH nra;jy;> tPl;L cWg;gpdHfs; midtuJk; cilfisf; fOtp ,];jphp
NghLjy;> rpWtHfspd; gy;NtW Njitfisf; ftdpj;jy; vd;git cl;gl>
rpWFoe;ijfSf;Fg; guhkhpg;G toq;Fjy;> gps;isfisg; ghlrhiyf;F
mioj;Jg; Ngha; gpd;dh; mioj;J tUjy;> mtHfSf;F czT+l;Ljy;>
Fspg;ghl;Ljy;> J}q;fg; gz;Zjy;> taJte;jtHfs; my;yJ RftPdkhdtHfs;
my;yJ tyJ Fiwe;j FLk;g cWg;gpdHfisg; guhkhpj;jy;@ kw;Wk; FLk;g
thfdq;fisf; fOtpj; Jilj;jy; cl;gl;l gy Ntiyfis ftdpj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j mwpf;iff;fhf NeHfhzg;gl;l ngUk;ghyhd tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz;fs; kpFe;j Ntiyg;gS Fwpj;J Kiwapl;ldH. rpyrkaq;fspy; nghpa
FLk;gq;fs; xd;whf thOk; gy khb tPLfspy; jdpnahU tPl;Lg; gzpahsuhf
gzpahw;w Ntz;bNaw;gLfpwJ. v]; ghj;jpkh> rT+jp mNugpahtpy; jdJ
Ntiyg;gS gw;wp tpghpf;ifapy;:
ehd; rikf;f Ntz;Lk;> tPl;by; NkYk; fPOk; Rj;jg;gLj;Jjy;
Ntz;Lk;> cLg;Gf;fisf; fOtp ,];jphp NghLjy; Ntz;Lk;>
epyj;ijf; fOtp Jilj;jy; Ntz;Lk;> mj;Jld; me;j tPl;by; ehd;
kl;LNk xU gzpahsH vd;gjhy; tPl;by; mNefH gq;Fnfhs;Sk;
tpUe;JfSf;Fk; rikj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.... me;jf; filrp tPl;by;
rpy ,sk; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; ntspNa elkhl Kbahj xU
tNahjpg khJ cl;gl vl;L NgH ,Ue;jhHfs;. tNahjpgg;
ngz;iz Fspg;gjw;F mioj;Jr; nrd;W Fspg;ghl;b czT+l;l
Ntz;Lk;. Ntiyg;gS... kpf mjpfk;. ehd; rikj;J gpd;dH vl;L
Fspayiwfisr; Rj;jg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tsT nra;Jk;
v[khdp ehd; mijr; nra;atpy;iy> ,ijr; nra;atpy;iynad
222 Fkhhp ,e;Jepy; cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>(Ntz;LNfhspd;gb
79
Fiw tPl;bd; RtHfisf; fOTjy; Ntz;Lk;> ,ijtpl tPl;bd;
gpd;Gwj;ijAk; jpdKk; Rj;jg;gLj;j Ntz;Lnkd v[khdp $wpdhH.
ehd; toikahf fhiy 5 kzpf;F vOk;gp ,uT 11 kzpf;F
gLf;iff;Fr; nry;Ntd;. tPl;by; tpUe;J itgtq;fs; VJkpUg;gpd;
ehd; gLf;iff;Fg; Nghf ,uT 12 kzp my;yJ mjw;F
NkyhfptpLk;. v[khdp ehd; Xa;ntLg;gjw;fhd mtfhrj;jpid
juNtapy;iy> mtUf;F vg;nghOJk; ehd; Ntiy nra;J
nfhz;NlapUf;f Ntz;Lk;.223
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F> ,g;ngz;fs; jhk; ehnshd;Wf;F 16-18
kzpj;jpahyq;fs;> rpyH jpdKk; 21 kzpj;jpahyq;fs; tiu> thuj;jpd; VO
ehl;fSk; Xa;T ehNsh my;yJ tpLKiwNah ,d;wp Ntiy nra;tjhff;
$wpdhHfs;. ePz;l kzpj;jpahyq;fs; Ntiy nra;tjhy; mNefkhd tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; epj;jpiu ,d;ikahy; mtjpg;gl;lhHfs;. xU rpy tpjptpyf;Ffis
tpl> ,e;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; xUehs; $l Xa;tpd;wp> rpy rkaq;fspy; tUlf;
fzf;fpy; Ntiy nra;jdH. mNefkhd gzpahsHfs; jq;fs; njhopy;
xg;ge;jj;jpy; Xa;Tehs; gw;wp VJk; cs;slf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;W $wpdhHfs;.
mj;Jld; rpyUf;F jq;fs; njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fs; Xa;T ehl;fSf;Fhpa Vw;ghLfs;
VNjidAk; nfhz;Ls;sdth vd;gJ $l njhpahjpUe;jdH. nygdhdpy; xd;wiu
tUlfhykhf xUehs; $l Xa;tpd;wpg; gzpahw;wpa xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;> kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $Wifapy;> “vdJ Ntiyf;fhyk; KOtjpYNk
vdf;F Xa;Tehs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy”224 vd;whH.
ehq;fs; NeHfhzy; nra;j ngUk;ghyhd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Ntiy nra;Ak;
ehl;fspd; NghJ Xa;Tf;nfd ve;jnthU Fwpg;gpl;l NeuKkpd;wp gzpahw;wpdH.
cjhuzkhf> v];. kNdhwQ;rdp> mGjhgpapy; 24 NgH nfhz;l xU FLk;gj;jpy;
jdpnahU gzpahsuhf gzpahw;wpAs;shH. mtH xU Foe;ij cl;gl 13
rpWtHfisg; guhkhpj;Js;shH> fhiy 5 kzpapypUe;J ,uT 11 kzptiu
jpdKk; xUehs; $l Xa;tpd;wpAk; xUehs; nghOjpd; ,ilapy; $l rpwpJ Neuk;
Xa;ntLf;f mDkjpf;fg;glhJ gzpahw;wpdhH. mtH $Wifapy;> “vdJ clNyh
rpwpJ Xa;Tf;fhf nfQ;rpaJ> Mdhy; ehd; mjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy.”225 rT+jp mNugpahtpy; gzp GhpAk; xU gzpg;ngz; ,t;thW $wpdhH> “ehd; rw;W Neuk; ,ilNtis vLj;J cl;fhHe;jpUf;ff; $l KbahJ> vdf;F epj;jpiuf;Fr;
nry;y Neukpy;iy> foptiwf;Ff; $l nry;y vdf;F
223 v];. ghj;jpkhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. `guhJt> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 14> 2006.
224 tp. epky;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. FUehfy;> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 4> 2006.
225 v];. kNdhwQ;rdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 1> 2006.
80
Neuk; ,Ug;gjpy;iy.”226 kw;WnkhU gzpg;ngz; vq;fspw;Ff; $Wifapy;>
“nygdhdpy; vdJ Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; ehd; ,Ug;gjw;Ff; $l mDkjpf;f
khl;lhHfs;> ehd; vg;nghOJk; epd;W nfhz;L ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;”.227 Kg;gj;jhW
tajhd vg;. E}H> Fitj;jpy; jhd; 20 NgHfSf;fhd rikay; kw;Wk; Jitj;jy;
vd Ntiyr;RikNahL NghuhbdhYk; $l mtuJ Ntiynfhs;NthHfs;
Xa;ntLg;gjw;F mDkjpf;ftpy;iynadf; $wpdhH. mtuJ xNunahU Xa;T
Neukhf Fspayiwapy; ahUf;Fk; njhpahky; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; rpwpa J}f;fq;fs;
kl;LNk ,Ue;jd.228
wk;rhd; Nehd;Gf; fhyj;jpd;NghJ mtHfspd; Ntiy nra;Ak; Neuq;fs;
$Ljyhf ,Ug;gjhf rpy ngz;fs; njhptpj;jdH. tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs;
toikNghy Neuk; fopj;J Ntiy nra;Jtpl;L> #hpad; cjakhtjw;F Kd;ghf
mtHfsJ Ntiy nfhs;NthHfs; czT cl;nfhs;tjw;F VJthf
mjpfhiyapNyNa J}f;fj;jpypUe;J vOk;g Ntz;bapUe;jJ.
mNefkhd ,uTg;nghOJ KOtJk; Ntiy nra;jhYk; $l> gzpahsHfs;
mjw;F <lhf gfy; nghOjpy; Xa;TNeuk; toq;Ftjpy;iy. wk;rhd; khjj;jpy;
ePbj;j Ntiy Neuq;fs; fhuzkhf epj;jpiuapd;ikia mDgtpg;gjhf ngz;
gzpahsHfs; njhptpj;jdH. “Nehd;Gf; fhyj;jpd;NghJ (wk;rhd;)> ehd; mjpfk;
Ntiy nra;a Ntz;Lk;. rpyrkak; ,uT> gfnyd KOehSNk tpopj;jpUf;f
Ntz;bapUf;Fk;”.229 ,d;ndhU ngz; $Wifapy;> “xUkhj fhyk; ePz;l wk;rhd;
my;yJ ngUehs; fhyj;jpd;NghJ ehd; gpd;dpuT 2.30 kzpf;Fj; J}q;Ftjw;Fg;
Ngha; mjpfhiy 3.30f;F epj;jpiuahy; vOk;GNtd;: xU kzpj;jpahyk; kl;LNk
J}q;fpNdd;......... ehd; mjpfhiy 3.30f;Nf vOk;Gjy; Ntz;Lk;> Vnddpy;
wk;rhdpd;NghJ mtHfs; fhiy 5.15f;Nf czT cl;nfhs;thHfs;”>230 vd;whH. vd;. ck;K vDk; gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> wk;rhdpd;NghJ Lghapy; Ntiy
mjpfhpf;Fk; vd;whH. mtH $wpdhH> “Lgha; Ntiy fbdk;> Vnddpy; ehd;
mjpfhiy 4 kzpf;F J}f;fj;jpypUe;J vOk;g Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; ,uT 10
kzpf;F Ntiy KbAk;tiu tpopj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. vdf;F Xa;ntLg;gjw;Nfh
my;yJ J}q;Ftjw;Nfh Neuk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy> uk;ohd; fhyj;jpy; es;spuT 12
kzptiu vd;dhy; J}q;f KbahJ......uk;ohd; ngUehs; fhyq;fspy; Lghapy;
226 N[. N`ke;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wpahj;> rT+jp
mNugpah> brk;gH 14> 2006.
227 vd;. nkdpf;NfAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if> etk;gH 6> 2006.
228 vg;. E}Uldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. mj;jdfy;y> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 8> 2006.
229 re;jpuh ky;fhe;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 4> 2006.
230 v];. Nrghypf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 9> 2006.
81
Ntiy nra;tJ kpfTk; f\;lk;. jpdKk; Nehd;ig Kbj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf
Mz;fs; kw;Wk; ngz;fSf;F jdpj;jdpahf czitj; jahhpf;f
Ntz;Lnkd;gjhy;> vdf;F mJ ngUk; Ntiyg;gSthf ,Ue;jJ.”231
rpy gzpg;ngz;fs;> Fwpg;ghf rpWtHfisg; guhkhpf;Fk; nghWg;igAk;
nfhz;bUg;gtHfs; njhlHe;Jk; miof;fg;gl;lgbNa ,Ug;ghHfs;> mtHfsJ
Ntiy nfhs;NthHfs; ,g;gzpg;ngz;fs; es;sputpYk; Ntiy nra;tjw;F
jahuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd vjpHghHg;ghh;fs;. Fitj;jpy; gzpahw;wpa xU
ngz; $Wifapy;> “mtHfsJ Foe;ij vd;DlNdNa toikahfg;
gLf;Fk;. ,utpy; Foe;ijia vOg;gp mjw;Fj; Njitahdtw;iwr;
nra;tjpypUe;J Foe;ijia ehd; guhkhpf;f Ntz;Lk;. xd;gJ tUlq;fspy; xU
ehs; Xa;T$l vdf;F ,Uf;ftpy;iy.”232 ,d;DnkhU gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;>
“ehd; mjpfhiy 3.30 kzpf;F gLf;iff;Fr; nrd;whYk; fhiy 5.45 tiu
Kopj;jpUg;Ngd;. mtHfSf;F VNjDk; Njitnad;why; ve;jNtisapYk; te;J
vdJ miwf; fjtpidj; jl;LthHfs;>”233 vd;whH. Xa;T NeuNkh> Xa;T
ehNsh ,d;wp mjpfhiy 1 kzptiu Ntiy nra;j kw;WnkhU gzpg;ngz;
$Wifapy;> “ehd; gLf;iff;Fr; nrd;Wtpl;lhYk; $l> es;sputpy; tPl;L v[khdp
vd; miwf; fjtpidj; jl;b v[khdpw;fhf czT jahhpf;Fk;gb nrhy;YthH.
v[khd; ,uT J}q;fhJ gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;ghH. fhiyapy; $l rpwpJ Neuk;
J}q;f KbahJ> Vnddpy; tPl;bYs;s 3 khjf; Foe;ijiar; rhpahf fhiy 6
kzpf;F v[khdp vdJ miwapy; nfhz;L te;J tpl;LtpLthH.234
rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; RftPdKw;Nwh my;yJ
Ntiyfspd;NghJ fhakile;jhy; $l Xa;ntLg;gjw;F Ntiynfhs;NthH
mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; mGjhgpapy; gzpGhpe;j xU
gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “ehd; RftPdkhf czUk; nghOnjy;yhk; v[khdp
vd;id VRtjw;Fj; njhlq;fp tpLthH> ‘eP ,q;Nf Ntiy nra;a te;jpUf;fpwha;>
Xa;ntLg;gjw;fpy;iy> vdNt Ntiyiar; nra;’ vd;W fj;Jths;. mj;Jld; ehd;
itj;jpaiug; ghHf;f Ntz;Lnkdf; Nfl;Fk; nghOnjy;yhk; mjw;F mtHfs;
kWj;JtpLthHfs;” vd;whH.235 kw;WnkhU rk;gtj;jpy; Nf. jkae;jp vDk;
231 vd;. ck;KTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. `guhJt> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 14> 2006.
232 gp. rhe;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 6> 2006.
233 b. NrhgdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fz;b> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 10> 2006.
234 V. ck;KTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. mj;jdfy> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 8> 2006.
235 v];. kNdhwQ;rdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 1> 2006.
82
gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> jhd; Ntiy nra;ifapy; fhaKw;wNghJ xU
itj;jpaiur; nrd;W ghHg;gjw;F yPT mDkjpf;f Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; kWj;J
tpl;ljhff; $wpdhH: ehd; rikaypy; <LgLk; nghONj mtHfsJ
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nghhpj;jgbNa Foe;ijiaAk; ftdpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;> mg;nghOJ
jw;nrayhf nfhjpf;Fk; vz;nzapd; rpy Jspfs; vd; fz;fspy; gl;Ltpl;ld....
MW ehl;fshf vdJ fz;fs; rpte;J Ngha; fhzg;gl;ld. vd;id itj;jpahplk;
$l;br; nry;Yk;gb Ntz;bNdd;> Mdhy; v[khdpNah ehd; Ntiyia Kbj;jhf
Ntz;Lnkdf; $wpdhH – tPl;bYs;s 21 NgHfspdJ cilfSf;F ehd; ,];jphp
Nghl Ntz;bapUe;jnjd;gjhy; itj;jpahplk; nry;tjw;F vdf;F Neuk;
fpilf;fhnjd;W $wpdhH. filrptiu itj;jpaiug; ghHg;gjw;F ehd;
mDkjpf;fg;glNtapy;iy vd;whH.”236
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l tPLfspy; 2-8 tiuahd FLk;g
cWg;gpdHfSf;F ve;jtpj Nkyjpf nfhLg;gdTkpd;wp flikfs; nra;Ak;
rk;gtq;fis kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; gjpT nra;jJ. nygdhdpy;>
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jdJ tsHe;j gps;isfs; VO NgUila tPl;L Ntiyfisr; nra;tjw;fhfTk;
jdJ gzpg;ngz;iz mDg;gp itj;jhH.237 ,d;DnkhU gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;>
nygdhdpy; jdJ xg;ge;jfhy Muk;gj;jpy;> “vdJ v[khdp tPl;L Ntiyfis
tpiuthf Kbf;Fk;gb$WthH> gpd;dH vd;id mtuJ rNfhjhp tPl;bw;F
mioj;J te;J Ntiy nra;Ak;gb nrhy;thH............... ,t;tpjk; ehd; ehd;F
ntt;NtW tPLfspy; ve;jtpj Nkyjpf nfhLg;gdTkpd;wp Ntiy
nra;Njd;. ,jw;fhf vdJ Ntiyfis tpiuthfr; nra;a Ntz;bapUe;jJ.”238
czT kWf;fg;gLjy; kw;Wk; Nghjpa trjpfsw;w tho;f;if
epiyikfs;
vdf;F rhpahf czT jug;gltpy;iy. mtHfs; midj;ijAk;
mYkhhpapy; itj;Jg; G+l;bdhHfs;... v[khdp vdf;F xUjlit
kl;LNk NrhW toq;fpdhH. mth; vdf;F fhiy czNth
my;yJ ,uT czNth toq;Ftjpy;iy. mtH mYkhhpfs;
vy;yhtw;iwAk; G+l;b tpLtJld; rhg;ghl;bid vLj;Jr; nrd;W
236 lgps;A+. mre;jpfhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 4> 2006.
237 vd;. nkdpf;NfAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if> etk;gH 6> 2006.
238 MH. rj;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 15> 2006.
83
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—v];. kNdhwQ;rdp> taJ 35> I.m., mGjhgpapy; Kd;dH tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz;zhfg; gzpahw;wpatH.
ehd; ,uz;lhtJ jlitahf gzpahw;wpa Ntiynfhs;NthH xU
eha;f;Ff; nfhLg;gJ Nghy gbf;fl;Lfspd; fPOs;s ,lj;jpidNa
ehd; gLj;Jwq;Ftjw;fhf xJf;fpj; je;jdH. ehd; ehay;y> xU
kdpjg;gpwtp.240
—lgps;A+. mre;jpfh> taJ 42> rT+jp mNugpahtpy;
gzpg;ngz;zhf Kd;dH gzpahw;wpatH.
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspy; gyH jq;fsJ Ntiynfhs;NthH jq;fSf;F NghJkhd
czitj; ju kWj;jdH my;yJ fPo;j;jukhd jq;Fkpl trjpfisNa
toq;fpajhfj; njhptpj;jdH. tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ xg;ge;jk; toikapy;
Ntiynfhs;NthH czT kw;Wk; NghJkhd jq;Fkpl trjpfs; vd;gtw;iw
fl;lzq;fspd;wp toq;f Ntz;Lnkdj; njhptpf;fpd;wJ.
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;>
jq;fsJ Ntiynfhs;NthH jq;fSf;fhd czit kWj;jjhfTk;> rpy
re;jHg;gq;fspy; gOjile;j czTfs;> cz;z Kbahj vQ;rpa czTfs;>
rpwpjsT NrhW my;yJ ghz; my;yJ ehnshd;Wf;F xUNtis czT kl;LNk
toq;fpajhff; Fwpg;gpl;ldH. rpy Ntiynfhs;NthH grpAld; ,Uf;Fk; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfsJ czTf;fhd Nkyjpf Ntz;Nfhs;fis kWj;jJld; FspHrhjdg;
ngl;b kw;Wk; rikayiw mYkhhpfs; vd;gtw;iw G+l;b itj;jdH. Ntiy
epiyikfs; gw;wp Kiwapl;ljw;fhf rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; ehl;fzf;fpy;
czT kWf;fg;gLjy; Nghd;w Kiwfshy; Ntiy nfhs;NthH jk;ikj;
jz;bj;jjhf ,t;tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhptpj;jdH. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; czT
kWf;fg;gLjyp;d; tpisthf jq;fs; cly; epiwfisAk; ,oe;jdH. ,t;tpjkhd
xU rk;gtj;jpy; xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;> czT kWf;fg;gl;ljpdhy; %d;W
khjj;jpy; jhd; vl;L fpNyhf;fs; tiuapy; (17.6 ,whj;jy;fs;) cly;
epiwia ,oe;jjhff; $wpdhH.241
czT kWf;fg;gLjiy> Fwpg;ghf $ba Ntiyg;gS kw;Wk; ePz;l Ntiy
Neuq;fSld; jhq;fpf; nfhs;tJ rpukkhf ,Ue;jnjd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;
239 v];. kNdhwQ;rdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 1> 2006.
240 lgps;A+. mre;jpfhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 4> 2006.
241 vk;. J\hdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 15> 2006.
84
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mtuJ v[khdp ehnshd;Wf;F xUNtis cztpid kl;LNk toq;fpajhff;
$wpdhH. mtH NkYk; $Wifapy;> “ mtH vdf;F cztspg;gjpy;iy. ehd;
gl;bdpahy; thbNdd;......... mtHfs; vdf;Fg; NghjpasT czT toq;ftpy;iy.
mtHfs; midj;ijAk; G+l;b NkNyNa itj;jhHfs;.... xUNtis czit
kl;LNk khiy Ntisfspy; cl;nfhz;L fLikahf Ntiy nra;Njd;. ehd;
mtHfSf;fhf fLikahf Ntiy nra;Njd;. tPzhff; Fg;igapy; nfhl;Lk;
Nrhw;iw vdf;Fj; ju Ntz;Lnkd mtH Vd; epidf;ftpy;iy? mtiug;
Nghd;Nw vdf;Fk; grpapUe;jJ. mtuJ khjtplha; fhyq;fspd;NghJ mtH
mzpAk; cs;shilfis vdJ ,uz;L iffshYk; Jitj;Jf;
fOtpapUf;fpNwd;. MdhYk; mtH vdf;F czT jUtjw;F vz;ztpy;iy”> vd;whH.
242
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Ntiynfhs;NthH jdf;F Nghjpastpyhd cztpid toq;ftpy;iynadf;
$wpdhH> “fhiyr; rhg;ghL fpilahJ> ntWkNd xU Nfhg;ig ntWe; NjePH
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vdf;Fj; jug;gLk;. ,uT Neuj;jpy; kl;Lk; rpy nuhl;bj; Jz;Lfs; vdf;Ff;
fpilf;Fk;”>243 vd;whH. ,d;ndhU gzpg;ngz; Fitj; ehl;bYs;s jdJ
Ntiynfhs;NthH gw;wpf; $Wifapy;> “mtHfs; vdf;F czT je;jhHfs;.
fhiyr; rhg;ghlhf xU Jz;L nuhl;b kl;Lk; kjpaj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dH fpilf;Fk;.
kjpar; rhg;ghL mtHfs; cz;L Kbj;J VJk; vQ;rpapUe;jhy; mjid vdf;Fj;
jUthHfs; my;yJ ehd; gl;bdpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;.... vy;yhNk
mq;fpUe;jd> Mdhy; mitaidj;Jk; G+l;lg;gl;L NkNy itf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.
ehd; vjidAk; cl;nfhs;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,uTr;
rhg;ghLk; ,NjNghd;Wjhd;> VNjDk; vQ;rpapUe;jhy; vdf;F cz;zf;
fpilf;Fk;”>244 vd;whH. vk;. rpj;uypah vDk; gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> .... cg;Gj;
jz;zPiuNa tbfl;b gUf Ntz;bapUe;jJ. Vnddpy; mtuJ Ntiynfhs;NthH
mtUf;F jz;zPH$l nfhLf;f kWj;jdH. mtH NkYk; $Wifapy; mtuJ
Ntiynfhs;NthH mtUf;Fk; ,yq;ifiar; NrHe;j thfdr; rhujpf;Fk;
gOjile;j czT kw;Wk; fhy;gq;F nuhl;b vd;gtw;iwNa kjpak;
cz;gjw;fhff; nfhLj;jdH vdTk; mjdhy; mtH nfhl;ba czTf;
242 v];. gj;khTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 1> 2006. 243 v];. nghd;dk;khTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wpahj;> rT+jp
mNugpah> brk;gH 14> 2006.
244 b. NrhgdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fz;b> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 10> 2006.
85
Fg;igapypUe;J czTg; nghUl;fisg; nghWf;fp cz;zj; njhlq;fpajhfTk;
$wpdhH.245
mNefkhd gzpg;ngz;fs;> jhk; czitj; jpUl Ntz;bapUe;jjhf my;yJ
mDjhgk; nfhz;l maytHfs; my;yJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd;
cwtpdHfshy; ,ufrpakhf toq;fg;gLk; czTfis jq;fisf; fhg;ghw;wpf;
nfhs;tjw;fhf Fspayiw Nghd;wtw;wpd; cs;spUe;J ,ufrpakhf
cl;nfhz;ljhf kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $wpdH. xU gzpg;ngz;
Fitj; ehl;by; jdJ mDgtj;ijg; gw;wpf; $Wifapy;> “vdJ v[khdp ehd; cz;fpNwdh ,y;iyah vd;gJ gw;wp ftiyg; gLtNjapy;iy............. ehd;
rhg;gpLtjw;fhf czitj; jpUl Ntz;bapUe;jJ. rhg;gplhky; vd;dhy; Ntiy
nra;a KbahJ. v[khdpNah vdf;F czT jUtjpy;iy> MfNt ve;j czT
kpr;rkhf vQ;rpAs;sNjh mjid cz;gjw;fhd XH topia fz;Lgpbf;f
Ntz;bapUe;jJ.”246 v];. Nrghypf;fh vDk; gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “nygdhdpy;
vdJ v[khd;; ehd; cz;gjw;Nfh my;yJ Fbg;gjw;Nfh vdf;F vjidAk;
jUtjpy;iy. MfNt czitj; jpUbNa cz;Nld;. mtHfsplk; epiwa czT
tiffs; ,Ue;jd. Mdhy; mtHfs; vjidAk; vdf;Fj; jUtjpy;iy.
xUjlit> fPNo trpf;Fk; v[khdpd; jhahH tPl;by; gzpGhpAk; kw;nwhU gzpg;
ngz;zplk; vdf;F ,t;tpjk; czT jUtjpy;iynad Kiwapl;Nld;. mjd;
gpd;dH v[khdpd; jhahH vdf;F czT jug;gLtjpy;iynad;gij mwpe;J>
mtH vdf;F ,ufrpakhf czT toq;fpdhH. ehd; ehd;F khjq;fshf
foptiwapypUe;Jjhd; czTfis cl;nfhz;Nld;> vd;whH.”247
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j 25 rjtPjkhd tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfSf;F NghJkhd jq;Fkpl trjpfs; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. mtHfs;
gbf;fl;Lfspd; fPo;> $lq;fspYs;s topfspy;> tuNtw;giwf; $lq;fspd;
epyj;jpy; my;yJ nghJthd tpLjpfspNyNa gLj;Jwq;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ.
NeHfz;l tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspy; %tH jq;fsJ cilikfis jq;Fkplj;jpw;F
ntspapNyNa itj;jpUe;jjhff; $wpdhHfs;. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; gzpahsHfs;
gLj;Jwq;Ftjw;fhd nkj;ijfs; toq;fg;gLtjpy;iy. mtHfSf;NfhH nky;ypa
ghNa toq;fg;gl;ljhfTk; my;yJ ntWk; epyj;jpNyNa gLj;Jwq;f
Ntz;bapUe;jjhfTk; ,it NghJkhd Vw;ghLfshf ,Uf;ftpy;iynadTk;
mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.
245 vk;. rpj;uypahTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 17> 2006.
246 rp. epHkypAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fphpghth> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 7> 2006.
247 v];. Nrghypf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 9> 2006.
86
mNefkhd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; jq;fSf;nfd jdpahd jq;Fkpl trjpfisf;
nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. mtHfs; jq;Ftjw;fhd ,lq;fis
Ntiynfhs;NthUlNdh my;yJ mtHfsJ gps;isfSlNdh gfpHe;J
nfhz;ldH. xU gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; Lgha;
efhpy; “jhd; Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; FLk;gj;NjhL nghpaNjhH gLf;ifaiwapy;
Mz;fs; NtwhfTk;> ngz;fs; NtwhfTk; gLj;J cwq;Ftjhff; $wpdhH. jhd;
mtHfsJ ehd;F ngz; Foe;ijfSlNdNa gLf;Fk; ,lj;ijg; gfpHe;J
nfhz;ljhfTk;> jdf;nfd xU jdpahd ,lkpy;iyahjyhy; jdJ cilfs;
cilikfs; Nghd;wtw;iw ntspapNyNa itj;jjhfTk; $wpdhH.”248 kw;WnkhU
gzpg;ngz;Zk; ,NjNghd;W njhptpj;jhH. “rT+jp mNugpahtpy; vdf;nfd
jdpahdNjhH miwnaJTk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. me;jf; FLk;gj;jpd;
gps;isfSlNdNa ehDk; gLj;Jwq;fpNdd;. mq;F vdf;F vdJ cLJzpfis
itg;gjw;nfd xU mYkhhp$l ,Uf;ftpy;iy. MfNt vdJ cilfis xU
igapDs;Ns itj;J NjitahdNghJ mtw;wpid cgNahfpj;Njd;. me;j
miwapNy gps;isfs; fl;bypy; cwq;f ehd; epyj;jpy; nkj;ijiag; Nghl;L
mjpy; gLj;Jwq;fpNdd;.”249
gy ngz;fs;> jq;fs; gbf;fl;Lfspd; fPNo ad;dy;fspy;yhj ,lq;fspy; my;yJ
nghUl;fisf; fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jk; miwfspNyNa gLj;Jwq;fpdH. v];. khypdp
vDk; gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “vdf;Fj; jdpahf xU miwapUe;jJ> Mdhy;
mJ XH fsQ;rpa miw NghypUe;jJ. ehd; epyj;jpy; xU NghHitAld;
gLj;Jwq;fpNdd;. miw trjpfsw;w xU ,Ul;liw Nghd;wJ. Nfhil fhyj;jpy;
mjDs; ,Uf;f KbahJ.”250
X> rrpe;jp vDk; gzpg;ngz; rT+jp mNugpahtpy; jhd; Ntiy
nra;j ,U ,lq;fspYNk eil $lj;jpNyNa gLj;Jwq;fpajhf $wpdhH. mtH
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $Wifapy;> “ ehd; rpwpaNjhH ,lj;jpy; rpwpa jiyaizAld; epyj;jpNy xU nkj;ijiag; Nghl;L gLj;Jwq;FNtd;.
cz;ikapy; mJnthU miway;y. mjw;F ,Ugf;fKk; fjTfspUe;jd.
mtw;iw ehd; G+l;bf; nfhz;L cs;Ns gLg;Ngd;. mJ trjpaw;wjhf ,Ue;jJ.
gps;isfs; mjD}lhf Ngha; tUthHfs;. mJ ,U
tPLfSf;fpilNa ,Ue;jJ.”251 rrpe;j gzpahw;wpa kw;iwa ,lj;jpYk; jq;Fkpl
248 vr;. re;jphpfTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. FUehfy;> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 4> 2006.
249 vy;. mkpHjpdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. ];nfypah> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 13> 2006.
250 v];. khypdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wpahj;> rT+jp
mNugpah> brk;gH 15> 2006.
251 X. rrpe;jpdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 6> 2006.
87
trjpfspy; Kd;Ndw;wnkJTk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. “mq;NfAk; ehd; eil
$lnkhd;wpNyNa gLj;Jwq;fpNdd;. mtHfs; XH rpwpa nkj;ijiaNa
gLg;gjw;fhfj; je;jpUe;jhHfs;. mJNghJkhdjy;y. vdf;F msthd xU gioa
nkj;ijia mq;F fz;Nld;. Mdhy; mij mtHfs; ntspapy; tPrpdhHfs;>
vdf;Fj; jutpy;iy. mq;F vdf;nfd;nwhU miwapUf;ftpy;iy@ ehd; vdJ
cilfs;> cilikfs; nfhz;l igia tPl;bw;F ntspNajhd; itj;jpUe;Njd;.
vdf;F VNjDk; Xa;TNeuk; fpilj;jhYk; $l mjid ehd; foptiwapypUe;J
nfhz;Nl Xa;ntLf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ehd; eil $lj;jpw;F te;J
cl;fhUtij mtHfs; mDkjpf;ftpy;iy”.252
flTr;rPl;Lf;fis gwpKjy; nra;jy;> gyte;jkhfj; jLj;J
itj;jy; kw;Wk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l njhlHghly; trjpfs;
ntspapy; vq;F nry;tjw;Fk; ehd; mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy...
gj;jphpiffs; thrpg;gjw;F> vdJ ez;gHfs; kw;Wk; FLk;gj;jhUld;
NgRtjw;Fk; mDkjpf;fg; gLtjpy;iy... ehd; thndhyp Nfl;Fk;
Nghjpnyy;yhk; vdJ v[khdp mjid epWj;Jk;gb rj;jkpLthH.
xUehs; $l ehd; ntspNa nry;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg; gltpy;iy.
Fg;igfis ntspNa nrd;W itg;gjw;F kl;Lk;
mDkjpf;fg;gl;Nld;. vdJ cilfis cyHj;Jtjw;fhf ntspapy;
nrd;wNghNj #hpaidf; fz;Nld;. ehd; mq;NfhH
rpiwtho;ifapid mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;. mt;tPl;Lr;
RtHfSk; kpf caukhdit.253
—rp. epHkyp> taJ 28> Fitj; ehl;by; ,uz;L tUlq;Sf;F Nky;
gzp Mw;wpa xU gzpg;ngz;.
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j ngUk;ghyhd tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; mtHfsJ Rje;jpukhd elkhl;lk; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ
FLk;gj;jhHfs; cl;gl VidatHfSldhd njhlHghly;fspy; fl;Lg;ghLfis
vjpHNehf;fpdH. Ntiy nfhs;NthH> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mtHfs; Ntiy
nra;Ak; ,lj;jpid tpl;L jdpahf ntspapy; nry;tjidj; jLj;jJld;
mtHfsJ FLk;gj;jhH> maytHfs; kw;Wk; rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; njhopy;
KftHfs; kw;Wk; J}jufq;fSld; njhlHG nfhs;Sk; trjpfisAk;
fl;Lg;gLj;jpdH.
252 mNj Mjhu%yk;.
253 rp;. epHkypAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fphpghth> ,yq;if>
etk;gh; 7>2006.
88
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j midj;J tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfSk; jq;fsJ flTr;rPl;Lf;fis me;ehl;bw;F Ngha; NrHe;jTld;
Ntiynfhs;NthH gwpKjy; nra;J gpd;dH ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaWk;tiu
jLj;J itj;jpUg;gjhfTk; njhptpj;jdH. nygdhd; ehl;by; ntt;NtW
Ntiynfhs;NthH %d;W Nghplk; gzpahw;wpa xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH $Wifapy;>
“,e;j %d;W Ntiynfhs;NthUNk vdJ flTr;rPl;bid jLj;J
itj;jpUe;jdH. ,Jjhd; ,q;Fs;s tof;fk;. ,J vdf;F kl;Lkhdjy;y. ehq;fs;
tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; te;jpwq;fpaJNk flTr;rPl;L Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; vLj;Jf;
nfhs;sg;gl;L tpLk;> gpd;dH ehk; ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaWk; ehs;tiuf;Fk;
flTr; rPl;il vq;fshy; fhzKbahJ”> vd;whH.254 kw;WnkhU gzpg;ngz;
Fitj; ehl;by; jdJ mDgtj;jpidg; gw;wp $wpdhH. “ehd; te;jpwq;fpaJNk vdJ flTr;rPl;il mtHfs; vd;dplkpUe;J vLj;J tpl;ldH. gpd;dH ehd; tpkhd
epiyaj;jpid tpl;L ntspNaWk; nghOJjhd; vdJ flTr;rPl;bid kWgbAk;
fz;Nld;. v[khdp vdJ flTr;rPl;il vLj;J itj;jpUe;jhH”.255 ,yq;ifapd;
mDkjp ngw;w ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G KftHfs; rq;fj;jpd; (ALFEA)
jiytH> Ntiynfhs;NthH flTr; rPl;Lf;fis gwpKjy; nra;J jLj;J
itj;jpUg;gJ xU gutyhd eilKiwnad;gij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH. mjid
mtH> “mDruizahsHfs; - Ntiynfhs;NthH> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;
ntspehL nrd;wJk; flTr;rPl;Lf;fis itj;Jf; nfhs;tjhf cWjpg;
gLj;;;;;;jpdhH.”256
fhpj;jh]; nygdhd; Gyk;ngaHe;NjhH epiyak; kw;Wk; nfa;NuhtpYs;s
mnkhpf;f gy;fiyf;fofk; vd;git elhj;jpa mz;ika ,U kjpg;gha;Tfs;>
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ flTr;rPl;Lf;fis gwpKjy; nra;J jLj;J itj;jpUg;gJ
jq;fsJ chpiknad ngUk;ghyhd nygdhdpa Ntiynfhs;NthH ek;Gtjhfj;
njhptpj;jdH. fhpj;jh]; nygdhd; Gyk;ngaHe;NjhH epiyak; 2005 ,y; 601
nygdhdpa Ntiy nfhs;NthUld; elhj;jpa njhiyNgrp ciuahly; %ykhd
kjpg;gha;Tfspy; NeH fhzg;gl;l 91 rjtPjkhNdhH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ
flTr;rPl;Lf;fis jLj;J itj;jpUg;gJ jkJ chpiknad $wpdH.257
254 R[Ptdp kj;jhuhr;rpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
(Ntz;LNfhspd;gb cz;ikg; ngaNu gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ)> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3>
2006.
255 gp. rDjpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wk;Gf;fid> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 6> 2006.
256 my;̀ h[;. A.hp.vk;. md;tUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
(ALFEA)> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 31> 2006.
257 87 rjtPjkhNdhH Ntiynfhs;NthH jq;fsJ flTr;rPl;bid jLj;J itj;jpUg;gjhfTk;>
Vida 13 rjtPjj;jpdH njhopy; KftHfs; flTr;rPl;Lf;fis jLj;J itj;jpUg;gjhfTk; my;yJ
ahH jLj;J itj;Js;sdH vd;gjpy; njsptpd;ik ,Ug;gjhfTk; njhptpj;jdH. fhpj;jh];
Gyk;ngaHe;NjhH epiyak;> “nygdhdpy; Gyk;ngaHe;j gzpg;ngz;fs;: fhpj;jh]; kjpg;gha;tpd; XH
rhuhk;rk;”> rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> gapw;rp nraykHT mwpf;if: nygdhdpy; tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz;fs; epiyikfs kPjhd tpopg;GzHit Vw;gLj;Jk; gapw;rpr; nraykHT. (Beirut:ILO,
89
nygdhdpYs;s 458 tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSld; nfa;NuhtpYs;s mnkhpf;f
gy;fiyf;fofk; 2005 ,y; elhj;jpa jdpahdnjhU kjpg;gha;tpd;NghJ
Ntiynfhs;NthUldpUe;J gzpahw;Wk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspy; 1 rjtPjkhNdhH
kl;LNk jq;fsJ flTr;rPl;Lf;fis jhq;fNs itj;jpUf;ff; fhzg;gl;ldH.258
midj;Jg; Gyk;ngaHe;j njhopyhsHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfs; FLk;g cWg;gpdHfspd;
ghJfhg;G kPjhd rkthak; (Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak;)> “rl;lj;jpdhy; mjpfhuk; mspf;fg;gl;l mur cj;jpNahfj;jH xUtiuj; jtpu NtnwtNuDk;
milahsg;gLj;Jk; Mtzq;fs;> Njrpa Ml;Gy my;yJ njhopy; mDkjp
vy;iyf;Fs; cs;Eiojy; my;yJ jq;fpapUj;jy;> trpj;jy; my;yJ ];jhgpj;jy;
vd;gtw;iw mDkjpf;Fk; Mtzq;fisg; gwpKjy; nra;tJ rl;ltpNuhjkhdJ”> vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
259 rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; vd;gd Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthaj;jpd; xU
jug;gpduhf ,y;yhjNghjpYk; gzpahsHfsJ milahsg; gLj;Jk;
Mtzq;fis Ntiynfhs;NthH gwpKjy; nra;J jLj;J itj;jpUg;gJ
If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; kw;Wk nygdhdpy; rl;ltpNuhjkhdjhFk;.260 ,e;jr;
rl;lg; ghJfhg;Gf;fs; eilKiwapy; ,y;iynad;gJld; Ntiynfhs;NthH
kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ flTr;rPl;Lf;fs; kw;Wk;
njhopy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fis gwpKjy; nra;J jLj;J itj;jpUg;gjid
jLg;gjpy;iy.
ngz; gzpahsHfsJ elkhLk; Rje;jpuj;ij NtWtopfspy; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F
Ntiy nfhs;NthH Kide;jdH. Fg;igfisf; nfhz;L nrd;W itg;gjw;fhf
kl;Lk; ntspNa nry;tijj; jtpu Ntnwe;j fhuzq;fSf;fhfTk; ntspapy;
nry;tjw;F jq;fSf;F ,ayhkypUg;gjhf mNefkhd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;
2005) http://www.ilo.org/dyn/gender/docs/RES/451/F799002463/Workshop%20Report%20 on%20Women%20Domestic%20Migrant%20Workers.pdf (accessed May 14, 2007) annex 4, pp. 32-35. 258 fyhepjp. Nwa; Anua;jpdp> nfa;Nuh mnkhpf;f gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd;> “nygdhdpd; Gyk;ngaH
tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fspd; tpguk;”> rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; gapw;rp nraykHT mwpf;if>
gpw;NrHf;if 4 gpgp. 30-31.
259 Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; rkthak;> cWg;Giu 21.
260 CopaHfs; gazpg;gjw;fhd mtHfsJ chpikfis kPWtjhy; CopaHfsJ flTr;rPl;il
Ntiy nfhs;NthH gwpKjy; nra;tjid Lghapd; fN\rd; ePjpkd;wk; jil nra;jJ. mj;Jld;
nygdhdpa rptpy; xOq;F tpjpfSk; Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfs; MfpNahH
Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH fsJ flTr;rPl;Lf;fis jLj;J itj;jpUg;gjid jil nra;fpwJ.
fhpj;jh]; nygdhd; Gyk;ngaH epiyaj;jpd; XH rl;lj;juzp nk Nahrg; Md; vd;gthpd;
$w;wpd;gb> “nygdhd; tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; CopaHfis Ntiynfhs;NthH $l;b tUifapy;
nghJg; ghJfhg;Gj; Jiwiar; NrHe;jtHfs; Ntiy nfhs;Nthhplk; CopaHfspd;
flTr;rPl;Lf;fis ifaspj;J tpLfpd;wdH. ,t;tpjkhd eilKiwfSf;F vjpuhf nygdhdpy;
rl;lq;fs; ,y;yhjNghjpYk;> flTr;rPl;Lf;fs vd;gJ mjid toq;Fk; ehLfSf;F
(cjhuzk;:,yq;if> gpypg;igd;];) chpj;jhditahjyhy; mtw;iwg; gwpKjy; nra;J jLj;J
itj;jpUg;gJ rl;ltpNuhjkhdjhFk;”. Lgha; fN\rd; ePjpkd;w jPHg;G tof;F ,y.268 (2001)@
xf;NlhgH 27> 2001: nk. Nahrg; MDldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
fhpj;jh]; nygdhd; Gyk;ngaH;e;NjhH epiyak;> nga;&l;> nygdhd;> Mf];l; 22> 2007.
90
njhptpj;jdH. rpy gzpg;ngz;fs; Ntiynfhs;NthH my;yJ fhH rhujpAld;
NrHe;J nrd;W tUtjhf ,Ug;gpd; ntspNa nry;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;ldH. rpy
re;jHg;gq;fspy; Ntiynfhs;NthH jhk; ntspNa nry;Yk;NghJ tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfis tPl;bDs; itj;jg; G+l;b tpl;Lr; nrd;wdH. rpy
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$l jpwg;gjw;F mDkjpf;fhJ mtHfsJ elkhLk; Rje;jpuj;jpw;F kpff;
fLikahd fl;Lg;ghLfis tpjpj;jdH. kj;jpa fpof;fpy; gj;J tUlq;fs;
gzpGhpe;j 54 tajhdnjhU ngz; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff;
$Wifapy;> “Ie;J jlitfspyhd vdJ Ntiy mDgtj;jpy; ehd; Ntiy
nra;j tPLfis tpl;L ntspNa elkhLtjw;fhd Rje;jpuk; xUNghJk;
vdf;fpUe;jjpy;iy. ntspNa nry;tjw;fhd re;jHg;gk; vdf;Fj; jug;gl;bUf;f
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gzpGhpe;j mDgtj;Jld; kPz;Lk; gzpGhpa te;Js;s kw;WnkhU Gyk;ngaH
gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “ nygdhdpy; vq;F nry;tjw;Fk; vdf;F Rje;jpukpUf;ftpy;iy. ,uT my;yJ gfy; ve;jNtisfspYk; mtHfs; ntspapy;
nry;Yk;NghJ midj;ijAk; G+l;b> jpwg;gpidAk; jq;fSld; vLj;Jr;
nry;thHfs;. ehd; cs;NsNa ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. rT+jp mNugpahtpYk; epiyik
mt;tpjkhfNt ,Ue;jJ. Fitj; ehl;by; mtHfs; fjitg; G+l;ltpy;iy.
Vnddpy; ahH ntspapy; NghdhYk; tPl;by; ahNuDk; xUtH vg;NghJk;
tPl;bNyNa ,Ue;jdH”> vd;whH.262
gy gzpg;ngz;fs; Ntiy nra;Ak; tPLfspy; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;jiy
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mDgtj;ijf; $Wifapy;> “ehd; ntspapy; nry;tjw;f Rje;jpuk; ,y;iy.
mtHfs; NghFk; nghOJ fjitg; G+l;bf; nfhz;L nry;thHfs;> mtHfs;
kPz;Lk; tUk;tiu ehd; cs;NsapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,J vdf;NfhH rpiwthrk;
Nghd;wpUe;jJ>”263 vd;whH. kw;WnkhU gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “mtHfs; ehq;fs;
filfSf;Fg; Nghtij my;yJ rw;W fhyhw ele;J nry;tijNah
mDkjpg;gjpy;iy....... ehq;fs; Ntiyf;fhuHfs;> MfNt mtHfs; vq;fis
mg;gbNa elhj;jpdhHfs;...... rT+jp mNugpahtpy; vg;nghOJk; ehd;
tPl;bDs;NsNa ,Ue;Njd;. mJNthH rpiw NghyNt ,Ue;jJ. ehd; mjid
tpl;L tpyfNt tpUk;gpNdd;.”264 cs;Ns itj;J G+l;br; nry;Yfpd;w
261 vk;. rj;JhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 6> 2006.
262 v];. fpU\;zDldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;. ];nfypah> ,yq;if> etk;gH 13> 2006.
263 v];. gj;khTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 1> 2006.
264 gp. eadhjpdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. uk;Ng> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 5> 2006.
91
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[d;dy;fspypUe;J Fjpf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. v];. nghd;dk;kh> mtiu cly;
hPjpahf J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;Fs;shf;Fk; Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;Gtjw;fhf
tPl;Lf; $iuapypUe;J Fjpf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ: “mtHfs; vg;nghOJNk cs;s
itj;J jpwg;ghy; G+l;bdH. ehd; NkNy nrd;W Fjpj;Njd;. vd;dhy;
Ntjidiaj; jhq;f Kbatpy;iy. mJnthU ,uz;L khbf;fl;blk;. $iuapy;
xU rpwpa ,ilntsp ,Ue;jJ> vd;dhy; mjw;$lhf ntspNaw
Kbe;jJ>“vd;whH.265
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSs;
ntF rpyUf;Nf jq;fs; Ntiyj;jyj;ij tpl;L Jizapd;wp ntspapy; nrd;W
tuf; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ. v[khdH my;yJ thfdr; rhujpapd; JizAld; Ngha;
tUtjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;ltHfs;> jq;fsJ elkhLk; Rje;jpuj;jpyhd
fl;Lg;ghLfs; mtHfSf;Fr; rpukj;ij Vw;gLj;jpajhff; $wpdhHfs;. xU ngz;
kpFe;j JaUld; Fitj; ehl;by; jdJ mDgtk; gw;wp ,t;thW $wpdhH:
gy nghUl;fis tpw;gid nra;Ak; re;ijfSf;F $l vd;Dld;
$lNt ahuhtJ tUtH. ehd; fhH rhujpAld; nrd;W thq;f
Ntz;ba nghUl;fis rhujpaplk; nrhy;yp tpl;L fhhpy;
cl;fhHe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. rpyrkak; vdf;F cs;sq;fpfs; thq;f
Ntz;bNaw;gLk;. Mdhy; fhH rhujp Mzhifahy; vd;dhy;
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itj;jpUe;Njd;. xUehs; ehd; mtw;iw mzptijf; fz;Zw;w
mtH fhuzj;ijf; Nfl;lhH. ehd; mthplk; vd;dplk;
cs;sq;fpfs; ,y;iynad;W $wpNdd;. mjd;NghJk; $l mtH
vdf;F vjidAk; jutpy;iy. Mdhy; rpyrkaq;fspy; ehd; mtuJ
kfspd; cs;sq;fpfs; vjidAk; jpUb itj;jpUf;fpNwdh vd;gij
cWjp nra;tjw;F miwf;Fs; te;J Nrhjpg;ghH.266
Ntiynfhs;NthH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; jq;fsJ FLk;g cWg;gpdHfs;> Vida
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;> njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ ehl;Lj;
J}jufq;fSldhd njhlHghly;fspYk; fl;Lg;ghLfis tpjpj;jdH. njhiyNgrp
miog;Gf;fis Nkw; nfhs;sNth my;yJ ngwNth my;yJ fbjq;fis
265 v];. nghd;dk;khTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wpahj;> rT+jp
mNugpah> brk;gH 14> 2006.
266 Fkhhp ,e;Jepy; cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>(Ntz;LNfhspd;gb
cz;ikg; ngaNu gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ) ,wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if> etk;gH 6> 2006.
92
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mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iynad njhptpj;jdH. mtHfs; FLk;gj;jhUf;Ff; fbjq;fs;
mDg;gNth my;yJ mtHfsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Nfh my;yJ FLk;g
cWg;gpdHfsplkpUe;J njhiyNgrp miog;Gf;fis ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Nfh
Kbahky; ,Ue;jdH. rpy gzpahsHfs;> ,e;J rKj;jpuj;jpy; Vw;gl;l Rdhkp
mdHj;jq;fspd; gpd;dH $l jq;fs; FLk;gj;jtHfs; ghjpf;fg;gl;lduh>
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mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. Gjpdg; gj;jphpiffis thrpg;gjw;F> thndhyp Nfl;gjw;F
my;yJ njhiyf;fhl;rp ghHg;gjw;Ff; $l rpy Ntiynfhs;NthH jk;ik
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Ntiynfhs;NthH> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mDg;Gk; kw;Wk; ngWk; fbjq;fis
fz;fhzpj;J> jzpf;if nra;fpd;wdH. cjhuzkhf> ,uz;L kfs;fSf;F
jhahd xUtH kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg; gfj;jpw;F $Wifapy;>
“ me;j ,uz;L tUlq;fSk; tPl;ilg; gw;wpa NahridapNyNa ehd; ,Ue;Njd;@
xU njhiyNgrp miog;igf;$l ngWtjw;F my;yJ vdJ kfs;fspd; Fuiyf;
Nfl;gjw;F me;j v[khdp vd;id mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. Kjy; jlit ehd;
fbjq;fis vOjp mtw;iw mDg;Gtjw;fhf mthplk; nfhLj;Njd;. Mdhy;
mtH mtw;iw mDg;gNtapy;iy”> vd;whH.267 kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;
NeHfhzy; nra;j jpdj;jd;W ehL jpUk;gpa 26 tajhd ngz; mOjgb
$Wifapy;> “,e;j tUlk; KOtjw;FNk vdJ FLk;gj;jhH
mDg;gpajpypUe;J ,uz;L fbjq;fis kl;LNk ehd; ngw;Nwd;. ehd;
njhiyNgrpapy; mtHfSld; fijf;f tpUk;gpaNghJ vdJ v[khdp jdpNa
ehd;F wpahy;fis (1 m.nlhyh;) kl;LNk nfhLj;jhH. ,J njhiyNgrpapy;
NgRtjw;F NghJkhdjy;y. ehd; ntspapy; nry;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.
Vida tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fSld; fijg;gjw;F mDkjpapy;iy........ vdf;F
%d;W rpwpa gps;isfs; cs;sdH. ,e;j tUlk; KOtjw;FNk mtHfSld;
vd;dhy; fijg;gjw;F Kbatpy;iy.......... ahUlDk; fijg;gjw;F ehd;
mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. “ehd; Vida gzpg;ngz;fSld; fijj;jhy; mtHfs;
vdJ kdijf; nfLj;J tpLthHfs; vd;gjhNyNa ehd; mtHfSld; NgRtjw;F
mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy”> vd mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;>“268 vd;whH. kw;WnkhU
gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “ehd; vdJ FLk;gj;jhUld; njhiyNgrpapy;
fijg;gjw;F> fbjq;fs; vOJtjw;F tpUk;gpNdd;...... ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;F
cdJ FLk;gj;jhUld; ve;jj; njhlHGfSk; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ vd mtHfs;
267 v];. FkhhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. tshFNl> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 6> 2006.
268 lgps;A+. nry;tFkhhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
fl;Lehaf;f>,yq;if> etk;gH 9> 2006.
93
$wpdhHfs;” “eP rT+jp mNugpahTf;F Ntiy nra;a tUk;nghOJ> cdJ
FLk;gj;ijg; gw;wp kwe;Jtpl Ntz;Lnkd” vdJ Ntiynfhs;NthH $wpdhH.269
Ntiynfhs;NthH ,Jgw;wpf; $Wifapy;> ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W tUl njhopy;
xg;ge;j fhyk; Kbtiltjw;F Kd;ghf mtHfs; Ntiyia tpl;Lr;
nry;tjw;fhd rhj;jpaq;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfNt tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fspd;
njhlHghly;fis kl;Lg;gLj;Jtjhf jq;fs; jug;gpy; epahag;gLj;jpdhHfs;.
Fitj; ehl;by; jdJ Ntiy nfhs;NthH gw;wp xU gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;>
“vd;id xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf ,uz;L tUlj;Jf;F gzk; nrYj;jpNa
ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljhfTk;> mjdhy; ehd; fbjq;fis my;yJ njhiyNgrp
miog;Gf;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tij jd;dhy; mDkjpf;f Kbahnjd;W
$wpajhfTk;” njhptpj;jhH.270270 eilKiwapy; ,e;jf; fl;Lg;ghLfs; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; J\;gpuNahfq;fis mDgtpf;ifapy; mtHfs; njhopy;
KftHfis my;yJ J}jufq;fis njhlHG nfhs;tjpyhd
mtHfsJ ,ay;jd;ikfisAk; kl;Lg;gLj;JfpwJ.
tPL jpUk;Gjy; kPjhd jilfs;
ehd; vdJ v[khdplk; xd;wpy; vdJ rk;gsj;ij jhUq;fs;
my;yJ ehd; ehL jpUk;Gtjw;F vdJ flTr;rPl;ilj; jhUq;fs;
vdf; Nfl;Nld;. mtH vdJ rk;gsj;ijj; ju kWj;jJld;
flTr;rPl;bidAk; ju kWj;J......... vdJ tapw;wpy; cijj;jJld;
KJfpYk; mbj;jhd;> ehd; kaq;fp tpOe;J tpl;Nld;. vdf;F
epidT jpUk;gpaJk; ehd; mOjgb vd;id jpUk;gTk; tPl;bw;F>
vdJ jhahhplk; mDg;Gk;gbAk; Ntz;bNdd;. v[khd; vd;idj;
jpl;bathNw> “ehd; cd;id ,yq;iff;F jpUk;g mDg;gg;
NghtJkpy;iy> cdJ flTr;rPl;ilAk; jug;Nghtjpy;iy>
eP ,q;NfNa ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;”> vdf; fj;jpdhd;.271 —V. ck;kh> taJ 24> Fitj; ehl;by; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf
jdJ jdJ mDgtk; gw;wp $wpaJ.
Gyk;ngaHe;j gzpahsHfs; kPJ jq;fs; mjpfhuj;jpid J\;gpuNahfpg;gjd; %yk;
gy Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; my;yJ njhopy; KftHfs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;
jq;fs; Ntiyia tpl;L tpyfp> rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; xg;ge;j fhyk; Kbtile;j
269 [p. rpj;jpuhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wpahj;> rT+jp
mNugpah>brk;gh; 6> 2006.
270 b.Nrhgdpaldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; Neh;fhzy;. fz;b> ,yq;if>
entk;gh; 10> 2006.
271 V. ck;Kldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
mj;jdfy> ,yq;if>etk;gH 8> 2006.
94
gpd;dUk; $l ,yq;iff;F kPs;jpUk;Gtij jil nra;jdH. ,e;jr; rk;gtq;fs;
mNefkhdtw;wpy; gyte;jkhf jLj;J itj;jy;> kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l
njhlHghly;fs; kw;Wk; flTr;rPl;Lf;fis gwpKjy; nra;jy; Nghd;w
J\;gpuNahfq;fs; gy ,ize;j jd;ikahdJ tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mtHfs;
tpUk;gpa Ntisapy; ,yq;iff;F jpUk;g KbahjnjhU #o;epiyia
cUthf;fpaJ. brk;gH 2004 Rdhkpj; jhf;fj;jpd; gpd;dH jq;fs; FLk;gj;jpdH
gw;wp mwptjw;fhf ehL jpUk;g KbahkYk; my;yJ 2006 ,y; nygdhdpd;
MAj Nkhjy;fspd;NghJ ehL jpUk;g Kbahj gy ngz;fSlDk; kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; fye;JiuahbaJ. tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; mNefk;
mtHfsJ Ntiyj;jyq;fspNyNa VidatHfSld; njhlHghLtjw;F
kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l jd;ikfSld; milgl;bUg;gjdhy;> mtHfs; xg;ge;jq;fs;
Kbtile;jhYk;> toikahd epiyikfspy; $l jq;fsJ ehLfspw;F kPs;
jpUk;gp nry;tJ jilglf;$ba mghaj;jpy; cs;sdH. 2005 ,y; ,yq;if
ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf xg;ge;j fhyk; Kbtile;j gpd;dUk; Ntiy
nfhs;NthH jk;ik ,yq;iff;F jpUg;gpaDg;gtpy;iynad Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg;
gzpg; ngz;fsplkpUe;J 667 Kiwg;ghLfis ngw;w Ntisapy; ,NjNghd;w
Kiwg;ghl;L nghwpKiwfSf;F mZFk; toptiffisf; nfhz;l Gyk;ngaHe;j
Mz; gzpahsHfsplkpUe;J 44 Kiwg;ghLfisg; ngw;wJ.272
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ gps;isfs;> rNfhjuHfs; kw;Wk; ngw;NwhHfs;
MfpNahhpd; ,wg;igf; Nfs;tpAw;W ehL jpUk;gp mtHfsJ kuzr; rlq;Ffspy;
fye;J nfhs;s tpUk;gpaNghJk; Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfs;
MfpNahH tPl;;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ,yq;if jpUk;Gtij jil nra;j rk;gtq;fis
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re;jHg;gj;jpy; xU tPl;Lg; gzpg; ngz;zpd; Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy;
KftH vd;NghH mg;gzpg;ngz;zpd; fztH Gw;WNehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;shH
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mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. gpd;dH mtH ehL jpUk;g mDkjpf;fg;gl;l xUkhjj;jpd;
gpd;dH mg;gzpg;ngz;zpd; fztH ,we;jhH.273 jq;fsJ neUq;fpa FLk;g
cWg;gpdHfs; brk;gH 2004 Rdhkp mdHj;jj;jhy; nfhy;yg;gl;lNghJ jhq;fs;
ehL jpUk;Gtij jq;fsJ Ntiynfhs;NthH jil nra;jjhf gy tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; Kiwapl;ldH. If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; mGjhgp efhpy; 16
tUlq;fshf xNu FLk;gj;jpy; XH tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf gzpahw;wpa vd;.
Nfhkjp vd;gtH kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F njhptpf;ifapy;> jdJ
kfs;> rNfhjhp kw;Wk; kr;rhs; MfpNahH Rdhkpj; jhf;fj;jhy; nfhy;yg;gl;ljhf
mwpe;jNghJk; jdJ Ntiy nfhs;NthH jd;id ehL jpUk;g mDkjpf;ftpy;iy
vd;whH. mtH $Wifapy;:
272 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk;> ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G tUlhe;j
Gs;sptpgu mwpf;if – 2005> g. 61 273 v];. rPj;jhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
fphpahth> ,yq;if>etk;gH 7> 2006.
95
vdJ kfs; Rdhkpahy; nfhy;yg;gl;lhH. vdf;F NtW
gps;isfs; ,y;iy. mtSf;F 13 taJ. Rdhkp Vw;gl;lNghJ ehd;
mGjhgpapy; ,Ue;Njd;..... ehd; ,yq;iff;Fg; Ngha; tUtjw;F
vdJ v[khdpaplk; Nfl;Nld;. mtH mjw;F kWg;Gj; njhptpj;J>
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Ntz;Lk;>“ mjw;fhf eP Vd; NghfNtz;Lk;>“ vd;whH. mtUld;
ehd; thjhbNdd;. MapDk; mtH ehd; Nghtij tpUk;gtpy;iy.
ehd; Nghfj;jhd; Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpanghOJ> me;jg; ngz;
$wpdhH> “cdJ gps;is ,we;J tpl;lJ> ,g;nghOJ eP Vd;
NghfNtz;Lk;> eP vd;d itj;jpauh?”> vd;W Nfl;lhH.”274
vd;. Nfhkjp gpd;dH tpkhdg; gazr;rPl;Lf;fhd gzj;ijr; Nrfhpj;Jf; nfhz;L
gazr; rPl;bidg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L ehL jpUk;gpdhH. mtuJ v[khdhy;
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274 vd;. NfhkjpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fphpahth> ,yq;if>
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96
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Njit”> IOM > gj;jphpifahsH tpsf;fk;. Mf];l; 8> 2006.
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J}jufj;jpw;F jg;gpNahbdhH. MH. gphpae;jpf;fhtpdJ Ntiynfhs;NthUk;
mtiu ,yq;iff;F jpUk;gpr; nry;y mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. “ehd; kpfTk; mr;rkile;jpUe;Njd;. ehd; vdJ capiuf; fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhs;s tpUk;gpNdd;>
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tshFNl> ,yq;if> etk;gH 6> 2006.
281 MH. gphpae;jpf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
fphpghth> ,yq;if> etk;gH 7> 2006.
98
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282 ILO rkthak; ,y.29> gyte;jkhd my;yJ fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gl;l Ntiy njhlHghdJ.
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nfhLg;gdthf 100 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfisAk; me;j
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njhptpj;jhH. vd;idg; NghfNtz;lhnkd;W $wpaJld;> ehd;
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103
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290 vd;. `pdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> jp`hhp> ,yq;if>
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104
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296
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106
mr;rj;ij mNefk; Vw;gLj;JfpwJ”> ,jdhy; gzpahw;Wk;
njhopyhsnuhUtH jdJ milahsj;ij my;yJ Njrpaj;ij
ep&gpf;f ,ayhky; Vw;gLk;.299
6. mjpfhhpfsplk; ifaspg;gjhf mr;RWj;jy;: nghyP]; my;yJ FbtuT
cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; Nghd;w mjpfhhpfsplk; ifaspf;fg;Nghtjhf
my;yJ ehL flj;jg;NghtJ Nghd;w mr;RWj;jy;fis cs;slf;FfpwJ.
“,t;tr;RWj;jy;fs; Nfhhpf;ifia tpLf;Fk; eghpdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;
nray;fSld; njhlHGgl;ljhf ,Uf;f Ntz;ba
Njit” ,y;yhjjhf ,Uf;fyhk;.300
7. jw;Nghija njhopypUe;J NtiyePf;fk; my;yJ vjpHfhy njhopy;
tha;g;Gf;fspypUe;J tpyf;Fjy;:301
8. chpikfs; my;yJ tug;gpurhjq;fis ePf;Fjy;: “VNjDk;
jz;lidf;fhd mr;RWj;jy;” vd;gJ Fw;wtpay; jilfSf;fhd
mr;RWj;jy;fs; kl;Lkd;wp> “chpikfs; my;yJ
tug;gpurhjq;fis ,of;FNkhH epiyia” vLg;gijAk;
cs;slf;FfpwJ.302
Ntiy jd;dpr;irapd;wp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sjh vd;gij jPHkhdpg;gjw;F
rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; rk;kjj;ijg; ngWtjw;F Vkhw;Wjy; my;yJ Nkhrb
gad;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fpd;wjh vd;gjpid kl;Lk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;shJ
ntspthhpahd fl;Lg;gLj;jy;fs;> kiwKfkhd tYf;fl;lhaq;fs; kw;Wk;
nfhLf;fg;gl;l rk;kjj;ij RahjPdkhf ,uj;Jr; nra;af;$ba rhj;jpaq;fisAk;
ftdj;jpy; nfhz;lJ.303
Nkw;ghHit nra;Ak; rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd;gb>
“vq;F Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; Vkhw;Wjy;fs;> ngha; thf;FWjpfs; kw;Wk;
milahs Mtzq;fisj; jLj;J itj;jy; my;yJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd;
jPHkhdj;jpd;gb fl;lhakhf jq;fpapUj;jy; vd;gtw;wpw;F Mshfpd;wdNuh mq;F
jd;dpr;iraw;wjhf fUjg;glf;$ba NtiyfSf;F xU gzpahsH Muk;gj;jpy;
299 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> Ml;flj;jy; kw;Wk; fl;lha Ntiyfs; %ykhd Ruz;ly;fs;.
gf;fk; 21.
300 mNj Mjhu %yk;
301 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; fl;lha Ntiyf;nfjpuhd XH cyff; $l;L. pp. 5-6 Box 1.1
302 mNj Mjhu %yk;: rHtNjr njhopyhsH kfhehL> “fl;lha Ntiy rkthak; njhlHghd
mwpf;iffspd; nghJ kjpg;gha;T> 1930(,y.29) kw;wk; mbikj; njhopiy xopj;jy; kPjhd
rkthak; 1975(,y.105): rkthaq;fspd; gpuNahfk; kw;Wk; ghpe;Jiufs; kPjhd epGzHfs; FOtpd;
mwpf;if”> mwpf;if 111> 65tJ mkHT (n[dPth: ILO , 1979) ge;jp 21.
303 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; fl;lha Ntiyf;nfjpuhd XH cyff; $l;L> g.6
107
jk; rk;kjj;jpidj; njhptpg;gjhf fhzg;glyhk;.304
nfhLf;fg;gl;l rk;kjj;ij
gzpahsHfs; RahjPdkhf ,uj;Jr; nra;a
KbAnkd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. “jq;fs; Ra Vw;ghl;bw;fika fl;lha Ntiy epiyikfSf;Fs; cs;EioAk; gyH gpd;dH
jq;fsJ NtiyapypUe;J Rje;jpukhf ntspNaw Kbahnjd;gjid gpd;dNu
czHe;J nfhs;fpwhHfs;”.305 Mifahy;> njhopyhsHfspd; Ntiytha;g;Gf;fis
Rje;jpukhf njhpT nra;Ak; chpik me;epag;gLj;jg;gl Kbahjjhy;306 rHtNjr
njhopy; ];jhgdk;> “njhopyhsH njhopiy tpl;L tpyFtjd; kPjhd
fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;F cl;gLtjhf Rje;jpukhd tifapy; ,zq;fpapUe;jhYk; $l mJ
fl;lha NtiyahfNt fUjg;gLk;”307> vd;W $WfpwJ. rHtNjr
njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd;gb rk;kjkpd;ik my;yJ jd;dpr;irapy;yhj
Ntiyifspd; cjhuzq;fs;: Ntiy nra;Akplq;fspy; jLj;J itf;fg;gly;>
cstpay; hPjpahf fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gly; (jz;lidf;fhd
mr;RWj;jy; ,Ug;gjw;fhd ek;gj;jFe;j gpd;dzpapypUe;J tpLf;fg;gl;l fl;lis
Nghd;wit)> ngUg;gpf;fg;gl;l fld;gly; jd;ik (jtwhd fzf;Ffs;> mjpfhpj;j
tpiyfs;> $ba tl;bf; fl;lzq;fs; Nghd;wit) Ntiyfspd; jd;ikfs;
kw;Wk; epge;jidfs; gw;wpa Vkhw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; ngha; thf;FWjpfs;>
Ntjdq;fis epWj;jp itj;jy; kw;Wk; nrYj;jhik> milahsg;gLj;Jk;
Mtzq;fs; my;yJ ngWkjpahd jdpg;gl;l cilikfis jLj;J
itj;jpUj;jy; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wd.308
fl;lha Ntiy ,yq;ifapy; rl;ltpjpfspd; fPo; rl;ltpNuhjkhdJld;309
kw;Wk;
If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;> Fitj; kw;Wk; nygdhd; ehLfspy; Fw;wtpay;
Nfhit fl;lhag; gLj;Jk; Ntiyfis Vw;gLj;Jk; elj;ijfis
304 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; > kdpjf; flj;jy; kw;Wk; fl;lha Ntiyfs; %ykhd Ruz;ly;>
g.23.
305 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> fl;lha Ntiyf;nfjpuhd xU cyf $l;L> g>6
306 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> Ntiyfspd; mbg;gil chpikfs; kw;Wk; rHtNjr njhopy;
juq;fs; (n[dPth> 2003) pp. 36-38. 307
rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; > kdpjf; flj;jy; kw;Wk; fl;lha Ntiyfs; %ykhd
Ruz;ly;> g.23.
308 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; fl;lha Ntiyf;nfjpuhd XH cyff; $l;L. g.6 Box 1.1
309 ,yq;if Fw;wtpay; Nfhit ,y.2> 1883> gphpT 358 (A) jpUj;jpa Fw;wtpay; Nfhit
(jpUj;jg;gl;lJ) ,y.16> 2006> gphpT 7. (xU Fw;wtpay; Fw;wj;jpw;fhd tplakhf my;yJ
fhuzkhf Mf;Ftjw;F ahNuDk; egnuhUtH fl;lha my;yJ tw;GWj;jpa Ntiyf;fhshtJ>
“VNjDk; jz;lidnaDk; mr;RWj;jypd; fPo; egnuhUthplkpUe;J mtuhy; jd;dpr;irahf jhkhf
Kd;te;J toq;fg;glhJ gyte;jkhfg; ngwg;gLk; midj;J Ntiyfs; my;yJ Nritfs;) vd
tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;JfpwJ.
108
jilnra;fpd;wJ.310
rT+jp mNugpah mjd; njhopy; rl;lf;Nfhit %yk; fl;lha
Ntiyiaj; jz;bf;fpwJ.311
Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfspYs;s njhopy; KftHfshy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; Ruz;ly; eilKiwfs;
vdJ v[khdp vd;id xU K];ypk; Kfthplk; ifaspj;jhH.
mq;fpUe;jtHfs; vd;id ,Lg;Gg; gl;bahy; mbj;jdH. mq;nfhU
K];ypk; ngz;Zk; ,Ue;jhH. mtH jdJ iffshy; vdJ
fd;dj;jpy; miwe;jhH. ehd; kpfTk; nehe;J Ngha;tpl;Nld;.... ehd;
me;j Ntiynfhs;NthUld; %d;W khjq;fs; tiuapyhtJ ,Uf;f
Ntz;LnkdTk;> %d;W khjq;fspd; gpd;dNu vd;dhy; jg;gpNahl
KbAnkd;Wk; mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. Mdhy; vg;gbj;
jg;gpNahLtnjd vdf;Fj; njhpatpy;iy.... ehd; me;j
Kfthplk; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ $bafhykpUe;J Ntiy
nra;tjw;NfJthf NtW ey;ynjhU Ntiy nfhs;Nthiu khw;wpj;
jUkhW Nfl;Nld;. MapDk; mtHfs; mjidr; nra;atpy;iy...
ehd; me;j Kfthplk; kPz;Lk; kWKiw nrd;wNghJ.... me;j
KftH jpUk;gTk; jdJ ,Lg;Gg; gl;bahy; vd;id mbj;jhH.
mtHfs; mbj;jjpy; vdf;F rpWePUld; ,uj;jk; NghdJ. mtHfs;
vd;id mbg;gjw;F ,Lg;Gg; gl;biaNa gad;gLj;jpdH. KftH
vd;id Ie;J ehl;fs; tiu Xuiwapy; G+l;bitj;jhH.312
310 nygdhdpa Fw;wtpay; Nfhit> cWg;Giu 569 (“xU Ntiyia epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf”>
jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpuj;ij ,of;fr; nra;tij jLj;jy; kw;Wk; egnuhUtuJ ,of;fg;gl;l jdpg;gl;l
Rje;jpuj;ij gad;gLj;Jtij jil nra;jy;): Fitj; Fw;wtpay; Nfhit> cWg;Giu
173(ghjpf;fg;gl;l xUtiu VNjDk; nra;tpg;gjw;fhf fl;lhag;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; mtUf;F
cly;hPjpahd jPq;F my;yJ mtuJ ew;ngaH my;yJ cilikfSf;F Nrjk; tpistpg;gjhf
mr;RWj;Jk; vtH kPJk; jz;lid tpjpj;jy;) kw;Wk; cWg;Giu 121: Fw;wtpay; Nfhit kPjhd
1970 Mk; Mz;bd; Fitj;jpa jpUj;jr rl;ltpyf;fk; 31 cWg;Giufs; 49 kw;Wk; 57. (murpw;fhf
my;yJ nghJ mikg;gpw;fhf nghJj; Jiw mjpfhhpfs; my;yJ CopaHfs; njhopyhsH
xUtiu xU Ntiyapid epiwNtw;Wk;gb fl;lhag;gLj;Jjiy jil nra;jy;)@ If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpa ngluy; Fw;wtpay; Nfhit ,y.3 cWg;Giu 347. Fitj; murpay; mikg;G
cWg;Giu 42 IAk; ghHf;fTk;. (rl;lj;jpdhy; FWf;fpl;l Njrpa mtru epiyikfs; kw;Wk;
epahakhd Cjpaj;Jldhdit jtpu fl;lha Ntiyia jil nra;jy;.
311 fl;lha Ntiyia Fw;wtpay;gLj;Jk; tpNrlkhd rl;lthf;fq;fis rT+jp mNugpah
nfhz;bUf;f tpy;iy. njhopy; rl;lq;fs; Ntiynfhs;NthH “nfhLg;gdtpd;wpj; njhopyhsHfis
gad;gLj;Jtij Ntz;LfpwJ”> Ntz;LfpwJ. MapDk; mJ ,e;j Vw;ghl;bid kPWk;
Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; kPJ xg;gPl;lstpy; ,Nyrhd jz;lidfisNa toq;FfpwJ. Vnddpy;
njhopy; rl;lk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis cs;slf;ftpy;iy> mtHfs; ,e;j Vw;ghl;bdhy;
ghJfhf;fg;gltpy;iy. rT+jp mNugpa njhopy; rl;lk;. mur jPHit ,y.M/51, 23 Shaban 1426 nrg;nlk;gH 27> 2005). cWg;Giu 61>239 312 v];. re;jphpf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 4> 2006.
109
—vr;. re;jphpf;fh> taJ 27. If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; Lgha;
efhpy; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf gzpahw;Wifapyhd mtuJ
mDgtq;fspypUe;J.
mjpf vz;zpf;if mstpyhd rk;gtq;fspy;> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;
gpur;rpidfisj; jPHg;gjw;F my;yJ ey;ynjhU Ntiynfhs;Nthhplk; khwpr;
nry;tjw;fhd njhopy; KftHfis ehLtJ mjid tplg; ghhpa
J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F ,l;Lr; nry;tjhfp tpLfpwJ. tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; jhq;fs;
Ntiy nra;Ak; ,lq;fspy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahjstpyhd Ntiy epiyikfs;
my;yJ NtW J\;gpuNahfq;fis mDgtpf;ifapy; Ntiynfhs;Sk;
ehl;bYs;s njhopy; KftHfsplk; cjtpia ehLtJ nghJthdnjhd;whFk;.
rpy njhopy; KftHfs; Njitahd cjtpfis toq;Fifapy; kw;iwa
rpy KftHfs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;gpNahb te;J
cjtpia ehLk;NghJ mtHfis rpy rkaq;fspy; mbj;J mr;RWj;Jfpd;wdH.
njhopy; KftHfs; gzpg;ngz;fis kPz;Lk; mtHfisj; Jd;GWj;Jk;
Ntiynfhs;Nthhplk; fl;lhag;gLj;jp my;yJ gyte;jkhf jpUg;gpaDg;gpa
rk;gtq;fis kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfKk; Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. tPl;Lg;
gzpg; ngz;fis mtHfsJ Ntiynfhs;Sk; ,lq;fspNyNa ,Uf;fg;
gz;Ztjw;fhd njhopy; KftHfspd; fl;lhag;gLj;Jk; eltbf;iffs;
Ntiynfhs;Nthiu khw;Wtjw;F mjpfhpj;j fl;lz mwtpLjy;fisAk;
cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. kdpj chpikfs; Mtzg; gLj;jpa gy rk;gtq;fspy; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfis Neubahf mr;RWj;jp my;yJ cly; hPjpahd
J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Mshf;fpatHfs; rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd;
my;yJ If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; vd;gtw;iw jskhff;
nfhz;L ,aq;Fk; ,yq;ifj; njhopy; KftHfNsahtH.
,e;j cly; hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F gq;fspf;Fk; xU fhuzpahf Ml;NrHg;Gf;
fl;lzKiw fhzg;gLtJld; fl;lha Ntiy epiyikfSf;Fk; ,l;Lr;
nry;fpwJ. Ntiyapd; Kjy; %d;W khjq;fSk; xU ghPl;rhHj;j fhynkd;gJ
Ghpe;J nfhs;sf; $banjhd;whFk;> ,f;fhyj;jpy; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; fHg;gkhf
cs;shH my;yJ cly;ey gpur;rpidfs; fhuzkhf Ntiynfhs;NthH my;yJ
tPl;Lg; gzpahsH xg;ge;jj;ij KbTWj;jpd; njhopy; KftH xU khw;W tPl;Lg;
gzpahsiu fl;lzq;fs; vJTkpd;wp Ntiynfhs;NthUf;F toq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;
my;yJ mtuJ Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzj;ij kPsspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.313
KftHfs;
mbf;fb ,e;j %d;Wkhj cj;juthjk; gw;wp Ntiynfhs;NthUf;F
tpsk;gug;gLj;Jk;. xU njhopy; KftH $wpaJ> “91 ehl;fspd; gpd;dH KftH
313 lgps;A+.vk;. rprpw gz;lhu (njhopy; KftH> rkhrp khd; gtH NrHtp]];) cldhd kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006.
110
Ntiynfhs;NthUf;F ve;jf; flg;ghLilatUky;yH – Ntiynfhs;NthH
kPz;Lk; fl;lzk; nrYj;jpg; Gjpa tPl;Lg; gzpahsiug; ngwy; Ntz;Lk;.”314
njhopy; KftHfspd; $w;Wg;gb> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F Gjpa
Ntiynfhs;NthH xUtiu toq;f Ntz;ba flg;ghL jq;fSf;F
vJTkpy;iynad;gJ mtHfs; epiyg;ghlhFk;. njhopy; KftnuhUtH kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $Wifapy;> “gzpg;ngz;zpw;F VNjDnkhU
gpur;rpidapUe;jhy;... mtUf;F xU Gjpa Ntiynfhs;Nthiuj; Njbf;
nfhLg;gjw;F ,q;nfhU flg;ghLkpy;iy”> vd;whH.315 rpyrkak; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kpf Nkhrkhd J\;gpuNahfq;fis mDgtpf;fpd;w epiyikfspYk;
$l Ntiy nra;tjw;F khw;wplnkhd;iwf; NfhUk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ
Ntz;LNfhs;fs;> Ntiynfhs;Sk; me;ehl;bYs;s njhopy; KftHfshy;
epuhfhpf;fg;gLtjhf gy tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $wpdH. lgps;A+. Nrhkh vd;Dk; gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;>
“Fitj; ehl;bw;Fr; nrd;w gpd;dH... vdJ KjyhtJ Ntiynfhs;NthUld;
vdf;Fg; gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gl;ld... ehd; njhopy; KftUld; njhlHG nfhz;L
vdJ f\;lj;jpidf; $wpaNghJ> KftH vd;id thia %bf;nfhz;L %d;W
khjq;fs; tiu nghWikahf ,Uf;Fk;gbAk; mjd;gpd;dH vdJ tplaj;ij
ftdj;jpy; nfhs;tjhfTk; $wpdhH. ‘%d;W khjq;fs;’ vd;W mtHfs; $wpdH.
gpd;dH ,uz;lhe; jlit ehd; njhlHG nfhz;lNghJ ‘MW khjq;fs;’ tiuapUf;Fk;gb $wpdH> gpd;dH vl;;L khjq;fnsdTk; mjd;gpd; ‘xU tUlk; tiu nghWf;Fk;gbAk;’ $wpdH. ehd; vdJ KjyhtJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd;
tPl;by; vl;L khjq;fs; tiu ,Ue;J tpl;Nld;. ehd; Kftiu mioj;J
xg;ge;jj;jpypUe;J vd;id tpLtpf;Fk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhz;ljw;F>
Ntiynfhs;NthH kWg;Gj; njhptpj;jJld; ehd; mtuJ gzpg;ngz;nzdTk;>
ehd; mtHfSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdtH vdTk; $wpdhH.”316 njhopy;
KftnuhUtH ,e;j eilKiwfs; re;ijf; fhuzpfshy; epHzapf;fg;gLtjhf
epahag;gLj;j Kidtij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH. “,JnthU tpahghuk;. ehq;fs; kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; vjpHghHg;GfSf;F Vw;wjhf toq;fy;fis
Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ....Ntiynfhs;NthH jq;fs; ehl;by; jhk;
tpUk;gpatw;iwr; nra;J nfhs;syhk;” vd;whH.317
314 Xa;Tngw;w njhopy; KftH (ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) cldhd kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006.
315 mNj Mjhu %yk;.
316 lgps;A+. NrhkhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 4> 2006.
317 gp. gpujPg; epaz;LnghyTldhd (njhopy; KftH> NjrfPHj;jp yq;fh vd;ugpiur];) kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> ,yq;if etk;gH 3> 2006.
111
Ntiynfhs;NthH njhopy; KftHfSf;F toq;Fk; fl;lzk; 450
nlhyHfspypUe;J 1600 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;318
tiuapUg;gjhy;> tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; ,e;jg; ghPl;rhHj;jf; fhyg;gFjp tiu J\;gpuNahfq;fis
Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Ntiynfhs;NthUld; $l njhlHe;Jk; gzpahw;Wtij
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd epjp rhHe;j tYthd Cf;Ftpg;ig ,j;njhopy; KftHfs;
nfhz;Ls;sdH. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy;> ,e;j epjp rhHe;j Cf;Ftpg;G nghUshjhu
hPjpapy; gytPdkhfTs;s rpwpa njhopy; KftHfSf;F nghUshjhu
mOj;jj;jpdhy; Njitahf cs;sJ. ,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaH Ml;NrHg;G njhopy;
gw;wp Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhz;l khDltpayhsH ikf;Nfy; `k;NgHl; vd;gtuJ
fUj;Jg;gb tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; gyH xU FWfpa fhyj;Js; ,yq;iff;F ehL
jpUk;Gtjhapd;> Ntiynfhs;NthUf;F gzj;jpid kPsspg;gjdhy; Vw;gLk; nryT
rpwpa njhopy; KftH epWtdq;fis tq;FNuhj;J epiyikf;F Mshf;fptpLk;.319
kw;iwa re;jHg;gq;fspy; Kfthpd; Nehf;fk; ,yhgk; rhHe;jjhFk;. kj;jpa
fpof;fpw;F 30 tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fis Ml;NrHf;Fk;
KftnuhUtH kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $Wifapy;> tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; %d;W khjfhy ghPl;rhHj;j Ntiyf;fhy gFjpapy; jg;gpNahLtJ
NkYk; fbdkhfpAs;sjhy; jw;NghJ njhopy; KftHfs;
$Ljy; ,yhgkPl;Ltjhff; Fwpg;gpl;lhH.320
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; J\;gpuNahfq;fs; gw;wp Kiwapl;lhYk; $l ,e;j
ghPl;rhHj;j %d;W khj fhyg;gFjpia mtHfs; G+Hj;jp nra;Ak;tiu
Ntiynfhs;NthUf;fhf njhlHe;J Ntiynra;tjw;F njhopy; KftHfs;
jq;fis gyte;jg;gLj;Jk; Kaw;rpfs; Fwpj;J tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F tpghpj;jdH. ,yq;ifia tpl;Lg; Gwg;gLtjw;F
rw;W Kd;gjhf ,yq;if tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; gzp GhpNthuhy; ,Oj;Jr;
nry;yg;gl;L ghypay; ty;YwTf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;l xU ngz; kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $Wifapy;> “tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; eilngw;w mtyj;jhy;
vdf;F ,uj;jg;Nghf;F Vw;gl;lJld; the;jpAk; mbf;fb vLf;fj; njhlq;fpajdhy;
Fitj;jpYs;s njhopy; Kfthplk; ehd; clNd ,yq;if jpUk;g Ntz;Lnkd
kd;whbNdd;. KftH mYtyfj;jpy; KftH ehd; ngha; $Wtjhfr; nrhy;yp
vd;idj; jhf;fpdhH. mtH jd; ifahy; vd; fd;dj;jpy; ,uz;L %d;W
jlitfs; mbj;jhH... me;j KftH ve;jtpjj;jpYk; vdf;F
318 Ntiynfhs;NthH njhopy; KftHfSf;F toq;Fk; fl;lzq;fs; rT+jp mNugpahtpy; 75-1600
m.nlhyHfshfTk;> Fitj; kw;Wk; nygdhdpy; 1000-1100 m.nlhyHfshfTk;. If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; 450-1100 m.nlhyHfSf;F ,ilg;gl;ljhfTk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Xa;Tngw;w
njhopy; KftH (ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006. mrhk; V yj;jPg; (njhopy; KftH> my;-mf;fPk;
vd;ugpiur]; (jdpahH) ypkpl;nll; cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006.
319 fk;NgHl; rikayiwf; fuz;bapd; ifgpb> g.29.
320 Xa;Tngw;w njhopy; KftH (ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) cldhd kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006.
112
cjTgtuhf ,y;yhjJld;> Fitj;jpNyNa ,Uf;Fk;gb vd;id Nehf;fp
rj;jkpl;lhH.”321 kw;WnkhU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH $Wifapy;>
mGjhgpapYs;s ,yq;if KftnuhUtH Ntiy nfhs;NthH J\;gpuNahfk;
Nkw;nfhs;fpwhH vdf; fhuzk; fhl;b %d;W khjq;fs; G+Hj;jpahf Kd;dH
Ntiynfhs;Nthiu khw;wp my;yJ ,yq;if jpUk;gpdhy; jhd; mguhjkhf
80>000 &gha; (710 m.nlhyH) nrYj;j Ntz;Lnkd vr;rhpf;fg;gl;ljhff;
$wpdhH.322
ghPl;rhHj;j %d;W khjfhyj;jpd; gpd;dUk; $l njhopy; KftHfs; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfis mtHfsJ Ntiynfhs;NthUf;F njhlHe;Jk; gzpahw;Wtjw;F
gyte;jg;gLj;Jk; cghaq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjhf tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;
njhptpj;jdH. cjhuzkhf tPl;Lg; gzpahsH jq;fsJ
Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J khwpr; nry;tjw;F my;yJ ,yq;iff;F jpUk;gpr;
nry;y Ntz;Lk;NghJ njhopy; KftH tPl;Lg; gzpahsH Nky; mjpfhhpfsplk;
Fw;wQ; rhl;lg;Nghtjhf kpul;Ljy; ,jpnyhd;whFk;. rT+jp mNugpahtpy; cly;
kw;Wk; ghypay; hPjpapyhd J\;gpuNahfq;fis rfpj;Jf; nfhz;l 18 tajhd
v];. gj;kh vd;gtH $Wifapy;> ehd; ,yq;iff;Fj; jpUk;g Ntz;Lnkd vdJ
Ntiynfhs;Nthhplk; kd;whl;lkhff; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;ljd; gpd;dH mtuJ Ntiy
nfhs;NthH mtiu njhopy; Kfthplk; $l;br; nrd;wnghOJ: “mq;F
xU ,yq;ifaNu ,Ue;jhH. mtH ehd; mt;tplj;ij tpl;L khwKbahnjdTk;>
mq;Fjhd; njhlHe;Jk; Ntiy nra;a Ntz;LnkdTk; ,y;iyNay;
vd;id ,uz;L tUlq;fs; rpiwapy; Nghlg; NghtjhfTk” ; $wpdhH.323
v];. `dPgh vd;gtH Lghapy; jdJ mDgtk; gw;wpf; $Wifapy;> “ehd; ,uz;L
tUlq;fs; mq;F ,Uf;f Ntz;bajhapw;W. KftH mr;RWj;jpdhH> ehd; ,uz;L
tUlq;fs; mq;fpUf;fhJ tpl;lhy; vd;idj; jpl;b mbf;fg; Nghtjhff; $wpdhH...
ehd; vg;gb ,yq;iff;Fj; jpUk;Gtnjd Nahrpj;Njd;. ehd; Kftiu ek;gr;
nra;tjw;F gyKiw epidj;jhYk; vdf;F kpfTk; gakhf ,Ue;jjpdhy; ehd;
mq;NfNa njhlHe;Jk; ,Ue;Njd;.”324 ,e;j mr;RWj;jy;fs; “jz;lidf;fhd XH
mr;RWj;jiy” cUthf;Ftjhy; fl;lha Ntiyf;fhdnjhU epiyikf;F ,it
gq;fspf;fpd;wd.
321 vk;. bypdpf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> ,yq;if>
etk;gH5. 2006.
322 v];. kNdhwQ;rdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 1> 2006.
323 v];. gj;khTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 7> 2006.
324 v];. `dPghTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> jp`hhp> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 8> 2006.
113
Ntiy nfhs;NthH xUtUf;fhf njhlHe;Jk; gzpahw;Wtjw;F tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfis epHg;ge;jpg;gjw;fhf my;yJ mtHfspd; Ntiyfspy;
FiwghLfnsdf; fUjg;gLgitf;fhd jz;lidfshf cly; hPjpahd
J\;gpuNahfq;fisAk; njhopy; KftHfs; Ghpe;jdH. Gyk;ngaHtjw;F
Kd;dH ,yq;ifapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l rj;jpu rpfpr;irapd; fhuzkhf rT+jp
mNugpahtpy; jd; flikfis epiwNtw;w Kbahj xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; jdJ
njhopy; Kfthplk; KiwaPL nra;jNghJk; mtuJ tpUg;gj;jpw;F khwhf mtiu
kPz;Lk; me;j Ntiynfhs;NthhplNk me;j KftH jpUg;gp mDg;gpdhH. me;jg;
ngz; $Wifapy; “Ntiynfhs;NthH jpUg;jpailatpy;iy nad;why; mtHfs;
vq;fis Kfthplk; jpUg;gpaDg;GthHfs;. KftH vd;id mbj;jhd;. xt;nthU
ehSk; kPz;Lk; jpUk;g jpUk;g mbj;jhd;. vd; fz;fspd; fPOs;s ,e;j jOk;G
mtdhy; Vw;gl;lJ... mtd; jdJ iffshYk; xU jbahYk; mbj;jhd;.
fz;fspy; $l mbj;jhd;>”325 vd;whH. Fitj; ehl;by; V. ck;Ktpd;
Ntiynfhs;NthH mtiu kpd;rhu Jilg;gj;jpd; ,wg;gH Fohapdhy;
mbj;jNghJ mtH njhopy; Kfthplk; nrd;W jdf;F NtnwhU
Ntiynfhs;Nthiu Vw;ghL nra;J jUk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH. mjw;F me;j
KftH> vd;id kPz;Lk; gioa ,lj;jpw;Nf nrd;W Ntiy nra;Ak;gb
nrhd;dhd;... ehd; mOJ> Ntiy nra;tjw;F kw;nwhU tPl;bid Vw;ghL nra;J
jUk;gb nfQ;rpNdd;> MapDk; vdJ Ntz;LNfhis KftH kWj;jJld; gioa
v[khdplNk nrd;W Ntiy nra;AkhW $wpdhH. KftH vd;id Ntiy nra;j
gioa ,lj;jpw;Nf jpUk;;Gk;gb $wpaikahy; vdf;F NtW njhpTfs;
vJTk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.”326 gpd;dH V. ck;kh Kfthplk; kPz;Lk; jpUk;gpr;
nrd;wNghJ KftH mtiu jhf;fpabj;jhH. mtH mjid epidTgLj;Jifapy;>
“,e;jj; jlit ehd; Kfthplk; nrd;wNghJ vd;idnahU miwf;Fs; $l;br;
nrd;W> “Vd; cd;dhy; Xhplj;jpYk; ,Uf;f KbahJ?> Vd; ,q;F kPz;Lk;
kPz;Lk; jpUk;gp tUfpwha;?” vdf; Nfl;L vd;id mbj;jhH>327 vd;W $wpdhh;.
rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; njhopy; KftHfs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsiu NtnwhU Ntiy
nfhs;NthUf;F khw;wp tpLk;NghJ mjw;Fk; xU $ba fl;lzj;jpid
mwtpLfpd;wdH. mGjhgpapy; xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH $Wifapy;> KftH
Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; ngahpid vdJ tprh mDkjpg;gj;jpuj;jpy; khw;Wtjw;F 500
buhk;fs; (136 m.nlhyHfs;) mwtpl;lhH. mtH mDkjpg;gj;jpuj;jpid vdf;Ff;
fhl;ltpy;iy. Mdhy; Ntiy nfhs;Nthhpd; ngaiu tprh
mDkjpg;gj;jpuj;jpy; khw;whJtpl;lhy; ehd; ,uz;lhtJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhplk;
gzpahw;w KbahnjdTk; mtHfs; cd;id xU gzpahsuhf
325 vk;. `];dhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> wpahj;> rT+jp
mNugpah> brk;gh 6> 2006.
326 V.ck;KTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> mj;jdfy> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 8> 2006.
327 mNj Mjhu %yk;.
114
Vw;Wf;nfhs;skhl;lhHfs; vd;gJld; nghyprhhpdhy; ehd; ifJ
nra;ag;glyhnkdf; $wpajhfTk;” nrhd;dhH.328
gy re;jHg;gq;fspy; njhopy; KftHfs; ,yq;iff;Fj; jpUk;gpr; nry;tjw;fhd
gazr; rPl;Lf;fhf xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyk;tiu toikahfg; gy khjq;fSf;F
Ntjdkpy;yhJ gzpGhpAk;gb tPl;Lg; gzpahsiu epHg;ge;jpf;fpd;wdH. nygdhd;
ehl;by; gzpGhptjw;F xU tUl xg;ge;jj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;j xU tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz; $wpaJ> “xU tUlj;jpd; gpd; ehd; ,yq;if jpUk;g Ntz;Lnkd
$wpNdd;. KftHfs; mjw;F rk;kjk; njhptpj;jhYk; vd;id ed;F VrpdhHfs;.
ehd; ,yq;iff;F tu jpl;lkpl;lNghJ> ehd; MW khjq;fs;tiu rk;gskpy;yhky;
fhj;jpUf;f Ntz;bajhapw;W. ehd; Ntiy nra;j mNj tPl;bNyNa me;j MW
khjq;fSk; Ntiy nra;Njd;. vdJ KftH epWtdk; ,yq;if jpUk;Gtjw;fhd
re;jHg;gj;jpid je;jJ. MdhYk; vdf;F ,e;j MW khjj;jpw;Fhpa rk;gsk;
fpilf;ftpy;iy”329 Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; kfdhy; ghypay;
ty;;YwTf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;L> fHg;gkhf;fg;gl;l kw;WnkhU gzpg;ngz; kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $Wifapy;> rT+jp mNugpahtpYs;s njhopy;
KftH> mtuJ tpkhdg; gazr;rPl;Lf;fhd nryit <Lnra;tjw;fhf njhlHe;Jk;
mNj ,lj;jpy; gzp GhpAk;gb tw;GWj;jpdhH: “ ehd;> mq;F nghWg;ghf ,Ue;j
KftH `gPy; vd;gthplk; $wpNdd;> vd;id mq;fpUe;J $l;br;
nry;Yk;gbAk; ,y;yhJtpl;lhy; ehd; jw;nfhiy nra;ag;NghtjhfTk; nrhd;Ndd;.
mtH te;J vd;id $l;br; nrd;wpUf;fhJ tpl;lhy; ehd; jw;nfhiy
Ghpe;jpUg;Ngd;.... ’tpkhdg; gazr;rPl;il ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tiuf;FkhtJ me;j
tPl;by; njhlHe;Jk; Ntiy nra;AkhW `gPy; $wpdhH’ vdf;F tpiutpNyNa ,yq;if jpUk;g tpUk;gpdhYk;; mjw;fhd tha;g;G ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
ehd; mq;F ehd;F khjq;fs; Ntiy nra;Njd;. mjdhy; mtH vd;dplk; xU
khj rk;gsg; gzj;jpid ifapy; je;jJld; kpFjp %d;Wkhj rk;gsj;
njhifapy; (1200 wpahy;fs;> 320 m.nlhyHfs;) tpkhdg; gazj;jpw;fhd
mDkjpr;rPl;il thq;fpdhH.”330
328 v];. kNdhwQ;rdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 1> 2006.
329 gp. epky;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 4> 2006.
330 V. [aee;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>,yq;if etk;gH 10>
2006.
115
V. gaDWjpahd eptHj;jpfSf;F ghJfhg;G Kiwfspyhd
jtWjy;fSk; jilfSk;
ehq;fs; midtUk; tWikapdhy;> gzk; rk;ghjpf;fntd;Nw
ntspehL NghfpNwhk;. vtnuhUtH ntspehL NghdhYk; mtUf;F
czT kw;Wk; cilfs; toq;fg;gl;L> jw;nfhiy GhptjpypUe;J
fhf;fg;gl;L kw;Wk; ghypay; J\;gpuNahfq;fs;> njhy;iyfspypUe;J
ghJfhf;fg;gLtij murhq;fk; cWjp nra;a Ntz;Lnkd fl;Lf;
nfhs;fpNwd;. gpur;rpidf;F cs;shdtHfis fz;Lgpbj;J
murhq;fk; mtHfSf;F el;l<l;il toq;f Ntz;Lk;.331
—,. gukpjh> taJ 29> tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf Fitj;jpy; Kd;G
gzpahw;wpatH.
rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; murhq;fj;jpd; flg;ghL
Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfspd; J\;gpuNahf eilKiwfSf;F
KbT fl;Ltjpy; murhq;fj;jpw;F xU flg;ghLz;L. jdpegHfs; my;yJ
epWtdq;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; Kiwaw;w tpjj;jpy; elhj;Jjy; kw;Wk;
ghugl;rk; cs;slq;fyhd eltbf;iffSf;nfjpuhf jdpg;gl;ltHfsH
chpikfis ghJfhg;gjpy; kdpj chpikfs; rl;lk; murhq;fq;fs; kPJ
rhj;jpakhd flg;ghLfis tpjpf;fpd;wd. murhq;fq;fs; ,tw;iwj; jLg;gjw;F>
tprhuiz nra;J jz;bg;gjw;Fk; my;yJ jdpg;gl;l egHfs; my;yJ
epWtdq;fshy; jdpg;gl;ltHfsJ chpikfSf;F Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w
ghjpg;GfSf;F ,og;gPL nra;tjw;Fk; nghUj;jkhd Kiwfis
(rpy ,lq;fspy; ,J “mtrpakhd Cf;Ftpg;G” vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ) vLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. murhq;fq;fs; mt;tpjk; ghjpg;gile;jtHfSf;F gaDWjpkpf;f
epthuzq;fisAk; toq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.332
331 ,. gukpjhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ,wk;Ng> ,yq;if
etk;gH 5> 2006.
332 cjhuzk;: kdpj chpikfs; rig> nghJf;Fwpg;G 31 Ig; ghHf;fTk;. rkthaj;jpd; jug;gpduhd
muRfs; kPjhd nghJthd rl;lf; flg;ghLfspd; jd;ik> I.eh Mtzk; CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add 13(2004) , ge;jp 8> I.eh. nghJr;rig> ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd
td;Kiwfis ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd gpufldk;> I.eh nghJr;rig jPHkhdk;>
48/104(A/RES/48/104), cWg;Giu 4 (C) (“ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd
td;Kiwfis ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd xU nfhs;ifia nghUj;jkhd midj;J KiwfshYk;
jhkjkpd;wp muRfs; Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; ,jid Kbtpy; (C) jLg;gjw;F tprhhpg;gjw;F kw;Wk; cs;@H rl;lthf;fq;fSf;F mikthf ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiwfis
muR my;yJ jdpg;gl;ltHfshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jhYk; mr;nray;fis jz;bg;gjw;F
Njitahd Cf;fq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;).
116
,t;twpf;ifapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l rpy my;yJ midj;J muRfSNk Fbapay;
kw;Wk; murpay; chpikfs; kPjhd rkthak; (ICCPR)> nghUshjhu
r%f kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfs; kPjhd rkthak; (ICESER) >
ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd midj;J tifapyhd ghugl;rq;fis ,y;yhnjhopf;Fk;
rkthak; (CEDAW) > midj;J tifapyhd ,dg;
ghugl;rq;fis ,y;yhnjhopf;Fk; rHtNjr rkthak; kw;Wk; midj;Jg;
Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ FLk;g cWg;gpdHfis ghJfhf;Fk;
rkthak; (Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak;) vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpa
rk;ge;jg;gl;l kdpj chpikfs; njhlHghd cld;gbf;iffis Vw;W
rl;ltYtspj;Js;sd.
rHtNjr kdpj chpik rl;lq;fs; nfh^ukhd> kdpjj;jd;ikaw;w kw;Wk;
rpWikg;gLj;Jk; tpjkhf elhj;Jjy; Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J tpLgl;bUf;Fk; chpik
kw;Wk; xUthpd; ghJfhg;G vd;gtw;iw cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ.333
ngz;fSf;nfjuhd
td;Kiwfis ,y;yhnjhopf;Fk; gpufldj;jpy; If;fpa ehLfs; rig>
murhq;fq;fs;> ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiw nray;fis “jLg;gjw;F> tprhhpg;gjw;F kw;Wk; ,r;nray;fs; murhq;fq;fs; my;yJ jdpg;gl;l
egHfshy; ,iof;fg;gl;bUe;jhYk; cs;@H rl;lq;fSf;fikthf mr;nray;fis
jz;bg;gjw;Fkhd flg;ghl;bidf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;”334 vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
xU ehL njhlHe;Jk; ,jid epiwNtw;wj; jtWtJ rkj;Jtkpy;yhj kw;Wk;
ghugl;rkhd eltbf;ifahtJld; CEDAW rkthaj;jpd; fPo;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l flg;ghl;il kPWtjhfTk; mikfpwJ. ,e;j rkthaj;jpd; xU
jug;gpduhd rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd;> If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;
kw;Wk; ,yq;if vd;gd ngz;fSf;F rkdhd ghJfhg;gpid toq;Ftjhf
cj;juthjkspf;fpd;wd.335 ,yq;if xU jug;ghd Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH
rkthak;> “murjpfhhpfs; my;yJ jdpg;gl;l egHfs;> FOf;fs; my;yJ
epWtdq;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; td;Kiwfs;> cly;hPjpahd ghjpg;Gf;fs;>
mr;RWj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; kpul;ly;fs; vd;gtw;Wf;nfjpuhf muRfspdhyhd
gaDWjpkpf;f ghJfhg;gpidg; ngWtjw;fhd chpikia Gyk;ngaH
njhopyhsHfs; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH vdf; $Wfpd;wJ.”336
Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; ,yq;if vd;gd xUjug;ghd nghUshjhu< r%f
kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfs; kPjhd rHtNjr rkthak; (ICESER) >
333 ICCPR >
cWg;Giu 7 (rpj;jputij> nfh^uk; kdpjj;jd;ikaw;w my;yJ rpWikg;gLj;Jk;
elj;ijfspy; ,Ue;jhd tpLjiy).
334 ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiwfis ,y;yhnjhopg;gjpy; kPjhd I.eh gpufldk;> brk;gH 20>
1993. nghJr;rig jPHkhdk; 48/104,48UN GAOR Supp.(No.49) at 217, UN Doc A/48/49/(1993), cWg;Giu 4.
335 CEDAW
cWg;Giu 15@ ICCPR cWg;Giu 26> CEDAW rig nghJthd ghpe;Jiufs;
19>ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd td;Kiw ge;jp 6.
336 Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak;> cWg;Giu 16(1)- (2)
117
“xt;nthUtUk; epahakhd kw;Wk; rhjfkhd njhopy; epiyikfis
mDgtpg;gjw;fhd chpikia nfhz;Ls;sdnud” vd;gij mq;fPfhpf;fpd;wJ.337
mt;tpjkhd epiyikfs; “(m)midj;Jj; njhopyhsHfSf;Fk; Fiwe;jgl;r
Cjpaj;ij (i) rkdhd ngWkhdk; nfhz;l NtiyfSf;F ve;jtifapYk;
NtWghLfspd;wp Fwpg;ghf ngz;fs;> Mz;fs; mDgtpf;Fk; Ntiy
epiyikfSf;F Fiwthdjhf ,y;yhjpUg;gij cj;juthjg;gLj;JtJld;
rkdhd Ntiyf;F rkdhd rk;gsk; ngWfpd;w epiyahd Ntjdk; kw;Wk; rk
Cjpak;@ (ii) jw;nghOJs;s rkthaj;jpd; Vw;ghLfSf;fikthf mtHfs;
kw;Wk; mtHfsJ FLk;gj;jpw;F xU nfsutkhd tho;f;if@ (M)
ghJfhg;ghdJk;> MNuhf;fpakhdJkhd Ntiy epiyikfs;@ (,)
gjtpAaHTfSf;fhd rktha;g;Gf;fs;@ (<) ,isg;ghWjy;> Xa;T> Ntiy nra;Ak;
Neuq;fspy; epahakhd kl;Lg;gLj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk;
Ntjdj;Jldhd tpLKiwfs; kw;Wk; Ntjdj;Jldhd Njrpa tpLKiwfs;”338
njhopypy; gpuirfsy;yhjtHfs; njhlHghf> ,dhPjpahd
ghugl;rq;fis ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd nghJg; ghpe;Jiu ,y. 30 kPjhd
ghpe;Jiu> Ntiytha;g;Gf;fhd njhlHG xU jlit Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L gpd;dH mJ
KbtilAk;tiu> njhopy; mDkjpapy;yhjtHfSk; cs;slq;fpajhf midj;Jj;
jdpg;gl;ltHfSk; njhopy; kw;Wk; Ntiytha;g;Gf;fhd chpikia
mDgtpg;gjw;F chpj;Jilatnud $Wfpd;wJ.339
njhopyhsHfsJ chpikfspd; xt;nthU mk;rj;jpidg; gw;wpAk; cz;ikapy;
ftdk; nrYj;Jk; rkthaq;fspd; xU tphpthd njhFg;ig rHtNjr
njhopy; ];jhgdk; cUthf;fpAs;sJ. ,it ,yq;if kw;Wk; nygdhd; vd;gd
Vw;W rl;ltYg;gLj;jpa Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G kPjhd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd;
rktha ,y.95@ fl;lha Ntiy kPjhd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd;
rktha ,y.29@ kw;Wk; rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd;> If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; kw;Wk; ,yq;if vd;gd Vw;W rl;ltYg;gLj;jpa
Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; njhopy; njhlHghd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd;
rktha ,y.111 vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.340
337 ICESER cWg;Giu 7.
338 ICESER cWg;Giu 7> tof;fhw;Wr; rl;lq;fspd; gpujpgypg;ghf nghpJk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLk;
rHtNjr kdpj chpikfSf;fhd gpufldk;> epahakhd kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l NtiyNeuq;fs; kw;Wk;
rk;gsj;Jldhd fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; tpLKiwfSk; cs;slq;fpajhd ,isg;ghWjy; kw;Wk
Xa;tpw;Fk;> mNjNghd;W epahakhdJk;> mD$y Cjpak; kw;Wk; njhopy; rq;fq;fis
mikg;gjw;Fk; mtw;wpy; NrHtjw;Fkhd chpikfis nfhz;;Ls;sdH> cWg;Giufs; 23 kw;Wk;
24.
339 ,dhPjpahd ghugl;rq;fis ,y;yhnjhopg;gJ kPjhd I.eh FOtpdJ nghJg; ghpe;Jiu 30>
gpuirfs; my;yhNjhUf;F vjpuhd ghugl;rk;. (64tJ mkHT> 2004). UN Doc CERD/C/64/Mis.11/rev.3 (2004), http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/e3980a673769e229c1256f8d0057cd3d?Opendocument (accessed May 31, 2007), para. 35. 340 Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; njhopy; njhlHghd ghugl;rk; Fwpj;jhd rHtNjr
njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd rkthak; 111.
118
rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgd cWg;gpdHfshf rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd;>
If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; kw;Wk; ,yq;if vd;gtw;wpd; murhq;fq;fs;
rkthaq;fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;s chpikfs; ca;j;jDgtpg;gjw;fhd flg;ghl;bidf;
nfhz;Ls;sd.341 “Ntiy tha;g;G kw;Wk; njhopy;
ghugl;rj;ij ,y;yhnjhopg;gij”> rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdg; gpufldk; mjd;
mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk; njhopypyhd chpikfs; kPjhd gpufldj;jpy;
“mbg;gil chpikfspy;” xd;whf mq;fPfhpf;fpd;wJ. ,jid rHtNjr
njhopy; ];jhgd cWg;gpdHfs; rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; rkthaq;fspy;
nrhy;yg;gl;l chpikfis Vw;W rl;ltY mspf;fhtpl;lhYk; $l mtHfs;
midtUk; ,t;Thpikfis “kjpg;gjw;Fk;> Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; kw;Wk; ca;j;JzHtpg;gjw;fhd”> flg;ghl;bidf; nfhz;Ls;sdH.
342
,U jug;G njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fs;
ehLfSf;fpilapyhd njhopyhsH efHTfSf;F rHtNjr xj;Jiog;G Njit.
Kf;fpakhd tplaq;fspyhd ghJfhg;Gf;fs;> Kiwg;ghLfSf;fhd
tpidj;jpwdhd nghwpKiwia cUthf;Fjy; kw;Wk; tprhuiz eilKiwfs;
kw;Wk; J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F ,og;gPLfis toq;Fjy; vd;gtw;iw toq;ff;
$baJld; Vw;W mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;L gu];guk; eilKiwg; gLj;jf; $ba njhopy;
xg;ge;jq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F ,yq;if kw;Wk; njhopy; toq;Fk;
ehLfSf;fpilapy; xj;Jiog;G mtrpak;.
njhopy; toq;Fk; ehLfSld; ,U jug;gpw;Fk; rhjfkhd Ghpe;JzHT
cld;gbf;ifapy; ifnahg;gkpLtjw;fhd Ngr;RthHj;ijfspy;
<LgLtjw;F ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpw;F ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G
gzpafk; mOj;jk; nfhLj;jjhf mjd; mjpfhhpnahUtH tpsf;fpdhH. mtH
$Wifapy;> “,yq;ifapdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l Ntiy xg;ge;jq;fs;> njhopy;
toq;Fk; ehLfspdhy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLtjpy;iy. MfNt ,yq;ifapdhy;
cUthf;fg;gl;l Nrit xg;ge;jq;fs; rT+jp mNugpah Nghd;w ehLfshy; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sg;gLtjpy;iy. Nrit xg;ge;jq;fis cs;slf;fpapUf;Fk; Ghpe;JzHT
xg;;ge;jq;fNs vkf;Fj; Njit”>343 vd;whH. Gyk;ngaHNthH chpikfSf;fhd
murrhHgw;w ];jhgdkhd Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfSf;fhd nray;
341 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jghdj;jpd; gpufldk;> “rk;ge;jg;gl;l rkthaj;ij Vw;W rl;ltY
mspf;fhJ tpl;lhYk; $l midj;J cWg;gpdHfSk;> ];jhgdj;jpd; cWg;gpdHfs; vd;wnthU
fhuzj;jpdhy; vOfpd;w xU flg;ghl;bdhy; rkthaq;fspd; nghUshd mbg;gil chpikfs;
njhlHghd Nfhl;ghl;bw;F mikthf NeHikahd Nehf;NfhL Nkk;gLj;jTk;> ca;j;JzHtpj;jYk;
Ntz;Lk;”> rHtNjr njhopyhsH kfhehL> rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgd gpufldk;> ge;jp 2.
342 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgd gpufldk; ge;jp 2.
343 vy;.Nf. W`_DNf (,.nt.Nt.g) cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 30> 2006.
119
tiyaikg;gpd; (ACTFORM) gzpg;ghsH kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $Wifapy;> “,U jug;G xg;ge;jq;fs;> murhq;fj;jpw;F
murhq;fnkDk; xg;ge;jq;fs; mtrpakhdit. KftHfSf;fpilapy; ehk;
gy;jug;G xg;ge;jq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. jw;NghJs;s gy;jug;G xg;ge;jq;fs;
Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;bYs;s KftHfs;> ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G
gzpafk; kw;Wk; gzpahsHfSf;fpilapyhdit. Mdhy; mit Mq;fpyk;
my;yJ muG nkhopapy; kl;LNk cs;sJ@ gzpahsHfSf;F mJ GhpahJ.....
ve;j xg;ge;jq;fis mtHfs; ,q;F nfhz;bUe;jhYk;> Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehl;by;
mtw;iw mKy;gLj;Jtnjd;gJ eilKiwapy; ,y;yhjjhf cs;sJ.
Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfs; ,e;j xg;ge;jq;fis mKy; gLj;Jtjpy;iy.....
murhq;fq;fSf;fpilapyhd xg;ge;jq;fs; Njit Vnddpy; gy; jug;G
xg;ge;jq;fs; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy” vd;whH.344
If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; gzpahsHfis mDg;Gk; ehLfSldhd ,Ujug;G
xg;ge;jq;fisg; gpd;gw;wpajhf cUthf;fg;gl;lhyd;wp gzpahsHfs; kw;Wk;
Ml;NrHg;G KftHfSf;fpilapy; ,yq;ifapy; ifnaOj;jplg;gLk; Ntiy
xg;ge;jq;fs; gpizf;Fk; jd;ikaw;wit.345 2007 Nk 27 md;W> If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; njhopy; mikr;R ,yq;ifAld; xU Ghpe;JzHT
xg;ge;jj;ij ifr;rhj;jpl;L> If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; gzpGhpAk; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfSf;F xU ,Ujug;G xg;ge;jj;jpw;fhd #o;epiyia cUthf;fpaJ.
Ghpe;JzHT xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,U ehLfSk; ifr;rhj;jpLtjw;F Kd;dH Ml;NrHg;G
KftHfs; ,yq;ifg; gzpahsHfSf;F If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; rl;lg;
gpizg;gpidf; nfhz;bUf;fhj ngaustpy; nry;YgbahFk; xg;ge;jq;fisNa
toq;fpd. nygdhd; kw;Wk; ,yq;iff;fpilapyhd Ghpe;JzHT
xg;ge;jk; ,t;twpf;if vOjg;gLk; tiuapy; ifr;rhj;jplg;glhkYs;sJ.346
MapDk; Gjpa Ghpe;JzHT xg;ge;jj;;;jpd; cs;slf;fq;fs; gfpuq;fkhf
njhpahjjpdhy; mJ Kf;fpakhd ghJfhg;Gf;fis toq;Fkh my;yJ jw;nghOJ
eilKiwapYs;s NghJkhdjw;w Kiwikfis rl;lkag;gLj;Jkh vd;gJ
njsptw;wjhf cs;sJ.
,U jug;G xg;ge;jq;fs; juhjuq;fis ];jhgpg;gjw;F
gaDs;sitahf ,Ue;jhYk; mit mNefk; gytPdkhd ghJfhg;igAk; kw;Wk;
mKy;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; ,og;gPl;bw;F Fiwthd nghwpKiwfisNa toq;Ffpd;wd.
mjpfhpj;j vz;zpf;ifapyhd ehLfs; jw;NghJ ntspehl;Lf;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsH
344 tNahyh ngnuuhTldhd (ACTFORM) kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 2> 2006.
345 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> Gyk;ngaHe;j ngz; njhopyhsHfsJ ghugl;rk;> Ruz;ly; kw;Wk;
J\;gpuNahfq;fisj; jLj;jy;: xU jfty; topfhl;b> Gj;jfk; 3: ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gf;fhd
Ml;NrHg;Gk; gazKk; (n[dPth:rHtNjr njhopy; ];jghdk; 2003) gf;fk; 34.
346 vy;.Nf. W`_DNf (,.nt.Nt.g) cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
gpwry;];> ngy;[pak;> A+iy 11> 2007.
120
njhopiy Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F Ml;fis mDg;GtjpdhYk; kw;Wk; Vida
tifj; njhopyhsHfSf;F njhopy; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk; ghJfhg;G tPl;Lg;
gzpGhpAk; njhopyhsHfSf;F Njitahdjy;y vd;fpd;w Ntiy toq;Fk;
ehLfspd; ek;gpf;ifAld; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfsJ chpikfis NghJkhd
tifapy; ghJfhf;Fk; xg;ge;jq;fis Ntiy toq;Fk; ehLfspypUe;J ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tjpy; ,yq;if gytPdkhdnjhU epiyapNyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,U
jug;G xg;ge;jq;fs; NghJkhd ghJfhg;gpid toq;Ffpd;w NghjpYk; mtw;iw
mKy;gLj;JtjpYs;s rpukq;fs; xg;ge;jq;fspy; <LgLk; muRfs; cs;@H
rl;lq;fspy; kWrPuhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjd; mtrpaj;ijr; Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F Fiwe;j ghJfhg;G toq;fy;fSf;F cld;gl;L
gzpahsHfis mDg;Gk; ehLfs; xd;Wlndhd;W Nghl;bapLtij jtpHg;gjw;F
gzpahsHfis mDg;Gk; ehLfs; rHtNjr rl;lj;jpw;fikthf Fiwe;jgl;r
juhjuq;fSf;fhtJ ,zq;Fk; gpuhe;jpa xg;ge;jq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F
Kaw;rpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; gjpypWg;G
gzpahsHfis mDg;Gk; ehlhf ,yq;if Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ
chpikfis ghJfhj;jy; kw;Wk; mKy;gLj;Jtjpy; rHtNjr rl;lj;jpd; fPohd
mjd; flg;ghl;bw;fika gy Kf;fpakhd eltbf;iffis vLj;Js;sJ.
vt;thwhapDk;> mJ Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak; kw;Wk; Vida rHtNjr
cld;gbf;iffspd; XH jug;ghf mjd; rl;lf; flg;ghLfspy; mJ njhlHe;Jk; xU
gpd;dpiyapNyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.347
Kf;fpakhd gFjpfspyhd
rPHjpUj;jq;fs; ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ jiytpjpia khw;wp Gyk;
ngaHjypy; mtHfsJ ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; nfsutj;jpw;F $Ljy;
cj;juthjj;jpid toq;Fk;.
347 njhopyhsHfis mDg;Gk; ehLfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gf;fis Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfSf;fhd
rkthak; cWg;Giufs; 33 kw;Wk; 65 ,y; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;j Vw;ghLfspd; fPo; Gyk;ngaH
njhopyhsHfs; jq;fis mDg;Gk; muRfspdhy; rkthaj;jpd; fPo; mtHfSf;fhd chpikfs;
kw;Wk; Ntiy toq;Fk; ehl;bw;fhd Gyk;ngaH eilKiwfs; gw;wpAk;> Gyk;ngaHjy;
njhlHghd nfhs;iffspd; cUthf;fk; kw;Wk; mKy;gLj;jy;fSf;F muRfs; nghWg;ghdit@
jfty;fs; ghpkhw;wk;> MNyhrid kw;Wk; jFjp tha;e;j mjpfhhpfs; my;yJ kw;iwa
muRfSldhd MNyhridfs;@ kw;Wk; nghUj;jkhd jfty; fSf;fhd Vw;ghLfs;> Fwpg;ghf
Ntiynfhs;NthH> njhopyshHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ ];jhgdk;> nfhs;iffs;> rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk;
Gyk;ngaHjy;> Ntiytha;g;Gj; njhlHghd fl;Lg;ghLfs; gw;wpAk; mwpaj; jug;gLtjw;fhd
chpikiaf; nfhz;;Ls;sdH. njhopyhsHfis mDg;Gk; ehLfs; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsH fspd;
chpikfis> mtHfis Gyk;ngaHtjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; kw;Wk; rl;lKiwfs; gw;wpa fty;fis
toq;Fjy;> ntspehLfspYs;s Gyk;ngaHe;NjhUf;fhd ntspehl;Lr; Nritfis toq;Fjy;
kw;Wk; mghafukhd flj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; Ml;flj;jy; eilKiwfis fz;fhzpj;J
fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ghJfhf;f KbAk;. Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; rkthak;: 1(2)> 33> 65.
121
Gwg;gLjYf;F Kd;dhd ghJfhg;G KiwfspYs;s jtWjy;fs;
njhopy; Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ Jiz KftHfspd;
mDkjp kw;Wk; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
,yq;ifapy; njhopYf;F Ml;NrHf;Fk; Jiw $Ljy; fz;bg;Gldhd
fz;fhzpj;jy; kw;Wk; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;fspd; Njitfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. njhopy;
KftHfSf;F xU xOq;F gLj;Jk; Kiwnahd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;F ,yq;if
murhq;fk; Kf;fpakhd eltbf;iffis vLj;Js;s epiyapy; mq;F ,d;Dk;
ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba ,ilntspfs; fhzg;gLtJld; eilKiwapYs;s
fl;Lg;ghLfSk; NghjpasT mKy;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy.
njhopypw;F Ml;NrHf;Fk; KftHfs; Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; gzpahsHfsplkpUe;J
Neubahf fl;lzq;fis mwtpLtij jil nra;tjw;Fk;> njhopy; KftHfs;
jq;fsJ tpahghu eltbf;iffis “Fiw$wtpayhj xU ed;ndwpahd
Kiwapy;” Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fkhf ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G
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Ntz;LfpwJ.348 ,yq;ifapy; njhopw;gLk; 580 ,w;Fk; mjpfkhd mDkjp ngw;w
Ml;NrHg;G KftHfspd; nraw;ghLfis fz;fhzpj;J fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;
nghWg;GfSld; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; Ml;NrHg;G
KftHfspd; eltbf;iffis tprhhpg;gjw;F> njhopy; toq;fy; njhlHghd
mtHfsJ Mtzq;fisg; ghpNrhjpg;gjw;F kw;Wk; xU Gyk;ngaH gzpahsuJ
njhopy; epge;jidfSf;F Ntiy nfhs;Sk; xUtH ,zq;Ftij
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd eilKiwfis KftnuhUtH Nkw;nfhs;sj; jtWk;
gl;rj;jpy; KftHfs; gzpahsHfSf;fhd el;l<l;il toq;Fk;gb
Ntz;Ltjw;Fkhd mjpfhuj;jpidAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.349
,yq;if ntspehl;L
Ntiy tha;g;G gzpafk; Ml;NrHg;G KftHfspd; mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fis ,uj;Jr;
nra;Ak; mjpfhuj;jpidAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;j ,uj;Jr; nra;jy; KftHfs;
Nkw;nfhz;L Ml;NrHg;G eltbf;iffspy; <Lglhj tifapy; Kftiu
fWg;Gg;gl;baypy; ,litf;Fk; jd;ik nfhz;lJ.350
fWg;G gl;bay; njhopy;
KftH vr;rhpf;fg;gl;l gpd; Fwpg;gpl;l ntspehl;L njhopy; KftHfspd;
Ntiyf;fhd Ntz;LNfhs;fis mDkjpf;f Ntz;lhnkd ,yq;if ntspehl;L
mYtyfq;fis mwpTWj;Jk; jd;ikAk; nfhz;ljhf mikAk;.351
348 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; rl;ltpyf;fk; 21> 1985> gphpTfs; 28(1> 31>34)
349
349 W`_DNf> “,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaHjy; Ml;Nrh;j;jy; eltbf;ifapd; epWtd hPjpahd
fz;fhzpj;jy;” Kuptsch, ed., Merchants of Labour, gf;fk;: 57> 58@ ,.nt.Nt.g
rl;ltpyf;fk; 21> 1985 gphpT 44.
350 vy;.Nf. W`_DNf> (,.nt.Nt.g) cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
nfhOk;G ,yq;if> etk;gH 16> 2006.
351 RNkjh Vf;fehaf;fTldhd (ntsptptfhu mikr;R) kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 16> 2006.
122
,it gaDs;s Muk;g eltbf;iffshFk;@ vt;thwhapDk; njhopy;
KftHfis ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; fpukkhf my;yJ
jPtpukhff; fz;fhzpj;J ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf
rl;ltpjpfis kPWk; njhopy; KftHfis ,dk; fz;L jz;bg;gJ
mhpjhfNtAs;sJ. 2005 ,y;> mDkjpngw;w 582 Ml;NrHg;G KftHfspy; jdpNa
ehd;fpdJ mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fis kl;Lk; mJ ,uj;Jr; nra;jJ@ ,e;j vz;zpf;if
mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;ij GJg;gpf;fj; jtwpajd; fhuzkhf ,uj;Jr; nra;ag;gl;l
mDkjpfisAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.352 Njitahd Nkyjpfkhd eilKiwfs;>
jpBH ghpNrhjidfs;> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Kiwg;ghLfis
Nkw;nfhs;s ,aYkhd Kiwfs;> njhopy; KftHfs; Fwpg;gpl;l xU juhjuj;ij
milAk; tifapyhd juepHzankhd;iw mq;fPfhpg;gjw;fhd xU nghwpKiw
kw;Wk; tpahghuj;ij ed;ndwpfSf;fikthf Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;fhd
rhd;Wg; gjpTfs; kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;
Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzkhf Nfhug;gl;l gzf;nfhLg;gdTfis fz;fhzpj;jy;
vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpapUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. jdpahH Ml;NrHg;G KftHfis
fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd epWtdkag;gLj;jg;gl;l xU nghwpKiwNa ,yq;if
ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk;> MapDk; mjd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; ntspehl;l
Ntiytha;g;G KftHfspd; tsHr;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; cjTjy; kw;Wk;
Mjutspj;jy; vd;gtw;iwAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sd.353 ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G
KftHfspd; tsHr;rpf;F Mjutspf;Fk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G
gzpaj;jpd; ,e;j Miz> ,j;njhopy; Jiwapy; fl;Lg;ghl;lhsuhf mjd;
ghj;jpuj;Jld; Kuz;gl;ljhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
kWrPuhf;fj;jpw;Fhpa kw;WnkhU Kf;fpakhd gFjp Jiz KftHfs; kPjhd
$Ljy; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; fz;fhzpj;jy; MFk;. murhq;fk;> Jiz
KftHfsJ elj;ijfs; gw;wp fLikahd fl;Lg;ghLfis mKy;gLj;Jjy;
kw;Wk; kPwy;fSf;nfjpuhf Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mguhjq;fisAk; mwptpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
mDkjp ngw;w KftHfs; jw;NghJ Jiz KftHfis gzpf;fkHj;jp
flikfis mtHfsplk; ifaspf;fpd;wdH> Mdhy; mtHfs; gzpf;fkHj;Jk;
Jiz KftHfsJ rl;ltpNuhj eltbf;iffSf;F ve;jtpj nghWg;igAk; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;tjpy;iy. mDkjp ngw;w KftHfs; mjpfstpy; Jiz KftHfSld; xU
njhlHr;rpahd ml;ltizg;gb gzpahw;WtJld; mtHfSf;fhd
juFf;$ypiaAk; toq;F fpd;wgbahy; mDkjp ngw;w KftHfs; jq;fs; Jiz
KftHfis gjpT nra;J mjd; %yk; mDkjpaspj;J> fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; xU
Kiwik mKy;gLj;Jtjw;F rhj;jpakhdJ. Gyk; ngaHe;NjhH
352 ,yq;if ntsehl;L Ntiy tha;g;G gzpafk;> ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gfspd; tUlhe;j
Gs;sp tpgu mwpf;if 2005> g.65
353 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; rl;l ,y.21> 1985> gphpTfs; 15(a) – 15(d);
W`_DNf> “,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaHjy; Ml;Nrh;j;jy; eltbf;ifapd; epWtd hPjpahd
fz;fhzpj;jy;” Labour, gf;fk;: 57> 58@ ,.nt.Nt.g rl;ltpyf;fk; 21> 1985 gphpT 44. Kuptsch, ed., Merchants of Labour pp.55-56
123
chpikfSf;fhd gy murrhHgw;w ];jhgdq;fs; kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;Jf;F $Wifapy;> jhk; ,yq;if murhq;fj;jplk;
mt;tpjkhdNjhH gjpT nra;J fz;fhzpf;Fk; Kiwia mKy;gLj;j
Ntz;bajhf Fwpg;gpl;ldH. Gyk; ngaHe;NjhH chpikfs; mikg;nghd;wpd;
jiytH> “ehq;fs;> murhq;fj;jplk; rl;lj;ij khw;Wk;gb $WfpNwhk;> ,jd;
%yk; mDkjp ngw;w KftHfs; Jiz KftHfis jq;fs; nghWg;gpd; fPo;
vLj;Jf; nfhs;tH. vq;fSf;F ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf rl;lj;jpy;
jpUj;jq;fs; Njit> Jiz KftHfs; kPjhd njhopy; KftHfspd; nghWg;G
mjpfhpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;whH.”354
Jiz KftHfsJ rl;ltpNuhj Ml;NrHg;G eltbf;iffis fl;Lg;gLj;j>
fz;fhzpf;f my;yJ jz;bg;gjw;F ,yq;if murhq;fk; njhlHe;Jk;
jtWfpd;wJ vd;gJld; xU mjpfhhp $Wifapy;> Jiz KftHfSf;F
mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; mspg;gjw;Nfh my;yJ mtHfsJ eltbf;iffSf;F
mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;l njhopy; KftHfis nghWg;Gf; $w itg;gjw;F
murhq;fj;jplk; jpl;lk; vJTkpy;iy vd;whH. ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G
gzpafj;jpd; xU mjpfhhp kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $Wifapy;>
“Jiz KftHfis gjpT nra;tjw;F ,g;nghOJ jpl;lnkJTk;
vk;kplkpy;iy........... mtHfs; ,e;jj; Jiwapy; Kf;fpakhd nraw;ghl;lhsHfs;
vd;gij ehk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mtHfs; xU jpl;lkw;w tifapy;
nraw;gLfpd;wdH. mtHfsJ nraw;ghLfs; xU ,lj;jpw;F kl;Lk;
chpajhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ehq;fs; mtHfSf;F $Ljy; mq;fPfhuk; toq;fpdhy;
mJ $Ljyhd gpur;rpidfis cUthf;Fk;”.355
gapw;rp
Gyk;ngaUk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;duhd fl;lhag;
gapw;rpj; jpl;lj;jpid ,yq;if murhq;fk; mwpKfg;gLj;jpaikahdJ rhpahd
jpirNehf;fp vLf;fg;gl;l eltbf;ifahFk;. vt;thwhapDk; murhq;fk; ftdj;jpy;
nfhs;s Ntz;ba Fwpg;gplj;jf;f FiwghLfs; jw;Nghija jpl;lj;jpy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd: jw;Nghija gapw;rp tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ chpikfs; gw;wp
Nghjpastw;w my;yJ jtwhd jfty;fis toq;Ffpd;wJ vd;gJld; mNugpa
nkhopg; gapw;rpfSk; NghJkhditay;y. ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G
gzpafj;jpd; fl;lha gapw;rpapd;NghJ kj;jpa fpof;fpw;fhd gzpahsHfSf;F
mtHfsJ chpikfs; gw;wp gapw;WdHfs; toq;Fk; xNunahU jfty; mtHfs;
Ntiyj;jyq;fspypUe;J ,yq;if J}jufj;jpw;F jg;gp Xlf;$lhJ
vd;fpd;w mwpTiu kl;Lk;jhndd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhptpj;jdH.
354 Gyk;ngaHe;NjhH chpikfs; mikg;gpd; jiytUldhd kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jjpd; NeHfhzy;. nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 30> 2006.
355 vy;.Nf. W`_DNf (,.nt.Nt.g) cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>
nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 16> 2006.
124
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toq;fpduhapDk; Nkw;nfhz;L MNyhridfs; vjidAk; njhptpf;ftpy;iy.
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspy; gyUf;F jq;fsJ chpikfs; gw;wp jtwhd jfty;fNs
njhptpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. NeHfhzg;gl;l rpy gzpahsHfs; xg;ge;j fhyk;
Kbtiltjw;F Kd;ghfNt J\;gpuNahfq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J tpyfpr; nry;y KbAnkd;gJ gw;wp mwpahjpUe;jdH.
rpwe;j Ntiy epge;jidfSf;fhf NgRtjw;Fk;> xg;ge;jj;jpy; cWjpaspf;fg;gl;l
Ntjdq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; kw;Wk; nkhj;jj;jpy; jq;fsJ chpikfis
NkYk; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F mNugpa nkhopapy; Nkyjpf gapw;rp
mtrpankd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F
njhptpj;jdH.
12 ehs; gapw;rp newp> Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsh;fSf;F mbg;gil
muGnkhop> tPl;L cgfuzq;fis vt;tpjk; ifahs;tJ kw;Wk; mth;fs;
gzpf;fkh;j;jg;gLk; kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspd; rk;gpujhaq;fs; gw;wp
fw;gpf;fpwJ. ,q;F> gapw;Wdh; ,yq;if ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyfj;jpd;
njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; tpkhd gazr;rPl;L gw;wp
tpsf;fkspf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. ©2007 J\;ae;jp fdfrghgjpg;gps;is/kdpj
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,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; fl;lha gapw;rp Gyk;ngaH
ngz; gzpahsHfSf;F kl;LNkahdjhFk;. gapw;rp epiyaq;fs; 34 ,Ue;j
NghjpYk; ,jpy; 11 epiyaq;fs; mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; ngw;w KftHfshy;
epHtfpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,it ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd;
NghjdhrphpaHfisNa gad;gLj;JtJld; xNu ghlnewpiaNa gpd;gw;Wfpd;wd.
125
kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F gazpf;Fk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd ,e;j 12 ehs; gapw;rp
Kjy; jlitahf kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F nry;Yk; ngz; gzpahsHfSf;F kl;LNk
fl;lhakhdJ. ,jd; vl;L myFfs;> mNugpa nkhopapd; mbg;gil> tPl;L
cgfuzq;fis ifahSjy;> Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;bd; ghuk;ghpaq;fs; kw;Wk;
rk;gpujhaq;fs; kw;Wk; vr;.I.tp njhw;Wf;fspypUe;J vt;tpjk; jq;fis
ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tJ vd;gJ gw;wpa MNyhrid kw;Wk; “$UzHT nfhz;l
r%f tplaq;fis vt;tpjk; kdjstpy; khw;wpaikj;Jf; nfhs;tJ” vd;gtw;iw
cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.356 gapw;rpapd; ,Wjp ehs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ
fztd;khHfSf;F (jhuq;fSf;F) mtHfs; FLk;gj;jpy; tfpf;Fk; ghj;jpuj;jpyhd
khw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ kidtpfs; ntspehl;by; vjpHnfhs;sf; $ba
gpur;rpidfspd; rhj;jpaq;fs; vd;gij cs;slf;FfpwJ.357
,e;j 12 ehs;
gapw;rpapy; jdpNa %d;W my;yJ ehd;F kzpj;jpahyq;fs; tiuANk tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfsJ chpikfs; gw;wp Nghjpg;gjw;F xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.358 ,yq;if
ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; cj;jpNahfj;jH xUthpd; $w;Wg;gb>
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ chpikfs; gw;wpa Nghjdh tpsf;fk;> “tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; ghypay; J\;gpuNahfk; my;yJ njhy;iyfis vjpHnfhs;s
Nehpl;lhy; “vt;tpjk; jk;ikf; fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhs;tJ” vd;gJ gw;wpAk; kw;Wk; J}jufj;jpd; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fj;ijAk; cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ.
359
xt;nthU tUlKk; RkhH 100 tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F rl;l cjtp toq;fp
tUk; rl;l cjtp kd;wj;jpd; rl;lj;juzpfs; Gyk;ngaUk; njhopyhsHfSf;F
xU tpopg;GzHT epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;ij elhj;jp tUtJld; 2006 ,d;
Muk;gj;jpypUe;J ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G
gzpafj;jpd; gapw;rp newpfspy; gq;Fgw;w Muk;gpj;jJld; gapw;rpj; jpl;lk; gw;wpAk;
tpkHrpj;jdH. xU rl;lj;juzp $Wifapy;> “rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgd rkthak;
kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak; vd;gtw;wpd; fPo; tPl;Lg; gzpahsH
chpikfs; gw;wp NghJkhd gpur;rhuq;fs; ,yq;ifapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy”> vd;whH.
360 ,yq;ifg; ngz;fis kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fshf
Ml;NrHf;Fk; mDgtk; nfhz;l xU njhopy; KftH $Wifapy;> ‘,e;jg;
356 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaj;jpd; gapw;rpg; gphpT cj;jpNahfj;jUldhd kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> etk;gH 16> 2006.
357 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; \puhe;jp Vf;fehaf;fTldhd kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> etk;gH 16> 2006.
358 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; vy;. Nf. W`_DNfAldhd kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> etk;gH 16> 2006.
359 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; \puhe;jp Vf;fehaf;fTldhd kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> etk;gH 16> 2006.
360 v];.v]; tpN[ul;d(rl;l cjtp kd;wk;) cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 17> 2006.
126
gapw;rpj; jpl;lk; gadw;wJ vd ehd; epidf;fpNwd;......murhq;fk; nra;a
Ntz;baJ vd;dntdpy; gpur;rpidfis vt;tpjk; vjpHnfhs;tJ vd;gJ
gw;wp ,g;ngz;fSf;f mwpT+l;LtNj..... tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fshf mq;F
NghFk; ,tHfs; vOj> thrpf;f mwpe;jpUg;gJld;> njhiyNgrpapy; Ml;fis
vt;tpjk; njhlHG nfhs;s Ntz;baJ gw;wpAk; njhpe;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mtuJ
Ml;fspd; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fSk; mq;Fs;s Ntiy nfhs;NthuJ
njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fSk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;”> vd;whH.361
Fitj; ehl;by; gzpGhpe;j xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH gapw;rpapd;NghJ chpikfs;
gw;wpa gFjp gw;wp njhptpf;ifapy;> “ gapw;rpapd;NghJ gpur;rpidfs; vtw;wpw;Fk;
ehq;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;f Nehpl;lhy;> mq;Nf ,yq;ifj; J}jufk; cs;sJ> ePq;fs;
KfthplkpUe;J cjtpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. ,t;tsTNk vq;fSf;F
$wg;gl;lJ. Kfthpd; Kfthp kw;Wk; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fj;ij vq;fSf;F
toq;fpdhHfs;. gpd; ehk; mq;F nrd;wJk; ,yq;if J}juf
njhiyNgrp ,yf;fj;ij toq;fpdhHfs;”> vd;whH.362 Lgha; kw;Wk; nygdhd; ehLfSf;F Gyk;ngaHe;j kw;nwhU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH $Wifapy;> “ehd; gapw;rp ngw;Nw ,q;F te;Js;Nsd;. gapw;rpapy; chpikfs; gw;wp rpwpJ
nrhy;yg;gl;lJ. ,yq;ifj; J}jufk; my;yJ Kftiu miof;Fk;gb vq;fSf;F
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njhiyNgrp ,yf;fNk ,Ue;jJ. ehd; Kftiu mioj;j nghOJk; mtH cjtp
nra;atpy;iy. Mdhy; vdf;f ,yq;ifj; J}jufk; kw;Wk; KftH gw;wpNa
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gzpahw;Wifapy;> gzpahw;wpa ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; njhiyNgrp miog;ig
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F ehd; mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy.”> vd;whH.363 nfhOk;G
gy;fiyf;fofk; kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaHNthH Nritfs; epiyak; vd;gd ,ize;J
xf;NlhgH 2002 ,y; elhj;jpa kjpg;gha;tpy; 400 FLk;gq;fspd; kPs;jpUk;gpa
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ma;tpy; 12 rj tPj khdtHfs;
kl;LNk Kjy; jlit Ntiyf;fhf ntspehL nry;ifapy; jq;fs; chpikfs;
gw;wp mwpe;jpUe;jjhf $wpdH.364
361 Xa;Tngw;w njhopy; KftH (ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) cldhd kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006.
362 lgps;A+. NrhkhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 4> 2006.
363 vr;. re;jphpf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. FUehfy;> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 14> 2006
364 fyhepjp V.N[. tPuKz;lh> nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;fofk;> r%ftpay; gphpT> Gyk;ngaHNthH
Nrit epiyak;: Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rq;fk; rPJit/fk;g`h> fSj;Jiw kw;Wk; Nffhiy
kjpg;gha;T KbTfs;> fk;g`h> fSj;Jiw kw;Wk; Nffhiy khtl;lq;fspy; gq;Fgw;wy;
nraw;ghl;L Muha;r;rp. (nfhOk;G> Gyk;ngaHNthH Nrit epiyak;> 2002)> g.2
127
gapw;rpapy; nkhop gw;wpa ghl tpsf;fk; mjpfhpf;fg;gl Ntz;LnkdTk;> tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;Jf;F njhptpj;jdH. kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfz;l rkak;> Lghapy; gzpGhpe;J gpd;dH
irg;gpu]py; gzpGhptjw;fhf ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf
gapw;rpia ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;j xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH njhptpf;ifapy;> “,e;j gapw;rpia mgptpUj;jp nra;a Ntz;Lnkd ehd; epidf;fpNwd;. gapw;rp
nkhopawpit tpUj;jp nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; gpur;rpidfs; mq;Fjhd;
Muk;gkhfpd;wJ vd ehd; vz;ZfpNwd;”> vd;whH.365
jw;NghJ ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf gapw;rpj; jpl;lk; mDgtk;
nfhz;l tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis gapw;WdHfshf cj;jpNahfG+Htkhf
gzpf;fkHj;Jtjpy;iy. ,jw;Fg; gjpyhf gapw;WdHfs; Rfhjhuk;> tq;fpj;Jiw
kw;Wk; nkhopj;JiwfspypUe;J ngwg;gLfpd;wdH. ,yq;if ntspehl;L
Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; xU ghPl;rhHj;jkhd Kd;Ndhbj;
jpl;lnkhd;wpy; Ie;J tUlq;fSf;F Nky; ntspehl;by; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf
gzpGhpe;j rpyiu gapw;WdHfshf NrHj;J mtHfspd; nraw;ghLfis kjpg;gPL
nra;fpwJ.366
Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak;> “Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ
FLk;gj;jtHfs; mtHfs; nrhe;j ehl;L murhy;> Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehl;bd;
murhy; my;yJ re;jHg;gj;Jf;F Vw;wtifapy; ,ilj;jq;Fk; ehl;bd; murhy;
jw;Nghija rkthaj;jpdhy; vOfpd;w mtHfsJ chpikfs; gw;wp mwpTWj;jg;gl
Ntz;ba chpikiaf; nfhz;Ls;sdH.”367 vdj; njhptpf;fpd;wJ. NkYk; mJ>
“nrhy;yg;gl;l jfty;fis gug;Giu nra;tjw;Fk; my;yJ mit
Ntiynfhs;NthH> njhopw; rq;fq;fs; my;yJ Vida nghUj;jkhd mikg;Gfs;
my;yJ epWtdq;fshy; toq;fg;gLtij cWjp nra;tjw;F muR jug;Gf;fs;
mtHfs; nghUj;jkhdjhf fUJk; midj;J KiwfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;”> vdTk; njhptpf;fpwJ.368 If;fpa ehLfs; nghJr;rigapd;
jPHkhdnkhd;Wk; ,Nj tpjkhf> “rk;ge;jg;gl;l murhq;fq;fis Fwpg;ghf
gzpahsHfspd; nrhe;j ehLfs; kw;Wk; nry;Yk; ehLfs; vd;gd jLg;G
eltbf;iffis tYg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;jpw;fhd MjuT kw;Wk;
nghUj;jkhd tsq;fis xJf;fpAk; Fwpg;ghf ,yf;fhf nfhs;sg;gl;l
FOf;fSf;fhd jfty;fis toq;fTk;> mwpT+l;Ljy; kw;Wk; ,e;j tplak;
njhlHghd tpopg;GzHit mjpfhpg;gjw;F gpur;rhuq;fis Njrpa kw;Wk; fpuhkpa
365 gp. rtpe;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. FUehfy;> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 4> 2006.
366 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaj;jpd; gapw;rpg; gphpT cj;jpNahfj;jUldhd kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> etk;gH 16> 2006.
367 Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak;> cWg;Giu 33(1) (a)
368 Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak;> cWg;Giu 33(2)
128
kl;lq;fspy; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd xj;Jiog;Gf;fis mur rhHgw;w ];jhgdq;fspd;
cjtpfSld; Nkw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd Ntz;LfpwJ.”369 If;fpa ehLfs;
nghJr;rigAk; mjd; cWg;G ehLfs;> “Gyk;ngaUk; ngz; njhopyhsHfSf;F
mtHfsJ chpikfs; gw;wpAk; mtHfSf;F chpj;jhd ed;ikfs; gw;wpAk;
mwpTWj;Jtjw;fhd eltbf;iffis” gpd;gw;Wtij Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ.370
cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l Gyk;ngaHjy; jil
,yq;ifapd; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ FLk;gq;fspd; eyd;fs;
gw;wpa fhprdq;fspw;fhd xU jtwhf newpg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujpgypg;ghf ,sk;
rpwhHfisf; nfhz;l jha;khHfs; Gyk;ngaHtjw;fhd jilia ,yq;if
murhq;fk; Kd;nkhope;jJ. rpWtH mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; ngz;fs; tYthf;f
mikr;ruhy; Ie;J taJf;Ff; Fiwe;j gps;isfisf; nfhz;l ngz;fs;
Gyk;ngaHtij jil nra;Ak; xU rl;l%yk; rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;L mJ ,yq;if
mikr;ruitahy; khHr; 7> 2007 md;W Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,e;jf; fl;Lg;ghL
Ie;Jk; mjw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l taijAila Foe;ijfisf; nfhz;l jha;khHfs;
jq;fsJ gps;isfSf;F nghUj;jkhd ghJfhtyHfis toq;f KbAk;
vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fis toq;fp murhq;f rignahd;wplkpUe;jhd mDkjpia
Gyk;ngaHtjw;F Kd; ngwy; Ntz;LnkDk; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l Gyk;ngaHjy; jilf;F> ntspehl;by; jq;fs;
jha;khHfSld; ,ize;J nfhs;s Kbahj rpWtHfs; kPJ jha;khHfspd;
Gyk;ngaHjyhy; Vw;gLfpd;w r%fj; jhf;fq;fs; gw;wpa fhprdNk
fhuznkd ,yq;if murhq;fk; epahak; fw;gpj;jJ. khHr; 8> 2007 ,y;
ntspaplg;gl;l Clf mwpf;ifapy;> “Gyk;ngaHfpd;w ngz;fspd; Foe;ijfs;
mdhjuthd epiyapy; Mgj;JfSf;F cl;glf;$ba epiyapYk; kw;Wk; Nghjpa
Ngh\hf;F kw;Wk; Rfhjhuf; ftdpg;gpd;wpf; fhzg;gLfpd;wdH”> vd;gjd; mbg;gilapy; ,e;jf; nfhs;ifia epahag;gLj;jpaJ.”371
,yq;if Gyk;ngaHNthH chpikfSf;fhd mikg;Gfs; ,e;j cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l
jilia vjpHj;jJ. ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G mgptpUj;jp
mikr;rH> ,e;j vjpHg;G Ml;Nrgidfspdhy; ,yq;if murhq;fk; jilia
369 I.eh nghJr;rig> “Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiw”> jPHkhdk; 60/139,
A/RES/60/139 (2006) > ge;jp 8. 370 I.eh nghJr;rig> “Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiw”> jPHkhdk; 60/139,
A/RES/60/139 (2006) > ge;jp 9 371 “mikr;ruit jPHkhdq;fspd; rhuhk;rk;> 3 khHr; 2007: jha;khHfs; Gyk;ngaHtjpyhd
fl;Lg;ghLfs;”> ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; Clf ntspaPL> khHr; 8> 2007.
http://www.news.lk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view<emid=51 (accessed September 6,2007).
129
kPs;ghprPyid nra;fpwJ vd mwptpj;jhH.372 ,t;twpf;ifia vOJk;tiu
jilf;fhd cj;Njr tiuG ghuhSkd;wj;jhy; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;L rl;l
tYtspf;fg;gltpy;iy. Gyk;ngaUk; ngz; njhopyhsHfsJ chpikfis
NkYk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F gjpyhf murhq;fk; ,yq;ifapy; ngz;fSf;fhd
nghUshjhu kw;Wk; fy;tpf;fhd tha;g;Gf;fis mjpfhpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jd;
%yk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Gyk;ngaHjiy NtW topfsw;w epiyapyhd XH
topahf nfhs;shky; xU tpUg;gpd; mbg;gilapyhd njhpthff; nfhs;s
KbAk;. jq;fSf;F njhpe;j xNunahU njhopy; NjLk; tifahd
Gyk;ngaHjiy jil nra;tjd; %yk; jq;fs; gps;isfSf;F
MjhukhftpUg;gij cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l jil jLf;fpwJ. ,sk; gps;isfisf;
nfhz;l ngz;fs; gyH> jq;fs; gps;isfspd; tho;f;if ntspehl;by; <l;Lfpd;w
tUkhdj;jpNyNa jq;fpapUg;gjhfTk; mjdhy; Gyk;ngaHjNy cz;ikapy;
jq;fSf;Fhpa rpwe;j njhpthf cs;sJ vd kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F njhptpj;jdH. Ie;J gps;isfspd; jhahH $Wifapy;>
“,yq;ifapy; Ntnwe;j ,lj;jpYk; vd;dhy; Ntiy ngw;Wf;nfhs;s
Kbatpy;iy> tUkhdkpy;yhjjhy; ehd; fhR fld; thq;fpNa czT
cl;nfhz;L ehshe;jk; nryTfisAk; rkhspf;f Kbe;jJ. vdJ gps;isfs;
rpd;dQ; rpwpatHfshf ,Ue;jJld; ehd; Gyk;ngaHe;J nry;Yk;NghJ tPl;by;
xd;WNkapUf;ftpy;iy.”373
,yq;if mjd; murpayikg;G kw;Wk; rHtNjr rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Ntiytha;g;Gfs;
cl;gl ghugl;rq;fspypUe;J ngz;fis ghJfhg;gjw;fhd flg;ghl;ilf;
nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,yq;ifapd; murpayikg;G mjd; cWg;Giu 12 ,y; gpuir
vtUk; ghy; mbg;gilapy; ghugl;rj;jpw;Fs;shf;fg;gLjy; $lhJ vdj;
njhptpf;fpd;wJ.374
,yq;ifAk; xU jug;ghd rHtNjr kdpj chpikfSf;fhd
cld;gbf;iffSk; ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd ghugl;rq;fisj; jil nra;fpd;wd.
xf;NlhgH 1981 ,y; ,yq;if Vw;Wr; rl;ltY mspj;j ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd
midj;J tpj ghugl;rq;fisAk; ,y;yhnjhopj;jy; kPjhd rkthak; (CEDAW)
> Ntiytha;g;G Jiwfspy; Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; njhopiy RahjPdkhf
NjHe;njLf;Fk; chpikia toq;Fjy; cl;gl ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd
ghugl;rq;fis ,y;yhnjhopf;f muRfis Ntz;LfpwJ.
372 “ntspehLfspy; ,sk; jha;khHfs; ghpGhptjpyhd jilia muR kPs;ghprPyid nra;fpwJ”>
rd;Nliuk;]; (nfhOk;G) Nk 13> 2007. http://sundaytimes.lk/070513/Financial Times/ft344.html (accessed September 6, 2007). 373 v];. fjpnuhspAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
`guhJt> ,yq;if> etk;gH 14> 2006.
374 ,yq;if murpayikg;G> cWg;Giu 12.
130
Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfspy; ,yq;if ntspehl;L
gpujpepjp mYtyf Nritfs;
,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;fs; Ntiy nra;Ak; xt;nthU ehl;bYKs;s
J}jufq;fs; me;j ehLfspy; gzpahw;Wk; ,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;fs;
VNjDk; gpur;rpidfis vjpHnfhs;fpd;wduh my;yJ VNjDk;
cjtpfs; mtHfSf;Fj; Njitg;gLfpd;wjh vd;gijf;
fz;fhzpf;f jdpg;gl;l KiwapYk; kw;Wk; kdg;G+HtkhfTk;
<LgLthHfshapd; ,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;fs; Njitaw;w
gpur;rpidfs; vtw;Wf;Fk; Kfk; nfhLf;f Ntz;bajpy;iynad
ehd; epidf;fpNwd;..... ,e;j J}jufq;fs; gzpg;ngz;fSf;F
gpur;rpidfs; VJkpUe;jhy; jk;ik miof;Fk;gb Ntz;bdhYk; rpy
J}jufq;fs; gzpg; ngz;fs; gpur;rpifspd;wp cs;sduh my;yJ
Fwpg;gpl;l rk;gtq;fs; gw;wp gpw;njhlHr;rpahf fz;fhzpg;gJ
Mfpa ,U tplaq;fspy; mf;fiw fhl;Ltjpy;iy.375
—lgps;A+. Rre;jpfh> nygdhd;> Fitj; kw;Wk; N[hHjhd;
ehLfspy; Kd;dH gzpahw;wpa tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;.
Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfspd; cs;@H ePjpr;Nrit nghwpKiwfspypUe;J nghpJk;
tpyf;fg; gl;l epiyapy;> jhq;fs; Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehl;bYs;s jkJ
J}jufq;fs; my;yJ gpujpepjp mYtyfj;jpw;F mtru cjtpfis Njb
Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; rpy rkaq;fspy; jg;gpNahLfpd;wdH.
Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfspYs;s ,yq;if gpujpepjp; mYtyfk; cz;ikapy;
xt;nthU ehSk; gy Kiwg;ghLfisg; ngWtJld; ve;jnthU NtisapYk;
Jd;gg;gLk; E}w;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ngz;fSf;F Gfyplk; mspf;f Ntz;bAk;
cs;sJ.
rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpYs;s ,yq;ifj; J}jufk; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L gpujpepjp
mYtyfj;jplkpUe;J cjtpfisj; NjbtUk; ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F
toq;fg;gLk; Nritfspy; ,ilntspfs; fhzg;gLtij kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; Ma;tfs; Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sd. jq;fsJ Ntiy
nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;gpNahLk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F Gfyplk;
toq;Fk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyfk;> jLj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;s
Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfSf;F cjTtJld; ,yq;ifapd; Gyk;ngaH
njhopyhsHfs; jpUg;gpaDg;gg;gLjYf;Fk; cjTfpwJ. J\;gpuNahfq;fis
Nkw;nfhs;Sk; xU Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;gp my;yJ khw;wj;ijg; ngw>
ntspehl;L gpujp mYtyfj;ij cjtpf;fhf ehLk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F>
375 lgps;A+. Rre;jpfhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if> etk;gH 15> 2006.
131
mtHfis kPl;gjw;fhd cjtpfis toq;fj; jtWjy;@ ntspehl;L gpujpepjp
mYtyfj;ij cjtpf;fhf ehba gpd;dH njhopyhsHfspd; tplaq;fis
njhlHe;Jk; fz;fhzpf;Fk; eltbf;if fspyhd ftdf; FiwT@
J\;gpuNahfq;fspdhy; Jd;Gw;w tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F
cs;s ,og;gPLfSf;fhd toptiffSf;fhd jfty;fis toq;fj;
jtWjy;@ ,og;gPLfis ehLk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd cjtpfs;
Vw;ghl;byhd FiwghLfs;@ kdNtjidf;Fs;shd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F
cstsj; Jiz Nritfs; toq;Ftjpyhd FiwghLfs;@ kw;Wk; J}jufk;>
ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyf eyd;Ghp epiyaq;fspd; trjpfsw;w epiy
vd;git toq;fg;gLk; NritfspYs;s ,ilntspfspy;
cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. ,yq;if J}jufq;fNshL xg;gpLifapy;> gpypg;igd;]; ehL>
mjd; gpuirfshd gpypg;gpNdh tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F gpypg;igd;]; ntspehl;L
njhopy; epHthfk; kw;Wk; mjd; ,uh[je;jpu FOf;fs; %yk; tYthd
ghJfhg;ig toq;fpAs;sJ.
rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpYs;s ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;L mYtyfq;fs;> J\;gpuNahf
Ntiy epiyikfspypUe;J jg;Gtjw;F mtHfs; cjtpfSf;fhf njhlHG
nfhs;Sk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F kPl;Gf;fhd cjtpfis toq;Ftjpy;iy.
Ntiyj;jyq;fspy; J\;gpuNahf epiyikfis mDgtpf;ifapy; ,yq;if
J}jufk; my;yJ ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyfj;ij cjtp Nfhhp njhlHG
nfhz;l gy tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F ntWkNd jg;gpNahLk;gb kl;LNk
MNyhrid njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ. Ntiyj;jyq;fspy; gyte;jkhf jLj;J
itf;fg;gl;bUg;NghUf;F ,e;j tifapyhd MNyhrid NghJkhdjy;y. rpy
re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;> J\;gpuNahfq;fis
vjpHnfhs;ifapy; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ Ntiyj;jyq;fspy; jLj;J
itf;fg;gl;bUf;ifapy; my;yJ jhkhf jg;gpNahLtjd; gpd;tpisTfs; Fwpj;J
mr;rkile;Js;sNghJ mtHfsJ J}jufq;fspypUe;J Njitahd cjtpfis
ngw Kbahjjpdhy; njhlHe;Jk; J\;gpuNahfq;fspdhy; Jd;gg;gLfpd;wdH. V.
n[aeldp> rT+jp mNugpahtpYs;s ,yq;ifj; J}jufj;jplkpUe;J cjtpiag;
ngWtjw;fhf Kaw;rpj;jhH. mtuhy; mtuJ Ntiynfhs;NthH tPl;bypUe;J
jg;gKbahky; NghdJld; gpd;dH mtuJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; kfdhy; ghypay;
ty;YwTf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;L fHg;gkile;jhH. mtH $Wifapy;:
ehd; J}jufj;ij mioj;J mjpfhhpfSld; rpq;fs nkhopapy;
fijj;Njd;. mtHfs; me;j tPl;bypUe;J vt;tpjkhtJ jg;gpNahb
J}jufj;jpw;F tUk;gb vdf;Ff; $wpdhHfs;..... vd;id mtHfshy;
Njb tuKbahJ vd;W $wpdhHfs;..... vd;dhy; jg;gpNahl
Kbatpy;iy. Vndd;why; ehd; mr;rkile;jpUe;Njd;..... mtHfs;
vd;dplk; NtW vjidAk; $wtpy;iy> jdpNa J}jufj;Jf;F
tUk;gb kl;Lk; $wpdH. ehd; mJ gw;wp rpe;jpj;Njd;> jdpNa
J}jufj;Jf;F NghtJ gw;wp mr;rkile;Njd;. Vw;fdNt
132
ehd; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; gpur;rpidfSf;f Nkyjpfkhf J}jufj;jpw;F
nry;Yk; topapYk; gpur;rpidfs; Vw;glyhnkd gae;Njd;. MfNt
ehd; jg;gp XlhkypUf;f jPHkhdpj;Njd;.376
kj;jpa fpof;fpy; 10 tUlq;fSf;F Nky; Ie;J jlitfs; gzpahw;wpa
kw;WnkhU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH ghpe;Jiuf;ifapy;> “Njitahd nghOJ
J}jufq;fspypUe;J cjtpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd
Kiwiknahd;Wk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;..... Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU mYtyfk; my;yJ
eghpd; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fk; vq;fSf;F jug;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ehq;fs; mioj;jhy;
me;j egH vq;fis me;j tPl;by; fz;Lgpbf;ff; $bajhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;”>377 vd;W $wpdhH.
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; cjtp Ntz;b J}jufq;fis mioj;j re;jHg;gq;fisf;
nfhz;l rk;gtq;fspy; ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyfk; mNefk;
gpw;njhlHr;rpahd eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjpy;iy. ,yq;if ntspehl;L
Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpy; vl;L tUlq;fshf gzpahw;wpa xU mjpfhhp
gpd;tUk; ghpe;Jiuia kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Fj; je;jhH:
“J}jufk; tpkhdk; %yk; tUk; xt;nthU Gyk;ngaH
njhopyhsHfs; gw;wpa tpguq;fis mwpe;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
ntspehLfSf;F gzpg;ngz;zhfr; nry;Yk; xt;nthU
gazpAk; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;dH jq;fsJ tpguq;fisg;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. J}jufq;fs; vd;d eilngWfpwJ
vd;gijf; fz;fhzpj;J mtHfis mioj;J mtHfsJ gzpepiy
gw;wpa tpguq;fis Nfl;lwpe;J nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j
tplaq;fs; midj;ijAk; mtHfs; mwpe;J nfhs;thHfshapd;>
J}jufj;Jf;F cjt KbAk;. njhopyhsUld; xUq;fpize;J
nraw;gLtjw;fhd Mw;wy; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. tPl;Lg; gzpahsH
mioj;J> “vdf;F xU gpur;rpid cs;sJ”> vdj; njhptpf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; J}jufk; cldbahf mjidf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L mtiu
kPz;Lk; mioj;J tplaj;ij njhlHe;J fz;fhzpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.378
,yq;if ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyf mjpfhhpfs; J\;gpuNahfq;fshy;
Jd;gg;gl;l tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;Fs;s ,og;gPLfSf;fhd njhpTfs; gw;wpa
376 V. n[aeldpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fz;b> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 10> 2006.
377 vk;. rj;JhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. ,wk;Gf;fid> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 6> 2006.
378 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf cj;jpNahfj;jUldhd kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. (ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)> FUehfy; khtl;lk;> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 5> 2006.
133
tpguq;fis toq;Ftjw;F mNefk; jtwptpLfpd;wdH. J}jufk; kw;Wk;
ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyf cj;jpNahfj;jh; J\;gpuNahfj;ij Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
Ntiynfhs;NthH my;yJ njhopy; KftUf;nfjpuhf xU Kiwg;ghl;il gjpT
nra;tjw;fhd jfty; tpguq;fis jq;fSf;F toq;ftpy;iynad mNefkhd
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Kiwapl;ldH. Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; LghapYs;s
njhopy; KftHfshy; J\;gpuNahfj;Jf;Fs;shd xU Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;
gzpg;ngz; $wpaJ:
ehndhU Kiwg;ghl;il J}jufj;jpy; gjpT nra;Njd;.
ehd; ,yq;if caH];jhdpfuhyaj;Jf;Fr; nrd;W xU
mjpfhhpAld; fijj;Njd;. mtH ehd; Vd; NghfpNwd; vd;W
Nfl;lhH> mjw;F ehd; “vdJ Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; Kftuhy;
ehd; jhf;fg;gl;bUf;fpNwd;> mjdhy; ehd; jpUk;gpg;
NghfNtz;Lk;”> vd;W $wpNdd;. ehd; $wpa vjidAk; mtH
vOjpf; nfhs;stpy;iy. ,e;j Kiwg;ghl;by; ehd;
jpUg;jpailatpy;iy. Fwpg;gpl;l Ntiynfhs;NthUld; vd;dhy;
re;Njh\khf Ntiy nra;a KbahJtpl;lhy; vd;dhy; jpUk;gpr;
nry;y KbAnkd;gJ vdf;Fj; njhpAk;> MdhYk; me;j mjpfhhp
ve;jnthU Fwpg;igNah my;;yJ mwpf;ifiaNah vOjtpy;iy.379
ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyfq;fspYs;s eyd;Ghp mjpfhhpfs; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfSf;F toq;fg;glhj Ntjdq;fis my;yJ jdpg;gl;l nrhe;j
cilikfis kPsg; ngWtjw;fhd rl;l eltbf;iffSf;F nghWg;ghdtHfshf
cs;sdH> MapDk; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j
ve;jnthU tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSNk jq;fSf;F toq;fg;glhj Ntjd epYitia
ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyf cj;jpNahfj;jHfspd; cjtpapdhy
KOikahf kPsg;ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljhf njhptpf;ftpy;iy.380 jdf;F
toq;fg;glhjpUe;j 12 khjfhy Ntjdj;ij kPsg;ngWtjw;fhf
nygdhdpYs;s ,yq;if ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyfj;jpd; cjtpia ehba
xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH $wpaJ> “J}jufj;jpypUe;j mjpfhhpaplk; ehd;> vdJ
Ntiynfhs;NthH vdf;F rk;gsk; nfhLg;gjpy;iy vd;W Kiwapl;Nld;. mjw;F
me;j mjpfhhp> ehd; tPl;il tpl;Lj; jg;gp Xbajhy; mtHfs; ve;jf;
nfhLg;gdTk; nra;akhl;lhHfs; vdf; $wpdhH. mtH vjidAk; vOjpf;
nfhs;shjJld; vdf;F vjidAk; njhptpf;ftpy;iy. mtH ntWkNd ehd;
nrhy;tijf; Nfl;lhH.... ,d;Wtiu vdf;F vJTk; fpilf;ftpy;iy.”381 ,yq;if
379 vr;. re;jphpfhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. FUehfy;> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 4> 2006.
380 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G cj;jpNahfj;jUldhd kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 1> 2006.
381 vr;. mwpTilAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. `guhJt> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 14> 2006.
134
ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf cj;jpNahfj;jH xUtH kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $wpaJ> “ntspehl;L njhlHG gphpT> ntspehl;Lg; gpujpepjp mYtyfk; Clhf Ntiynfhs;NthUf;nfjpuhf rl;l eltbf;if vLf;Fk;.
me;jg; gf;fj;jpy; ,J kpfTk; gytPdkhf cs;sJ.”382 kw;WnkhU ,yq;if
ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf cj;jpNahfj;jH> ,e;j eyd;Ghp
mjpfhhpfSf;F rl;l eltbf;iffis Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjpy; Nkyjpf gapw;rp
Njitnadf; Fwpg;gpl;lhH> “J}jufq;fspy; gzpg;ngz;fspd; gpur;rpidfs; gw;wpf;
ftdpg;gjw;F cj;jpNahfj;jHfis epakpj;jpUf;fpNwhk.... MdhYk;
Kiwg;ghLfis vt;tpjk; ifahs;tnjhd mtHfSf;F mwpT+l;l Ntz;Lk;.”383
ghjpf;fg;gl;l gzpahsHfspd; ,og;gPl;Lf;fhd ek;gpf;if
VNjDk; ,Uf;Fkhapd;> ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyf
cj;jpNahfj;jHfs;> toq;fg;glhj Ntjd epYit my;yJ
J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;fhd tof;Ffis gzpahsHfs; Ntiynfhs;Sk;
ehl;by; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ kl;LNk nfhz;L elhj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gij
gzpahsHfSf;f njhptpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthU tUlKk; RkhH 100 tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfSf;F rl;l cjtp toq;Fk; rl;l cjtp kd;wj;jpd; Gyk;ngaH
njhopyhsH gphptpd; gzpg;ghsH $Wifapy;> “Gyk;ngaH gzpg;ngz; xUtH
ntspehl;by; xU gpur;rpidiaf; nfhz;bUe;J> gpd;dH mtH ehL jpUk;gpaJk;
mtuJ gzj;ij kPsg;ngWtjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; rl;lj;jpy; ,y;iy..... mtHfsJ
rk;gsj;ij ,q;Nf kPsg; ngwKbahJ..... toq;fg;glhj Ntjdk; kw;Wk; cly;
hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fs; vd;gd eyd;Ghp epjpapy; cs;slf;fg;gltpy;iy.
toq;fg;glhj rk;gsj;ij kPsg; ngWtjw;F vkf;F mjpfhukpy;iy> ,Jtiu
nfhLf;fg;glhj rk;gsk; vjidAk; vk;khy; kPsg;
ngwKbatpy;it>“ vd;whH.384 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd;
cj;jpNahfj;jH Fwpg;gpLifapy;> “ntspehl;L J}jufj;jpNyNa eltbf;iffs;
vLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. gzpg;ngz; ehL jpUk;gpa gpd;dH eltbf;ifia
vLg;gjw;F fhyk; fle;J tpLk;. ntspehl;by; cly; hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fs;>
njhy;iyfs;> xg;ge;j KwpTfSf;fhd epjp ,og;gPLfnsd vjidAk;
ntspehl;by; ngWtJ kpfTk; fbdkhdJ.”385 ntsptptfhu mikr;rpd; xU
cj;jpNahfj;jH ,J Fwpj;J NkYk; njhptpf;ifapy;> “ePz;lfhyk; toq;fg;glhj
nfhLg;gdTfSf;fhf ehk; Ntiynfhs;Nthiu> gzpg;ngz; Ntiynfhs;Sk;
382 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf cj;jpNahfj;jUldhd kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 1> 2006.
383 vy;.Nf. W`_DNfAldhd (,.nt.Nt.g) kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 30> 2006.
384 nyye;jp FkhhpAldhd (rl;l cjtp kd;wk;) kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
nfhOk;G ,yq;if> etk;gH 17> 2006.
385 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf cj;jpNahfj;jUldhd kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 1> 2006.
135
ehl;bypUe;jhy; ePjpkd;wj;Jf;F miog;gJz;L. Mdhy; gzpg;ngz;
kPz;Lk; ,yq;if jpUk;gpa gpd;dH ePjpkd;wpy; tof;iff; nfhz;L elhj;JtJ
Kbahjjhfp tpLfpwJ.”386
J}jufk; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyf eyd;Ghp epiyaq;fspy;
cstsj; Jiz NritfSf;fhd Njitiaf; nfhz;Ls;s tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfSf;F mj;Njitia toq;Ftjpy; FiwghLfs; fhzg;gl;lij kdpj
chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; Ma;Tfs; vLj;Jf;fhl;bd. Fitj; ehl;by; jdJ
Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; cly; kw;wk; cs hPjpahf mjpfsT
J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;fhshfpa xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;;: “ehd; J}jufj;jpy; ,uz;L khjq;fs;tiu ,Ue;Njd;..... mq;F vdf;F ve;jtpjkhd
cstsj; Jiw rpfpr;irfSk; jug;gltpy;iy...... vdJ itj;jparhiy gjpTfs;
midj;ijAk; ,oe;Njd;. ,q;F itj;jpahplk; vd;d $Wtnjdj; njhpatpy;iy>
ve;j Mtzq;fSk; ,y;iy>"387
vd;whH. ,yq;if J}jufk; kw;Wk; gpujpepjp
mYtyf eyd;Ghp epiyaq;fspYs;s epiyikfs; kpfTk; fPohditnad
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Kiwapl;ldH. tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; xUtH $Wifapy;>
“mq;f NghJkhd cztpy;iy> NjePH ,y;iy> rPdp ,y;iy> fug;ghd; G+r;rpfs;
mq;Fkpq;Fk; jphpAk;> mJ mOf;Fg; gpbj;jnthU ,lk;......> mq;F xU ,Uk;Gf;
fl;biyj; je;jdH. mjpy; vdf;Fg; gLf;f KbahkypUe;jJ....... czT$l
NghJkhdjhf ,y;iy. mq;F RkhH 200 ngz;fs; ,Ue;jdH...... vq;fSf;Fj;
Njitahd cLg;G jUtjhff; $wpdhHfs;> Mdhy; mjidj; juNtapy;iy>"388
vd;whH. kw;WnkhU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Fj; njhptpf;ifapy;> “Fitj;jpYs;s J}jufj;jpy; vq;fSf;Fj;
J}q;Ftjw;Ff; $l ,lkpUf;ftpy;iy...... vq;fSf;F ey;ynjhU ,lk; jug;gl
Ntz;Lk;.”389 vd;whH.
rT+jp mNugpahtpy; kuzjz;lid tpjpf;fg;gl;l 19 tajhd ,yq;ifg;
gzpg;ngz; hprhdh egPf; ,d; tof;F> jLj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;s tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfSf;F ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyfj;jpd; $Ljyhd cjtpfspd;
Njitfs; vd;gjd; kPjhd rHtNjr ftdj;ij <Hj;jJ. 2005 ,y; Kjy;
jlitahf ifJ nra;ag;gl;L> [_d; 2007 ,y; rT+jp mNugpahtpd; \hpah
ePjpkd;wk;> mtuJ guhkhpg;gpypUe;j rpWFoe;ijia nfhd;wikf;fhf mtUf;F
kuzjz;lid mspj;J jPHg;G toq;fpa gpd;dH tiu mtUf;F rl;l
386 RNkjh Vf;fehaf;fTldhd (ntspehl;L tptfhu mikr;R) kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. ,yq;if> nfhOk;G> etk;gH 16> 2006.
387 N[. yf;kpdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 9> 2006.
388 mNj Mjhu%yk;.
389 vk;. rj;JhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy ,wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 6> 2006.
136
cjtpfSf;fhd toptiffs; fpl;ltpy;iy.390
,e;j mwpf;ifia vOJk;
Ntisapy; mtH tof;fwpQhpd; cjtpAld; jPHg;gpw;nfjpuhf xU
Nkd;KiwaPl;il gjpT nra;J mjd; Kbit vjpHghHj;jpUf;fpwhH.391
jLj;J
itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; gy tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F ciu ngaHg;ghsHfsJ Nrit>
rl;l cjtp my;yJ mtHfsJ tof;Ffs; gw;wpa mbg;gilj; jfty;fs;
fpilg;gjw;fhd toptiffspd;wpAs;sdH. Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfspd;
murhq;fq;fs; Gyk;ngaHe;NjhUf;F ciu ngaHg;NghH> rl;lj;juzpfs;
MfpNahUf;fhd toptiffis toq;fhjNghJ ,yq;if ntspehl;L gpujpepjp
mYtyfq;fspd; gpujpgypg;G tpkHrdj;Jf;Fhpajhfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifaHfs; jLj;J
itf;fg;gLk; nghOJ rpy rkaq;fspy; ,yq;if ntspehl;L mYtyfq;fSf;F
mwptpf;fg;glhky; ,Ue;jhYk; Vida re;jHg;gq;fspy; mYtyf mjpfhhpfs;
Njitahd cjtpfs; toq;Ftjid jhkjpf;fpd;wdH my;yJ hprhdh egPf;fh
tplaj;jpy; eilngw;wJ Nghd;W cjtpfis toq;fj; jtWfpd;wdH.
Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; rkthak;> “Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfs;
FLk;g mq;fj;jtHfs; jw;nghOJs;s rkthaj;jpy; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l chpikfs;
NkhrkilAk; nghOnjy;yhk; mtHfs; nrhe;j ehl;bd; ntspehl;L gpujpepjp
my;yJ ,uh[je;jpu mjpfhhpfs;
my;yJ me;j ehl;bd; eyd;fisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; xU ehl;bd; ghJfhg;G
kw;Wk; cjtpfis ehLtjw;fhd chpikiaf; nfhz;Ls;sdH vdj;
njhptpf;fpwJ.”392
gpujpepjp mYtyf Nritfspy; fhprdk; nfhz;l Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rktha
Vw;ghLfSld; ,zq;Ftjpyhd ,yq;ifapd; ,ay;jpwd; Ntiynfhs;Sk;
ehLfspd; xj;Jiog;gpy; nghpJk; jq;fpAs;sJ. ,lhpYs;s tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis
390 fj;jPg; my; \khhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpy; njhiyNgrpAldhd
NeHfhzy;. wpahj;> rT+jp mNugpah> [_iy15> 2007@ nua;l; M];b> “hprhdhtpd; tof;fpy; FLk;gj;jtHfsplkpUe;J kd;dpg;G ,y;iy”> muGr; nra;jpfs; (n[l;lh> rT+jp mNugpah)> [_iy
29> 2007. http://www.arabnews.com/?page=1§ion=0&article=99059&d=29&m=7&y=2007 (accessed September 6, 2007)@ MH.[p jHkjhrh> “rT+jpapYs;s ,sk; ngz;Zf;fhf FLk;gk; fz;zPH
rpe;JfpwJ”> gp.gp.rp rpq;fs Nrit [_iy 4> 2007.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/sinhala/news/story/2007/07/070704_saudifeature.html (accessed September 6, 2007)@ hpk; Gr;rH> “,sk; gzpg;ngz;zpd; jiyia Jz;bf;f rT+jp
jahuhfpwJ>” nlypfpuhg; (yz;ld;> A.Nf) [_iy 17> 2007.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/07/16/wsaudi116.xml (accessed September 6,2007) 391 nkh`kl; u#y;Bd; “hprhdhtpdJ tof;fwpQHfspd; epaha rig jiytHfspd; re;jpg;G”>
nla;yp epA+];> nfhOk;G> nrg;nlk;gH 25> 2007. http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/09/25/news27.asp (accessed October 8, 2007); nkh`kl; u#y;Bd; “,yq;if mikr;rH hprhdh tof;F njhlHghf
mjpfhhpfSld; Ngr;R”> muGr; nra;jpfs; (n[l;lh> rT+jp mNugpah) xf;NlhgH 7> 2007.
http://www.arabnews.com/?page=1§ion=0&article=102142&d=7&m=10&y=2007 (accessed October 8, 2007) 392 Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak;> cWg;Giu 12(2)
137
kPl;gjw;F> J\;gpuNahfq;fspd; kPJ tprhuizfis Muk;gpj;J elhj;Jtjw;F
kw;Wk; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;s Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfsJ rl;l chpikfs;
ghJfhf;fg;gLtjw;F ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;L mYtyfq;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk;
Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; xj;Jiog;G mtrpak;.
Kiwg;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd topKiwfs; kw;Wk;
,yq;iff;F kPs;jpUk;gpa gpd;dH ghjpg;gile;jtUf;fhd
NritfspYs;s FiwghLfs;
,yq;if murhq;fk;> Kiwg;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd topKiwfs; kw;Wk;
kPs;jpUk;Gk; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfspd; chpikfs;
kPwg;gl;bUf;ifapy; ,og;gPLfis ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf
ghjpg;gile;jtHfSf;fhd NritfisAk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ. kPs;jpUk;Gk; rpy
gzpahsHfSf;fhd cjtpfis 1994 xf;NlhgH khjj;jpy; Muk;gpj;j njhopyhsH
eyd;Ghp fhg;GWjpj; jpl;lk; %yk; ,wg;G> mq;ftPdk;> ehL jpUk;Gtjw;fhd
nryTfs; kw;Wk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;Jld; gjpT
nra;Js;s Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfSf;F Fwpf;fg;gl;l epge;jidfspd; fPo; cly;
eyk; vd;gtw;wpw;fhd fhg;GWjpfis murhq;fk; toq;FfpwJ.393
vt;thwhapDk;
eilKiwapy; ,e;j eltbf;iffs; ahTk; NghJkhd jpUg;jpailaf; $ba
epiyfspypUe;J vl;lNt ,Ue;jd.
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jfty;fs; vd;gtw;Wld; kPs;jpUk;Gk; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfSf;fhd Nritfis
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Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; cjtp toq;Fk; epiyak; vd;gd cs;sd. ,e;j
eltbf;iffs; J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;Fs;shfp ehL jpUk;Gk; Gyk;ngaH
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NeHfhzy; nra;j ve;jnthU gzpg;ngz;Zk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L
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gzpaf cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; VNjDk; cjtp Ghpe;jdH vd;W $Wtjhf ,Ue;jhy;>
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Nghjpa rpuj;ijAld; gjpT nra;J nfhs;stpy;iynadTk; gyH Kiwapl;ldH.
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ty;YwTf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;L> fHg;gkhf;fg;gl;l xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; kdpj
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gzpafj;jpd; tpkhd epiyaf; fUkgPlj;jpy; Fiwe;jsthd cjtpfNs
fpilj;jjhf $wpdhH.
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gzpafj;jpd; fUk gPlj;jpypUe;j ngz; cj;jpNahfj;jhplk; $wpNdd;.
(vdf;F vd;d eilngw;wJ vdTk;> ehd; fHg;gkhfpAs;sJ
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Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf fUkgPlj;jpypUe;j mtHfs; vdJ tplak;
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jfty;fisAk; jutpy;iy. njhiyNgrp ,yf;fj;ij je;j mtHfs;
eP ,jid kiwj;J tho tpUk;gpdhy; jug;gl;l ,e;j ,yf;fj;ij
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mioj;Njd;> MapDk; mJ vq;NfAs;sJ my;yJ fl;lzk;
vt;tsT vd;gJ Nghd;w tplaq;fs; vdf;Fj; njhpatpy;iy.
ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; Ntnwq;F nry;yyhk; vdj;
njhptpf;fhjJld;> vdf;F Ie;J rjk; $lj; jutpy;iy. mtHfs;
vdJ tplaj;ijapl;L mf;fiw fhl;lNtapy;iy ...... mtHfis
kPz;Lk; ehd; njhlHG nfhs;stpy;iy> Vnddpy; mjpy; ve;jg;
gpuNahrdKk; ,y;iy.394
rT+jp mNugpahtpy; gzpGhpifapy; cly; hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;fhshfp>
Ntiy nra;j 10 khjk; KOtjpw;Fkhd Ntjdk; toq;fg;glhJ kWf;fg;gl;l
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394 V. n[aelhdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fz;b> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 10> 2006.
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vdJ rk;gs tpguk; gw;wpa jfty;fisNah> vdJ Ntiynfhs;NthH my;yJ
njhopy; KftuJ tpguq;fs; gw;wp vjidAk; vOjpf; nfhs;stpy;iy. mtHfs;
vdf;F vjidANk njhptpf;fhjJld; Nkyjpf jfty;fSf;fhf vd;dplKk;
vjidAk; Nfl;ftpy;iy> mtHfs; ntWkNd xU g];tz;bapy;
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gzj;jpidj; jUthHnsd;W kl;Lk; $wpdhHfs;.”395
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gzpahsHfSf;F ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf CopaHfs; NjePH>
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J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F MshdtHfSf;F fpilf;Fk; Nritfs; gw;wpa jfty;fs;
vjidAk; mtHfs; toq;Ftjpy;iy. ntspehl;by; ngz;fsJ mDgtq;fs;
gw;wp rpy jfty;fis kl;Lk; mjpfhhpfs; gjpT nra;fpd;wdH> MapDk; ,e;j
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Njitg;gLk; re;jHg;gq;fspy;> ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf
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gw;wp tpsf;Fifapy;> “mtHfs; NeubahfNt tPL nry;tjw;F gpuahzj;jpw;fhd
nryit 200-625 &gha;fs; tiu (m.nlhyHfs; 1.78-5.55) toq;FfpNwhk;. ,q;F
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mtHfSf;F Xa;T Njitahf ,Ug;gpd;> ,e;j epiyaj;jpy; 40 NgHtiu xNu
jlitapy; jq;fyhk;. tPl;Lf;F nry;yKbAkhdtHfSf;F tPL nry;tjw;F gzk;
toq;FfpNwhk;. mtHfis nfhOk;G kj;jpa g];jhpg;G epiyak; my;yJ
ePHnfhOk;G g];jhpg;gplj;jpw;F mDg;gp itf;fpNwhk;. Nghf;Ftuj;ij
toq;Ftjw;F vk;kplk; g];tz;bnahd;Wk;> thd; xd;Wk; cs;sJ.
mtHfis ,q;Nf te;J $l;br; nry;YkhW mtHfsJ ngw;NwhHfSf;F
mwptpf;fpNwhk;”> vd;W $wpdhH.396
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395 v];. Nrg;ghypf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 9> 2006.
396 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G mjpfhhpAldhd kdpj chpiffs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 1> 2006.
140
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,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf cjtp epiyaj;ij tpl;L jdJ
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J\;gpuNahfk; kw;Wk; ghypay; njhy;iyfSf;fhshd xU 18 taJ gzpg;ngz;
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $Wifapy;> “ehd; ,g;NghJjhd; ,e;j eyd;Ghp epiyaj;jpw;F te;Njd;> vdf;F kjpaNghrdj;ij jtpu NtnwJTk;
fpilf;ftpy;iy. ,Jtiu mtHfs; vdf;F vjidAk; $wtpy;iy. ,q;Fs;s
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nra;a tpUk;gpNdd;>“398 vd;whH. rT+jp mNugpahtpy; gzpGhpAk; ,lj;jpy; ghypay;
njhe;juT> Ntjdk; toq;fg;glhik kw;Wk; fl;lhaNtiy
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vjidAk; je;Jjttpy;iy vdf; $wpdhH. mtH $Wifapy;> tpkhdk;
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Kiwg;ghnlhd;iw nra;tjw;F tpUk;gpNdd;> Vndd;why; vdf;F ele;jtw;iw
ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; ntl;fg;gltpy;iy. ehd; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpNwd;>
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etk;gH 14> 2006.
141
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njhptpf;ftpy;iy. ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G
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Kd;ndLj;jhYk;> mtHfs; ,og;gPLfs; vjidAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy;>
xj;Jiog;Gj; juhj ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf mjpfhhpfs;
kw;Wk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf mYtyfj;jpw;F te;J
nry;tjpyhd fhytpuak; kw;Wk; gzr;nryTfs; cl;gl gy jilfis
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toq;fg;glhjpUe;j vl;L khj Ntjdj;jpy; vjidANk ,yq;if ntspehl;L
Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; kPsg;ngw;Wf; nfhLf;ftpy;iy. mtH
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ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpYk; Kiwg;ghLfs; nra;jhH. mtH
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2005 ,y; ehL jpUk;gpa Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfsplkpUe;J 6994 Kiwg;ghLfis
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Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; mlq;fpa 8823 Ngh;fSf;F 5>027>285
&gha;fs; (44>647 m.nlhyHfs;) nrYj;jg;gl;lJ. ,jidf; fzf;fpLifapy;
Kiwapl;ltHfSf;F ruhrhp 5 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; vd;w tPjj;jpy;
fhzg;gLfpwJ.403
xt;nthU tUlKk; 100 tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F rl;l cjtp
toq;Fk; rl;l cjtp kd;wj;jpd; gzpg;ghsH njhptpf;ifapy;> “rl;l cjtp kd;wk;
401 vk;. espdpf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fphpghth> ,yq;if>
etk;gH 7> 2006.
402 mNj Mjhu%yk;.
403 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk;> ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G tUlhe;j
Gs;sptpgu mwpf;if 2005> g. 63> 64.
143
jhf;fy; nra;Ak; Kiwg;ghLfs; Nky; eltbf;if vLg;gjw;F ,yq;if
ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; mNefk; jtWfpd;wJ vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhH.
“Kiwg;ghLfs; vq;fSf;F fpilf;fpd;wNghJ ehk; ntsptptfhu mikr;Rf;F
vOj;J %yk; mwptpg;Nghk;.......... MapDk; mtHfsJ kNdhghtk;
vz;zpf;ifapYk; ehl;Lf;fhd tUkhdj;ijANk mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;bUe;jNjad;wp kdpj chpikfs; gw;wpay;y........... vq;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;
toikahd gjpy;: �tplak; kPJ ehk; ftdk; nfhz;Ls;Nshk;> ntspehl;L
mYtyfj;Jf;F ,J njhlHghf fbjk; vOjpapUf;fpNwhk;� vd;gJ
kl;LNk. ,t;tpjkhd gjpy;fspdhy; vkf;F gandJTk; fpilf;fg;
Nghtjpy;iy.”404 vd;W $wpa mtH NkYk; njhptpf;ifapy;> “,jdhy; gandJTk; ,y;iy@ ehq;fs; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsiu jpUg;jp nra;tjw;F
MWjy; MNyhridfis mspg;Nghk;............. 50 tPjkhd rk;gtq;fs;
gzpafj;jpw;fhd fbjj;Jld; mtw;wpd; Kbit mile;J tpLk;>“405 vd;whh;.
,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; tpkhd epiyaj;jpw;F
mUfpypUf;Fk; mjd; eyd;Ghp epiyaj;jpy; cstsj;Jiz Nritfis
toq;Ftjpy;iy. tpkhd epiyaj;jpd; mUfpYs;s ,yq;if ntspehl;L
Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; Nritfs; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfspd;
cwtpdHfis njhlHG nfhz;L mtHfis tPl;Lf;F mDg;GtJld;
kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf eyd;Ghp
epiya CopaHfs;> kdNtjidfSf;F cl;gl;bUg;gjw;fhd cWjpahd
rkpf;iQfis fhz;gpf;Fk; gy tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fSf;F mtw;Wf;fhd
cstsj;Jiz Nrit my;yJ Nrit toq;Fk; NtW mikg;Gf;fspd;
njhlHGfs; gw;wpa jfty;fis toq;fhJ NkNyhl;lkhd> toikahd
NeHfhzypd; gpd;dH mtHfsJ FLk;gj;jhhplk; mDg;gp tplaj;ij Kbg;gij
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; mtjhdpj;jJ. eyd;Ghp epiyaj;jpYs;s xU
cj;jpNahfj;jH njhptpf;ifapy;> “cstsj;Jiz my;yJ mg;gbahd
Nritfis toq;Fk;NghJ NtW mikg;Gf;fs; gw;wpa MNyhridfs;
Njitg;gLk;> ngz;fs; kpf mjpfk; J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;Fs;shfpa rk;gtq;fs; gw;wp
khjj;jpy; 10f;Fk; Fiwthd rpy rkak; %d;W my;yJ ehd;F rk;gtq;fNs
mwptpf;fg;gLtjhf njhptpj;jhH.406
kw;nwhU re;jHg;gj;jpy; ,yq;if ntspehl;L
Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf CopaHfs; RftPdKw;w kw;Wk; J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;Fs;shd
tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; ngz;nzhUtUf;F kUj;Jt Nritfs; gw;wpa jfty;fs;
vjidAk; toq;ftpy;iy. mtH $Wifapy;> ehd; tpkhd epiyaj;jpw;F ,d;W
mjpfhiy 3 kzpastpy; te;Njd;. tpkhd epiyaj;ij mile;jJk; vd;dhy;
404 v];.v];. tpN[uj;dTldhd (rl;l cjtp kd;wk;) kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;. nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 17> 2006.
405 mNj Mjhu%yk;
406 ,yq;if ntspehl;Lg; Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf mjpfhhpAldhd NeHfhzy;.
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 17> 2006.
144
jdpNa elkhl Kbatpy;iy. vd;dplk; gazj;jpw;fhd gpuahzg;
ignahd;Wk; ,Ue;jJld; ehd; NjfhNuhf;fpaj;Jld; cs;sjhf czutpy;iy>
vdNt rpyH xU thfdj;ij Vw;ghL nra;J vd;id ,q;Nf cjtp
epiyaj;jpw;F $l;b te;jdH ........... ehd; mr;rkile;jpUe;jJld; itj;jpaH
xUtiuf; fhz tpUk;gpNdd;. fhiyapy; vdf;F ,uj;jKk; ntspapy;
te;jJ ........................MapDk; ,q;fpUe;jtHfs; itj;jpaH gw;wp vjidAk;
vdf;Fj; njhptpf;ftpy;iy>“ vd;whH.407
rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs;
,uhr;rpak; Nghd;w Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfspd; gjpypWg;G
njhopy; rl;lq;fspypUe;J jtpHj;jik
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F NtiyNeuf; fl;Lg;ghLfs; ,y;iy@
mt;tpjkhd epge;jidfs; vJTk; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fSf;Nfh
my;yJ tPl;LNtiy nra;Ak; Mz;fSf;Nfh ,y;iy.
VidatHfSf;F vl;L kzpj;jpahy Ntiyf; fl;Lg;ghL> Nkyjpf
NeuNtiy kw;Wk; nts;spf;fpoikfspy; tpLKiw vd;gd
cz;L.408
—,yq;ifapd; mDkjp ngw;w ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G rq;fj;
jiyth; (ALFEA)
rT+jp mNugpah>409
Fitj;>410
nygdhd;>411
kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;412
vd;gtw;wpd; njhopy; rl;lq;fs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis Ntjdf;
nfhLg;gdTfSf;fhd Vw;ghLfs;> Ntiy Neuq;fs;> nfhLg;gdTld; $ba
tpLKiwfs; kw;Wk; njhopyhsH el;l<L cl;gl rl;lg; ghJfhg;GfspypUe;J
GwnkhJf;fpAs;sJ. tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ mbg;gil njhopy; ghJfhg;Gf;fis
kWjypg;gJ Kiwaw;w njhopy; eilKiwfSf;fhd murpd; xg;Gjy; %yk;
njhopyhsHfs; jtwhf ifahsg;gLtjid Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ.
If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; njhopy; rl;lk;> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; 1980 Mk;
Mz;L njhopy; rl;l ,y. 8 ,d; fPo; ghJfhg;Gf;fs; ngWtij
407 Nf. Gz;zpahTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 1> 2006.
408 my;̀ h[; A.hp.vk; md;tPUldhd (ALFEA) kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;
NeHfhzy;. ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 31> 2006.
409 njhopy; rl;lk;> mur jPHit ,y.M/51, 23 \hghd; 1426 (nrg;nlk;gH 27> 2005) cWg;Giu
7(2)
410 rl;l ,y. 38> 1964 – jdpahH JiwapYs;s CopaH njhlHghdJ. cWg;Giu 2(e)
411 njhopy; Nfhit rl;l ,y. 23> 1946> jpUj;jk; 24 [_iy 1996> cWg;Giu 7(1)
412 rk\;bauRr; rl;l ,y. 8> 1980 njhopy; njhlHGfs; kPjhd xOq;F tpjpfs;> cWg;Giu 3(c)
145
ntspg;gilahfNt GwnkhJf;FfpwJ.413
1980 Mk; Mz;L njhopy; rl;lj;Jf;F
jpUj;jq;fis If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; jw;nghOJ ftdj;jpy;
nfhz;bUf;ifapy;> jpUj;j rl;ltiuG jdpahH tPLfspy;
Ntiyf;fkHj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; midj;J tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfisAk; njhopy;
ghJfhg;gpypUe;J ntspg;gilahfNt xJf;FtJld; ngg;nuthp 2007 ,y;
nghJkf;fspd; kPsha;T kw;Wk; fUj;Jf;fSf;Fkhf tplg;gl;lJ. If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;nfd xU epHzapf;fg;gl;l juj;jpyhd
xg;ge;jj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. ,J Vg;gpuy; 1> 2007 ,ypUe;J mKYf;F
te;jJld; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F rpy ghJfhg;Gf;fis toq;FfpwJ.
MapDk; mJ Ntiy Neuq;fSf;fhd kl;Lg;gLj;jy;fs;> Xa;T my;yJ Nkyjpf
NeuNtiy gw;wpa Vw;ghLfspd;wp> njhopyhsH el;l<bd;wpAk; fhzg;gLtJld;
jdpNa njspthf Fwpg;gplhj “NghJkhd ,ilNtis” kw;Wk; xt;nthU ,uz;L
tUlj;jpw;nfhU Kiw xU khj nfhLg;gdTldhd tpLKiw vd;gtw;iw kl;Lk;
toq;FfpwJ.414
epHzapf;fg;gl;l xg;ge;jk;> njhopy; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk;>
Ntiy ehl;fspy; vl;L kzpNeu Ntiyf;fl;Lg;ghL> thuhe;jk; xU Xa;T
ehSf;fhd cj;juthjk;> ehshe;jk; xU kzpj;jpahy ,isg;ghWjy; Neuk;>
Nkyjpf Neu Ntiyf; nfhLg;gdT> tUlhe;jk; Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdTldhd
xUkhj tpLKiw kw;Wk; njhopypd;NghJ Vw;gLk; fhaq;fSf;F el;l<L
vd;git cs;slq;fyhd $Ljy; ghJfhg;G vd;gtw;Wf;F rkdhd ghJfhg;ig
toq;ff;$ba xU khw;Wj; jpl;lkhf fhzg;gltpy;iy. 415
xU jpUj;jpa njhopy; rl;lf; Nfhitia cUthf;Ftjw;F xU jrhg;jfhy
ePz;l nra;Kiwf;F gpd;dUk;> Fitj; murhq;fk; mjd; njhopy; rl;ltiugpy;
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis cs;slf;fj; jtwpaJ> ,t;tiuG tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis
njhopy; ghJfhg;gpypUe;J Kw;whf tpyj;jpAs;sJ.416
xf;NlhgH 1> 2006 md;W
Fitj; murhq;fj;jpd; cs;tptfhu mikr;R> Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdj;ij
Fwpg;gpLtJk;> gzpahsHfs; kPJ fl;lzq;fis Rkj;JtijAk; jilnra;Ak; xU
epHzapf;fg;gl;l juj;jpyhd tPl;Lg; gzpahsH xg;ge;jj;ij mKYf;Ff; nfhz;L
te;jJ. ,e;j xg;ge;jk; gzpahsH> Fitj;jpa Ml;NrHg;G KftH kw;Wk; Ntiy
toq;FNthuhy; ifr;rhj;jplg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. epHzapf;fg;gl;l xg;ge;j
mKy;gLj;jy; xU Kf;fpakhd eltbf;ifahf ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> mJ njhopy;
rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Vida njhopyhsHfSf;F toq;fg;gLfpd;w ghJfhg;Gf;fis tpl
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F toq;fg;gLfpd;w ghJfhg;G gy tiffspYk;
413 mNj Mjhu %yk;.
414 tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kw;Wk; njhopy; toq;FdHfSf;fhd Ntiytha;g;G xg;ge;jk; (I.m.,)
mKy;gLj;jg;gl;lJ 1> Vg;gpuy; 2007> cWg;Giu 2-3.
415 njhopy; njhlHG xOq;F tpjpffs; kPjhd ngluy; rl;lk;> cWg;Giufs;63-67>70> 74-75> 144-146.
416 RahjPdkhd njhopw; rq;fq;fspd; rHtNjr $l;likg;G> njhopw; rq;f chpik kPwy;fspd;
tUlhe;j kjpg;gha;T 2006 (gpwry;];: ICFTU, 2006) , http://www.icftu.org/www/pdf/survey06-EN.pdf (accessed September 6, 2007), pp. 364-365.
146
Fiwthdjhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; cs;sJ Nghd;Nw
Fitj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd epak ju xg;ge;jk;>
njhopy; rl;lj;jpy; toq;fg;gLk; ghJfhg;GfSf;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfisAk;
cs;slf;FtJ Nghd;wNjhH Kiwf;fhd jFe;j khw;wPl;Lj; jpl;lkhf
fhzg;gltpy;iy.
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd jdpahd kw;Wk; gytPdkhd ghJfhg;Gfs; ngz;
gzpahsHfs; kPJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;s ,ayhjsT ghugl;rkhd jhf;fq;fisf;
nfhz;Ls;sJ. epHzapf;fg;gl;l rl;l ghJfhg;GfspypUe;J tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfis jtpHj;jikahdJ rHtNjr rl;lq;fspy; Ngh\pf;fg;gLk;
ghugl;rkw;w Nfhl;ghLfspd; fPo; jilnra;ag;gl;l ghy; mbg;gilapyhd
epahakw;w NtWgl;l ghugl;rj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjhf mikfpwJ.
ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd midj;J tpjkhd ghugl;rq;fisAk; ,y;yhnjhopf;Fk;
(CEDAW) rkthak;> Fbapay; kw;Wk; murpay; chpikfs; kPjhd rHtNjr
rkthak; (ICCPR),417 kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfspd; rkthak; vd;gd
ghy;> nkhop> Njrpak; my;yJ r%f Njhw;wk; my;yJ NtW me;j];J fhuzk;
vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; ghugl;rj;ij jil nra;fpd;wd. tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfSf;fhd Fiwe;j ghJfhg;G mjd; ntspj;Njhw;wj;jpy;
eLepiyahdjhf Njhd;wpdhYk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSs; ngUk;ghd;ikahd
gFjpahfTs;s ngz;fs; kPJ ,J NtWgl;l jhf;fq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy;
njhopy; rl;lq;fspypUe;J tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis jtpHj;jikahdJ mtHfs;
ehl;bd; gpuirfsw;wtH kw;Wk; mNjNghd;W ghy; mbg;gil vd;w hPjpapy; ,U
tifahd ghugl;rj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. ngz; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;
417 Fbapay; kw;Wk; murpay; chpikfSf;fhd rHtNjr rkthak;> “muRfs; ve;jg;
ghFghl;ilAk; jil nra;tJld; midj;J egHfsk; ,dk;> epwk;> ghy;epiy> nkhop> khjk;>
murpay; my;yJ NtW mgpg;gpuhaq;fs;> Njrpa my;yJ r%f Njhw;wk;> Mjdk;> gpwg;G my;yJ
gpw me;j];J Nghd;w ve;jnthU mbg;gilapYkhd ghugl;rq;fSf;F vjpuhf midj;J
egHfSf;Fk; rkdhdJk;> gaDWjp kpf;fJkhd ghJfhg;ig cj;juthjg;gLj;j Ntz;Lnkd” $WfpwJ. Fbapay; kw;Wk; murpay; chpikfSf;fhd rHtNJr rkthaj;ij (ICCPR) mHj;jg;gLj;Jk; nghWg;igf; nfhz;l I.eh. kdpj chpikfs; rig> rkthaj;jpd; ghy;epiy
njhlHghd ghugl;rj;ij ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd midj;J tpjkhd td;Kiwfis
,y;yhnjhopf;Fk; rHtNjr rkthaj;jpy; (CEDAW) gad;gLj;jg;gl;l thHj;ijfisf; nfhz;Nl
mHj;jg;gLj;jpaJ. ghugl;rkpd;ik njhlHghd mjd; nghJf;Fwpg;gpy; I.eh kdpj chpikfs; rig
ICCPR ,d; ghugl;rkpd;ik njhlHghd Vw;ghl;il mHj;jg;gLj;Jtjw;F CEDAW ,y; ghugl;rk; Fwpj;J $wg;gl;bUe;j tiutpyf;fzj;ij gad;gLj;jpaJ> MfNt ghugl;rk; vd;w nrhy; “ve;j NtWghLfs;> tpyf;Fjy;> fl;Lg;gLj;jy; my;yJ tpUg;G ...... kw;Wk; midj;J egHfshYk;
midj;J chpikfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fspd; XH rkdhd jd;ikapy; midj;J egHfshYk;
mq;fPfhpf;fg;gly;> mDgtpj;jy; my;yJ mg;gpahrpj;jy; vd;gtw;iw ,y;yhjhf;Fk; my;yJ
gytPdg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fk; my;yJ jhf;fk; nfhz;l ve;j mbg;gilapYk; mHj;jg;gLk;gb Ghpe;J
nfhs;sg;gLk;.” If;fpa ehLfs; kdpj chpikr; rig nghJf;Fwpg;G 18> ghugl;rkpd;ik (31tJ
mkHT> 1989)> kdpj chpikfs; xg;ge;j mikg;Gf;fspdhy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l
nghJf;Fwpg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; nghJg; ghpe;Jiufs;. I.eh Mtzk; HRI/GEN/Rev,6 (2003), g. 146> ge;jp 6-7.
147
Ntiytha;g;Gfspd;NghJ ,U tifapyhd ghugl;rj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gLtjhf
rHtNjr njhopy; ];jghdk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Vnddpy;> KjyhtJ mtHfs;
ntspNjrj;jtH ,jdhy; Mz; gzpahsHfSk; vjpH nfhs;Sk; mNj
ghugl;rj;ij vjpHnfhs;fpd;wdH@ ,uz;lhtjhf mtHfs; ngz;fshf
cs;sgbahy; mtHfsJ nrhe;j ehl;bd; my;yJ gzpnra;Ak; ehl;bd;
ghJfhf;fg;gLk; kuGhPjpapyhd csg;ghq;Ffspdhy; mjpfk;
ghjpf;fg;gLgtHfshf cs;sdH.418
nghJthf gpuirfsy;yhjtHfs;> mtHfs;
me;epaH vd;w me;j];jpd; mbg;gilapy; ghugl;rq;fspypUe;J
tpLtpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd chpj;JilatHfs;. rpy tpjptpyf;Ffisj; jtpu ,J
njhopy; ghJfhg;Gf;F gpuNahfpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. Fbapay; kw;Wk; murpay;
chpikfSf;fhd rHtNjr rkthaj;jpd; ghugl;rkpy;yhikf;fhd cj;juthjk;
Njrpaj;jpd; mbg;gilapyhd ghugl;rj;ij jilnra;fpwJ.419
Fbapay; kw;Wk;
murpay; chpikfSf;fhd rHtNjr rkthaj;ij mHj;jg;gLj;Jk; nghWg;igf;
nfhz;bUe;j If;fpa ehLfspd; kdpj chpikfs; rig> “rkthaj;jpd; xt;nthU chpiffSNk gpuirfs; kw;Wk; me;epaHfSf;fpilapy; ghugl;rq;fspd;wp
cj;juthjQ; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gJ nghJthd tpjpahFk;. rkthaj;jpy;
ghugl;rkpd;id njhlHghf cj;juthjk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;s chpikfspd; nghJthd
Njitg;ghl;bd; mD$yj;ij me;epaHfs; ngWfpd;wdH.”420
rHtNjr rl;lq;fs; $l rl;lj;jpd; Kd;dhy; rkj;Jtj;ijAk; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;
rkdhd ghJfhg;igAk; cj;juthjg;gLj;JfpwJ.421
Fbapay; kw;Wk; murpay;
chpikfSf;fhd rHtNjr rkthaj;jpd; fPo; ehl;bd; epahahjpf;fj;Jf;F cl;gl;l
midj;J kf;fSk; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; rkj;Jtkhd ghJfhg;Gf;F
chpj;JilatHfshtH.422 ,e;j ghJfhg;Gf;fs; gpuirfsy;yhjtHfs; kw;Wk;
418 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs;> 87 rHtNjr njhopy; kfhehL 10
(1999) ge;jp 367. mwpf;iffspd; kPsha;T> Kd;Ndw;ghl;Lr; rig kw;Wk; cyf
kfhehl;Lf;fhd Ma;Tfs; kw;Wk; Vida Mtzq;fs;: nrayhsH ehafj;jpd; Fwpg;G@
I.eh Mtzk; A/CONF:189/PC.2/23 (2001) > ge;jp 22. 419 ICCPR gpuirfSf;F rpy Fwpj;j chpikfis xJf;FfpwJ. ICCPR ,d; cWg;Giu 25
gpuirfs; nghJ tptfhuq;fspy; gq;Fgw;Wtjw;F> thf;fspg;gjw;F kw;Wk; gjtpfis tfpg;gjw;F
kw;Wk; nghJr; NritfSf;fhd rkdhd nghJthd Kiwfs; %yk; mZFtjw;fhd
chpikfisj; njspthf $WfpwJ. ICCPR cWg;Giu 25> ICCPR cWg;Giu 12. I.eh kdpj
chpikfs; rigapd; nghJf;Fwpg;G 15 ,y;> ICCPR ,d; flg;ghL cWg;Giu 25 ,y;
mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;L gpuirfSf;F kl;Lk; gpuNahfpf;fg;glf; $ba chpikfisj; jtpu mur jug;gpd;
Ml;Gy vy;iyf;Fs; cs;s ve;j ntspehl;ltUf;Fk; gpuNahfpf;fg; glf;$banjd;fpwJ. I. eh
kdpj chpikfs; rig nghJf;Fwpg;G 15> rkthaj;jpd; fPo; me;epah;fspd; epiy (27 tJ mkHT>
1986)> kdpj chpikfs; xg;ge;j mikg;Gfspdhy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l nghJf;Fwpg;Gfs; kw;Wk;
nghJg; ghpe;Jiufspd; njhFg;G. I.eh Mtzk; HRI/GEN/1/Rev. 6 (2003), g. 140> ge;jp 2. 420 I.eh kdpj chpikfs; rig> nghJf;Fwpg;G 15> rkthaj;jpd; fPo; me;epaHfspd; epiy. ge;jp
2.
421 rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; gpufldk; (UDHR) cWg;Giu 7@ ICCPR cWg;Giu 26.
422 “rl;lk; ve;jtifahd ghugl;rq;fisAk; jilnra;tJld; ve;jnthU mbg;gilapYk;
midj;J egHfSf;Fk; rkdhdJk; gaDWjpkpf;f ghJfhg;Gf;F cj;juthjk; mspj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.....” ICCPR cWg;Giu 26.
148
ngz;fisAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. Mjyhy; njhopy; rl;lq;fs; Nghd;w Ntiy
epiyikfs; my;yJ Ntjdq;fs; kPJ nraw;gLk; ghJfhg;G epahahjpf;fq;fs;
gpuirfsy;yhjtHfs; kw;Wk; ngz;fSf;F rkdhf gpuNahfpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.423
FbtuT rl;l xOq;F tpjpfs;
rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpYs;s
fghyh (Kafala) my;yJ mDruiz Kiw Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; xU
Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J kw;nwhU Ntiynfhs;NthUf;F khwpr; nry;Yk;
jpwid> mjhtJ mtHfsJ njhopy;rhH efHjd;ikia mjpfsTf;F
fl;Lg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,e;j “mDruidr; rl;lq;fs;” Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfsJ tprh
mDkjpfis Fwpj;j Ntiynfhs;NthH> my;yJ “mDruidahsH” vd;NghUld; gpizg;gJ> eilngWk; J\;gpuNahfk; kw;Wk; Ruz;ly;fspd;
mjpfstpyhd mghaq;fSld; gzpahw;w nra;fpd;wJ. ,e;j FbtuT xOq;F
tpjpfs;> Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;ifapy;
mtHfsJ njhpTfis fLikahf fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd;
mDruidr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs;> ,e;j ehLfspy;
gzpGhptjw;fhd xU tprh mDkjpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F cs;@H
mDruidahsH xUthpd; Njitiaf; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;> mDruidahsH
Gyk;ngaH gzpahsuJ rl;lhPjpahd milahs ml;ilf;fhd mjpfhuj;ijf;
nfhz;Ls;shH. mDruidahsHfs; gzpahsHfsJ tprh mDkjp
kPs;GJg;gpj;jiy fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjhy;> Ntiynfhs;NthH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ
tprh mDkjp fhyhtjpahf mDkjpg;gjd; %yk; mtHfsJ njhopy;
xg;ge;;jj;ij KbTWj;j KbAk;. Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; jq;fs; Ntiyia
tpl;L tpyf KbAkh vd;gjidAk; Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; fl;Lg;gLj;j KbAk;.
Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsH jdJ Ntiynfhs;Nthiu khw;wk; nra;J
nfhs;tjw;F Muk;g mDruidahsH khw;wg; gj;jpunkhd;iw toq;Fjy;
Ntz;Lk;. ,J tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Mshfpd;w
epiyikfspYk; $l mtHfsJ Ntiy khWtjw;fhd Ntz;LNfhs;
vNjr;rhjpfhukhd Kiwapy; kWf;fg;gLtjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fs;
cs;sjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ tprh mDkjpfs;
Fwpj;jnjhU Ntiynfhs;NthUld; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gjhy;> mtH xU
J\;gpuNahf Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;gp XLifapy;> mg;ngz; jdJ
rl;lhPjpahd FbtuT me;j];ij ,og;gJld; jLj;J itf;fg;gly; my;yJ
ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaw;wg;gLtjw;fhd Mgj;ij vjpH nfhs;fpd;whH.
423 “NtWghlhd elj;ij my;yJ ifahSjy; epahakhdjhfTk;> Fwpf;Nfhs; kw;Wk;
rkthaj;jpd; fPo rl;lG+Htkhd ,yf;if miltjw;fhd Nehf;fj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;ifapy;
xt;nthU NtWghlhd ifahSjy;fs; ghugl;rj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjhf mikahnjd rig
Nehf;FfpwJ. I.eh kdpj chpikfs; rig> nghJf;Fwpg;G 18> ghugl;rkpd;ik> ge;jp 13.
149
rT+jp mNugpahtpy;> Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ehl;il tpl;L vg;nghOJ
ntspNawyhk; vd;gijf; $l mDruidahsHfs; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. rT+jp
mNugpa murhq;fk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaWtjw;fhd
mDkjpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd Ntz;LfpwJ> Mdhy; ,J
mDruidahsuhy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspy;
gzpf;fhf ,yq;if gzpg;ngz;fis Ml;NrHg;gjpy; 30 tUl mDgtj;ijf;
nfhz;l xU njhopy; KftH tpsf;Fifapy; gzpapy; Kjy; %d;W khjq;fs;
fope;j gpd; jq;fs; njhopy; xg;ge;jj;jpypUe;J tpyf tpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; mjw;fhd ePjpkd;w cj;juT kw;Wk; ntspNaWtjw;fhd xU tprh
mDkjp vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. “,ijg; ngWtjw;fhf rT+jp
mNugpahtpy;> gzpg;ngz; J}jufj;jpw;F nry;y Ntz;Lk;. J}jufk; mtiu
ePjpkd;wj;Jf;F mioj;Jr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;> mq;f ePjpgjp mg;ngz;iz
xg;ge;jj;jpypUe;J tpLtpg;gjh> ,y;iyah vd;gij jPHkhdpg;gH.
Ntiynfhs;NthH xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnahg;gkpl;L gpd; mjid ntsptptfhu
mikr;R Kj;jpiuapLtJ ‘rl;lkag;gLj;jy;’ vdg;gLfpwJ.”424 r%f tptfhu
mikr;Rk; Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; rk;kjj;ij ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahj tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfsJ ntspNaWtjw;fhd tprh mDkjpia ngWtjw;fhd
nra;KiwfSf;nfd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F jdpahd gphpTfis elhj;Jfpd;wd.
Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehl;bypUe;J mtHfsJ
mDruidahshpd; mDkjpapy;yhky; ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaWtjw;fhd tprh
mDkjpia ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ. mDruidahsHfis ,t;tpjk;
mjpfhug;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;> rT+jp murhq;fk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ Rje;jpukhd
elkhl;lj;Jf;fhd chpikia kPWfpwJ. ntspNaWtjw;fhd tprh mDkjpia
vNjr;rhjpfhukhf kWg;gJk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis fl;lha Ntiyf;Fs;shf;Fk;
epiyf;Fj; js;SfpwJ.
If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; mz;ikapy; mjd; njhopy; rl;l tpjpfs; gytw;iw
kPsha;T nra;tJld; rhjfkhd rPHjpUj;jq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;JfpwJ. If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; khWjy; rl;lq;fspy; mz;ikapy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;l
NghjpYk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Gjpa xU mDruidahshplk; khw;wpf;
nfhs;tjpyhd fl;Lg;ghLfs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F
Mshf;Ftjw;fhd epiyikfSf;F cl;gLj;Jfpd;wd. If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy;> ngg;nuthp 2006 ,y; nfhz;L tug;gl;l khw;w
Kiwfspyhd rPHjpUj;jk;> mDruidahsHfis khw;w tpUk;Gk;
gzpahsHfSf;fhd xU tUl Ntiyj;jilia ePf;fpaJ. ,jw;F
Kd;dH ,Ue;j Kiwg;gb tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mDruidahsHfis
khw;wKbahJ. mDruidahsHfsJ Ntiyfis tpl;L tpyFtJ mtHfsJ
424 Xa;T ngw;w njhopy; KftUldhd (ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) kdpj chpikfs;
fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006.
150
tprh mDkjpia ,uj;Jr; nra;tjpy; KbtilfpwJ. Ntiynfhs;Nthiu khw;w
tpUk;GgtHfSf;F If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; gzpGhptjw;F xUtUlj; jil
tpjpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. vt;thwhapDk; jpUj;jp mikf;fg;gl;l khWjy; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;>
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; jq;fis Kjypy; gzpf;fkHj;jpa
Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J “Ml;Nrgidapy;iy vd;gjw;fhdnjhU rhd;wpjio” ngw;w gpd;dH my;yJ mtHfsJ njhopy; xg;ge;j fhyj;ij G+Hj;jp nra;j
gpd;dUk; kw;Wk; Lghapy; 1500 buhk;fSk; (408 m.nlhyHfs;) kw;Wk; If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; 500 buhk;fs; tiuapYkhd (136 m.nlhyHfs;) tprh
khw;w mDkjpf; fl;lzj;ij gzpahsHfs; nrYj;jpa gpd;dH jq;fs;
mDruidahsHfis khw;wpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.425
If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy;
Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;Fs;shd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd
xNunahU eyd;fhf;Fk; epiyaj;jpd; gzpg;ghsuhd \Hdh Krhgp $Wifapy;>
“Kjypy; Ntiyf;fkHj;JgtHfspy; gyH Ml;Nrgid ,y;iy vd;gjw;fhd
rhd;wpjio toq;fhkypUg;gjd; %yk; jq;fs; gzpahsHfis jz;bg;gjd; %yk;
mtHfs; ehl;bypUe;J ntspNaWtjw;F fl;lhag;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. VidatHfs;
gzpahsHfs; kPJ gy khjq;fspypUe;J xUtUlk; tiuapyhd jilia
tpjpf;fpd;wdH. ,J mtHfs; ehl;bDs; Eiotjw;Nfh my;yJ me;jf; fhyg;
gFjpapy; NtW Ntiyfisj; NjLtijNah jLf;fpwJ.”426 ,uz;L khjq;fSf;F
Ntjdk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy my;yJ ePjpkd;wj;jpy; xU njhopy; tof;F
cs;snjd ep&gpg;gtHfSf;F rl;lk; tpyf;fspj;J Kjy; mDruidahsuJ
mDkjpapy;yhky; mDruid khw;w Ntz;LNfhspw;F mDkjpj;jhYk;
eilKiwapy; Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik ep&gpg;gJ fbdkhdnjd;gJld;
Fiwe;jstpyhd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfNs ePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;Ffs;
njhlHe;Js;sdH.
Fitj;jpy;> cs;tptfhu mikr;R tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ xg;ge;jq;fis
xf;NlhgH 1> 2006 ,ypUe;J epHzapf;fg;gl;l juj;jpw;Fl;gLj;jpaJ. Gjpa Kiw
Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfSf;fhd mDruid tpjpfis khw;wpaJld; mDruid
khw;wq;fSf;F KOikahf jil tpjpj;jJ. ,J J\;gpuNahf Ntiy
epiyikfspypUe;J jg;gpNahl tpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kPJ kpfTk;
ghjfkhd tpisTfis nfhz;bUf;fyhk;.427
epHzapf;fg;gl;l juj;jpyhd
xg;ge;jj;jpd; fPo; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kw;nwhU
425 g];kh my; [d;lyp> “gzpg;ngz;fs; kPjhd jPHkhdk; midj;Jj; jug;gpdUf;Fk;
ed;ikaspf;Fk;> mjpfhhpfs; $Wfpd;wdH”> fy;g; epA+]; (Lgha;> I.m.,) Mf];l; 22> 2006.
http://www.archive.gulfnews.com/indepth/labour/visas_and_the_law/10061828.html (accessed September 6,2007). 426 \Hdh KrhgpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; kpd;dQ;ry; njhlHghly;.
(ek;gpf;ifapd; efH/ngz;fs; kw;Wk; rpWtHfSf;fhd Lgha; epiyak;) nrg;nlk;gH 29> 2007.
427 epHzapf;fg;gl;l ju xg;ge;jq;fs;> tpLtpf;fk; fbjnkhd;wpy; ifnaOj;jpLtjd; %ykhd
Kd;ida mDruidahsuJ rk;kjj;Jld;> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;nfhU
jlit kl;Lk; NtnwhU tprh mDruidahsUf;F khWtij mDkjpj;j Kd;ida
gzpg;Giuia khw;wPL nra;jJ.
151
Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; ,Ug;gplj;jpw;F khwpr; nry;tijNah my;yJ
Fitj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ NtnwhU Ntiyiaj; NjLtijNah
mDkjpf;ftpy;iy> MapDk; ,jw;Fg; gjpyhf mtH jdJ Ntiynfhs;Nthiu
tpl;L tpyFthuhapUe;jhy; my;yJ Ntiynfhs;NthH mtHfs; xg;ge;jj;ij
KbTWj;jpdhy; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaw;wg;gLtH.428
Ml;NrHg;G KftHfspd; ,izg;ghd Fitj;jpd; tPl;Lj; njhopy;
mYtyfq;fspd; rq;f (KUDLO) nghJ KfhikahsH `rPk; k[Pl; ,e;j
Vw;ghl;il Fiw $wpdhH.429
Fitj;jpa murhq;fk; nra;tjw;F
vz;zpajhf
2005 ,y; mwptpj;j NghjpYk;> ,t;twpf;ifia vOJk;tiu rPHjpUj;jk;
nra;ag;gl;l mDruidr; rl;lk; mKYf;F tutpy;iy.430
Fitj;jpa
mikr;rHfshy; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl mDruid Kiwfspy; rhj;jpakhd
rPHjpUj;jq;fs; Fwpj;J Muha;tjw;F %d;W Ma;Tfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtjhf
r%f tptfhu kw;Wk; njhopy; mikr;R njhptpj;j NghjpYk; ,e;jr;
rPHjpUj;jq;fs; epHzapf;fg;gl;l juj;jpyhd xg;ge;jq;fspd; khWjy; gw;wpa
Vw;ghLfis NkYWkh vd;gJ njsptw;wjhf cs;sJ.431
Kiwaplg;gl;l J\;gpuNahfq;fis tprhhpj;jy; kw;Wk; tof;F
njhLj;jy;
Kiwaplg;gl;l J\;gpuNahfq;fis tprhhpj;jy; kw;Wk; tof;Fj; njhLg;gjpy;
jilfSs;s gy rk;gtq;fis kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;
Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,r;rk;gtq;fspy; Neubahf gpuNahfpf;fj;jf;ftifapy;
Fw;wtpay; rl;lq;fs; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; ,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;fs; njhptpj;j
J\;gpuNahfq;fs; gw;wp tprhhpj;J tof;Fj; njhLg;gjw;F rT+jp mNugpah>
Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpYs;s mjpfhhpfs;
jtwpdH. J\;gpuNahfq;fis tprhhpj;jy; kw;Wk; tof;Fj; njhLj;jy;fspy;
gytpjkhd jilfis vjpHnfhs;fpd;wdH. J\;gpuNahfq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
Ntiynfhs;NthUf;F vjpuhf Kiwg;ghLfisg; gjpT nra;Ak; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; jpUl;L Nghd;w gjpy; Fw;wr; rhl;L mr;RWj;jy;fsf;F Kfk;
nfhLf;fpd;wdH. gy re;jHg;gq;fspy; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; jq;fs;
428 mfkJ rf;fhhpah> “tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; khWtjw;fhd jil xf;NlhgH Kjyhk;
jpfjpapypUe;J mKy;” nla;yp ];uhH Fitj; gjpg;G> Mf];l; 26-27> 2006.
429 mNj Mjhu%yk;.
430 RahjPd tHj;jf rq;fq;fspd; rHtNjr xd;wpak;> tHj;jf rq;f chpikfspd; kPwy;fspd;
tUlhe;j kjpg;gha;T> g.364.
431 “mDruid Kiw khw;wPLfs;”> Fitj; ilk;];> Nk 18> 2007.
http://www.kuwaittimes.net/read_news.php?newsid=MTUONDYxMzYwMg== (accessed September 6, 2007).
152
Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; KOg; ngaH my;yJ Kfthpfs; vd;gtw;iw
njhpahJs;sikahdJ Kiwg;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ntiynfhs;Nthiu
mjpfhhpfs; Njbf; fz;Lgpbg;gij fbdkhf;FfpwJ. xU gzpahsH $Wifapy;>
“J}juf cj;jpNahfj;hHfs; v[khdJ njhiyNgrp ,yf;fj;ijf; Nfl;ldH>
mtHfs; nghyprhiu mioj;J mtiu gpbg;gjw;F Kaw;rpj;jdH......... vq;fsplk;
njhiyNgrp ,yf;fk; ,y;iy> Kfthp ,y;iy> vq;fshy; vd;d nra;a KbAk;?
vd mtHfs; vd;dplk; $wpdhHfs;. vdf;F v[khdpd; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fk;
njhpahJ”> vd;whH.432 Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfs; rpy
rkaq;fspy; jq;fs; Kfthp khw;wq;fis gjpT nra;tjpy;iy.
Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; jkf;fpilNaahd Ntiy toq;Fjy; khw;wq;fis my;yJ
Kfthp khw;wq;fis gjpT nra;aj; jtWkplj;J ,yq;ifj; J}jufk; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfsJ njhlHGfis ,oe;J tpLfpwJ> mNjNghd;W J\;gpuNahfq;fis
Nkw;nfhs;Sfpd;w Ntiy nfhs;Nthiu Njbg; gpbg;gJk; rpukkhfpd;wJ.
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j gy Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; njhptpf;ifapy;> jhk; gzpnra;Ak; ehl;bd; mjpfhhpfsplk; cjtp
NfhUk;nghOJ ,t;tjpfhhpfs; ,t;tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ahhplkpUe;J jg;gp cjtp
Nfhhp te;jdNuh mtHfsplNk kPz;Lk; jq;fis gpbj;Jf; ifaspg;gjhf
$wpdhH. rT+jp mNugpahtpy; v];. nghd;dk;kh jdJ
Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;gpNahb nghyprhhpd; cjtpia ehbaNghJk;
nghyprhH jd;id kPz;Lk; me;j Ntiynfhs;NthhplNk jdJ tpUg;gj;jpw;F
vjpuhf ifaspj;jjhf kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;Jf;F $wpdhH:
ehd; xU Kiw jg;gp te;J> nghyprhhplk; nrd;Nwd;. vd;id
J}jufj;Jf;F nfhz;L nrd;W tpLk;gb mtHfis Nfl;Lf;
nfhz;Nld;. ,J fle;j khjk; 22k; jpfjp (etk;gH 2006)
eilngw;wJ. mtHfs; vd;id jpUk;gTk; vdJ
Ntiynfhs;NthhplNk mioj;Jr; nrd;W tpl;ldH. rpwpJ Neuk;
vd;id nghyp]; epiyaj;jpy; itj;jpUe;jdH. gpd;dH xU rpNu\;l
mjpfhhp te;jhH. ehd; vdJ fhaq;fisf; fhl;b Kiwapl;Nld;.
vd;id v[khd; jhf;fp> mbj;jjhf Kiwapl;Nld;. v[khd; jhd;
me;j Ntisapy; tPl;by; ,Uf;fNtapy;iy vd;W $wpdhH. gpd;dH
mtHfs; v[khd; vdf;F rk;gsk; nfhLj;jhuh vd;W Nfl;ldH.
vdf;F fle;j xd;wiu tUlkhf rk;gsk; vJTk; jutpy;iynadf;
$wpNdd;. ehd; kPz;Lk; v[khdplk; jpUk;gpg; Nghf kWj;Njd;.
vd;id J}jufj;jpy; nfhz;L nrd;W tpLk;gb typAWj;jpf; Nfl;Lf;
nfhz;Nld;. nghyprhH “ehq;fs; cd;id v[khd; tPl;by; my;y>
J}jufj;jpNyNa nfhz;L Ngha; tpLfpNwhk;”> vd;W $wpdhH.
nghyprhH> vd;id J}jufj;jpy; tpl;Ltpl;L NghFk;gb v[khdplk;
432 v];. nghd;dk;khTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. hpahj;> rT+jp
mNugpah> brk;gH 14> 2006.
153
$wpdH> MapDk; v[khd; kPz;Lk; vd;id tPl;bw;Nf mioj;J
te;jhH. Vd; vd;id kWgbAk; cq;fs; tPl;bw;F mioj;J
tUfpwPHfs; vdf; Nfl;Nld;> mjw;F v[khd; cd;id tPl;bw;F
mDg;Gtjw;F vd;dplk; gzk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;W $wpdhH.
mjw;F ehd;> gzk; ,y;iynad;why; Vd; vd;id Ntiyf;F
mkHj;jpdPHfs;? vdf; Nfl;Nld;. v[khdp vd;id fLikahf
mbj;jhH. “rT+jp mNugpahtpy; vq;F eP jg;gpg; NghdhYk; mtHfs;
gpbj;J ,q;Nfjhd; mDg;GthHfs;. cd;idf; nfhd;why; $l
nghyprhH vq;fSf;F xd;Wk; nrhy;ykhl;lhHfs;. eP
jg;gpNahbapUf;fhtpl;lhy; cd;idf; nfhd;W Fg;igapy;
tPrpapUg;Nghk;”> vd;W vd;dplk; $wpdhh;. vdf;F clk;ngy;yhk;
typf;fpwJ. vd;dhy; typ jhq;f Kbatpy;iy.433
gpd;dH mtH ,uz;lhk; jlitAk; jg;gp te;J nghyprhhplk;
nry;yhky; ,yq;ifj; J}jufj;Jf;Nf nrd;whH> Vnddpy; kw;WNkhH ,yq;ifaH
mthplk; nghyprhH jpUk;gTk; Ntiynfhs;NthhplNk ifaspg;gH vd
vr;rhpj;jpUe;jhH.
rpy rk;gtq;fspy;> nghyprhhplkpUe;J tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; cjtpia ehba
nghOjpYk; mtHfs; Njitahd cjtpiag; ngwtpy;iy. ,e;j mjpfhhpfs;
gzpahsHfspd; tpUg;gpw;F khwhf mtHfis jpUk;gTk; mtHfsJ
Ntiynfhs;NthhplNk kPz;Lk; ifaspf;fpd;wdH my;yJ Kiwg;ghL
nra;ag;gl;l J\;gpuNahfk; gw;wp tprhuiz nra;aj; jtWfpd;wdH. taJ 26>
lgps;A+. nry;tFkhhp vDk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsH vkf;Fj; njhptpf;ifapy;> rT+jp
mNugpahtpy; xd;gJ khjq;fshf mtuJ Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; mtuJ
kfdpd; ghypay; njhy;iyfis rfpj;Jf; nfhz;l gpd; ,Wjpapy; jg;gpNahb
nghyprhhpd; cjtpia ehbdhH. nghyprhH jd;id kPz;Lk; nfhz;L nrd;w
mNj Ntiynfhs;Nthhplk; xg;gilj;jjhf mtH vq;fSf;Ff; $wpdhH:
ehd; nghyprhUf;F thf;F%ynkhd;iw nfhLj;Njd;. vdJ Ntiy
nfhs;NthH ey;y elj;ijAilatuhf ,y;iynad Kiwg;ghL
nfhLj;Njd;....... ifapy; nghpaNjhH nghy;iy itj;Jf; nfhz;L>
“eP vg;gb ,q;F vd;dplk; te;jha;?” vd nghyp]; mjpfhhp vd;id
kpul;bdhH. “ehd; jdpNa> ahuJ cjtpAkpy;yhky; te;Njd;>“ vdf; $wpNdd;. me;j nghyp]; vdJ Kiwg;ghl;il vOjpf; nfhz;L
kPz;Lk; vdJ v[khdplNk vd;id xg;gilj;jdH. nghyp];
433 Mjhu %yk;.
154
vd;id ,d;ndhU tPl;Lf;F khw;Wtjhff; $wpaNghJk; vd;id
kPz;Lk; mNj v[khdplk; xg;gilj;jdH.434
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; tof;F njhLg;gjpYk; jilfis vjpHnfhs;fpd;wdH. rT+jp
mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;
my;yJ ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;L mYtyfq;fspypUe;J cjtpfis
ehLk;nghOJ> Kiwg;ghl;il vq;Nf> vg;gb gjpT nra;tJ vd;gjpyhd
jfty;fis mNefk; ngWtjpy;iy. NkYk; Fw;wtpay; tof;f Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
nghOJ tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; tof;F eilngWk; ehl;bNy> Ntiyapd;wp
jq;fpapUf;f Ntz;bajhfTs;sJ. mtHfs; Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; ngha;ahd
jpUl;L my;yJ tpgr;rhuq;fspy; <Lgl;ljhf gjpYf;f Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gLfpd;wdH.
mj;Jld; mtHfs; ghypay; ty;YwTf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;bUg;gpDk; $l tpgr;rhuk;
my;yJ rk;kjj;Jldhd clYwT vd;gtw;Wf;fhf tof;Fj;
njhlug;glYf;Fs;shFk; mr;RWj;jYf;Fk; Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH. RahjPd
njhopy; rq;fq;fspd; rHtNjr xd;wpak; (ICFTU) Fwpg;gpLifapy;> If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; nfhs;if hPjpahf tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ePjpkd;wq;fis
ehl KbAkhf ,Ue;jhYk; $l> “kpf mjpfstpy; ,t;tpjk; eilngWtjpy;iy>
rl;l eltbf;iffSf;fhd fl;lzq;fs; kw;Wk; gopthq;fg;glyhk; vd;w mr;rk;
my;yJ ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaw;wg;gly; vd;gd cj;jpNahfG+Htkhd
eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gLtjpypUe;J gpd;thq;fr; nra;fpd;wd.”435
rhl;rpfs; ,y;yhik kw;WnkhU jil nra;Ak; fhuzpahf cs;sJ> Vnddpy;
J\;gpuNahf tof;Ffs; jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; eilngWtJld; rhj;jpakhd
J\;gpuNahf rk;gtq;fis ,dk; fz;L> rk;ge;jg;gl;l rhl;rpfis jpul;Ltjpy;
nghyprhUf;F Nghjpa gapw;rpfspy;yhJk; cs;sdH.
434 lgps;A+. nry;tFkhhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.
fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 9> 2006.
435 RahjPd njhopw; rq;fq;fspd; rHtNjr xd;wpak;> njhopw; rq;f chpikfspd; kPwy;fspd;
tUlhe;j kjpg;gha;T 2006> g.374.
155
VI. KbTiu kw;Wk; ghpe;Jiufs;
,yq;if murhq;fk;> ,yq;ifapd; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd;
chpikfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Kf;fpakhd Kaw;rpfis vLj;Js;s
NghjpYk; ,e;j mwpf;if Rl;bf; fhl;LtJ Nghy mk;Kaw;rpfs;
Nghjpasthditay;y vd;gJld; mit mtw;wpd; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l
Fwpf;Nfhs;fis miltij cWjp nra;tjw;F Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l
mKy;gLj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; tphpthf;fq;fSila Njitiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; njhopYf;fhf Gyk;ngaUk; nghOJ J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;Fs;shFk;
epiyf;F MshfjpUg;gij cWjp nra;tjw;F ,yq;if murhq;fj;jhy; NkYk;
eltbf;iffis vLf;f KbAk;.
rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy;
epahakhd Ntjdk;> Nkyjpf Neuf; nfhLg;gdT> thuhe;j Xa;T ehl;fs;>
ed;ikfs; kw;Wk; gzpahsH el;l<L cl;gl;l tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F njhopy;
rl;lj;jpd; rkdhd ghJfhg;G toq;Ftjw;F njhopw; rl;lq;fspy; mHj;jKs;sJk;
jhkjq;fSkpd;wpa rPHjpUj;jk; kw;Wk; mKyhf;fk; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd mtru
Njitnahd;W cs;sJ. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; murhq;fq;fSk; jw;nghOJs;s cs;@H Fw;wtpay;
rl;lq;fspy; Nkd;ikahfr; nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;Fk; rl;lg; ghJfhg;Gf;fis
mKy;gLj;JtJld; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd xg;ge;jq;fis xNu
jd;ikahdjhf;FtJld; rh;tNjr kdpj chpikfs; xg;ge;jq;fspd; Xh;
jug;ghd ,t;ntht;nthU ehLfSk; mtw;iw mKy;gLj;JjYk; Ntz;Lk;.
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; gpd;tUk; ghpe;Jiufisf; $WfpwJ:
,yq;if murhq;fj;jpw;F
• Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk;
fz;fhzpj;jiy cWjpahf;Fjy;.
o njhopy; KftHfs; jq;fsJ Jiz KftHfisg; gjpT nra;a
Ntz;Ljy;: Jiz KftHfis mkh;j;Jk; eltbf;iffSf;F
mth;fisNa nghWg;ghf;Fjy;.
o Jiz KftHfs; murhq;fj;jpy; my;yJ mtHfis mkh;j;jpapUf;Fk;
njhopy; KftHfsplk; gjpT nra;a Ntz;Ljy;@ Jiz KftHfshy;
Nkyjpff; fl;lzq;fs; mwtplg;gly; kw;Wk; Vkhw;Wjy; Nghd;wtw;iw
Fiwg;gjw;fhf fl;lzq;fSf;fhd epakq;fs; kw;Wk; Ml;NrHg;G
eilKiwfisj; njspthf tiuaiw nra;jy;@ kw;Wk; tpjpKiwfis
kPWk; Jiz KftHfs; epahakhd jz;lidia vjpH nfhs;tij
156
cWjp nra;jy; Nghd;w tplaq;fs; vDk; topKiwfs; %yk;
Neubahf Jiz KftHfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;.
o njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; kPJ fpukkhd kw;Wk;
RahjPdf; fz;fhzpg;G nghwpKiwia ];jhgpj;jy;. Ml;NrHg;G
KftHfs; kPJ Kd;dwptpj;jy; ,d;wp ghpNrhjidfis elhj;Jjy;.
o njhopy; KftHfs; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ njhopy;
xg;ge;jj;ij KOikahf jkpo; kw;Wk; rpq;fs nkhopfspy;
nkhopngaHg;Gr; nra;tjid cWjpg;gLj;Jjy;.
o Gyk;ngaHtjw;F Kd;dH Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz
KftHfSf;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; nrYj;jpa fl;lzq;fs;
gw;wp ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;jpw;F mwptpf;Fk;
XH nghwpKiwia ];jhgpj;jy;.
o Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehLfspy;> njhopy; KftH epWtdq;fspy;
gzpGhpAk; ,yq;if ehl;ltHfs; gw;wpa Kiwg;ghLfis jPtpukhf
tprhhpj;jwpe;J nfhs;sy;. ,tHfs; gw;wpa jfty;fis tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; jhk; Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehLfspYs;s ntspehl;Lj;
J}jufq;fs; kw;Wk; ,yq;iff;F ehL jpUk;gpaJk; gjpT nra;J
nfhs;tjid mDkjpf;Fk; nghwpKiwfis cUthf;fy;.
rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;
vd;gtw;wpd; ,yq;ifj; J}jufq;fs; kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lg; gpujpepjpfs;
mYtyfq;fspy; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd Nritfis
Nkk;gLj;jy;.
o Fwpg;ghf Ntjdq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;> J\;gpuNahfq;fs;
njhlHghf tprhhpj;J tof;Fj; njhLj;jy; kw;Wk; jLj;J
itf;fg;gl;bUf;ifapy; chpikfs; njhlHghf cjtpia ehLk;
nghOJ Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;gzpahsHfSf;F cjTk; tifapy;
Nghjpastpyhd CopaHfis gzpf;fkHj;Jjy;.
o cstsj;Jiz Nrit toq;fy; kw;Wk; clw;Rfhjhug; guhkhpg;G
kw;Wk; rdneUf;fbiaf; Fiwg;gjw;fhd Nritfis toq;Ftjw;fhd
gapw;rpfis CopaHfSf;F toq;Ftjd; %yk; jq;Fkplq;fs; kw;Wk;
ghJfhg;G ,y;yq;fspy; epiyikfis Nkk;gLj;jy;.
o Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehLfspYs;s ,yq;if ntspehl;Lg;
gzpafq;fspy; gzpahsHfSf;F cjTtjw;fhd tpNrl fUkgPlq;fs;
kw;Wk; tpiuthd njhiyNgrpr; Nritfis toq;fy;@ rT+jp mNugpah>
Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; cly;eyg;
guhkhpg;G cstsj; Jizr;Nrit> jq;Fkplk; kw;Wk; rl;l
cjtpfSf;fhd rpghHRfis toq;fy;.
o rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;
vd;gtw;wpYs;s ,yq;if ntspehl;Lg; gzpaf CopaHfSf;F> XH
Fw;wtpay; Kiwg;ghl;il gjpT nra;jy; my;yJ Ntjdf;
nfhLg;gdtpd;ikia ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaH
157
gzpahsHfSf;F Nritfis toq;Fk; rl;l cjtpr; Nrit
toq;FeHfis xOq;F gz;Zjy; Nghd;wtw;iwf; ifahs;tjpy;
gapw;rpaspj;jy;.
o ,lhpy; rpf;fpapUf;Fk; kw;Wk; jg;gpr; nry;y topapy;yhj my;yJ jg;gpr;
nry;y vj;jdpf;fhj tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis fz;lwpfpd;w XH Kiwia
cUthf;Fjy;. mtrpakhf ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; cs;@H rl;lj;ij
mKyhf;Fk; gphptpdhpd; xj;Jiog;ig ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.
o ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;Lj; J}jufj;ij cjtpf;fhf Kd;dH njhlHG
nfhz;l tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ eyd;fisf; fpukkhf
Nrhjpj;jwptjw;F XH Kiwikia tpUj;jp nra;jy;.
rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpa
murhq;fq;fSld; xj;Jioj;J gu];guk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;glf; $baJk;
eilKiwg;gLj;jf; $baJkhd njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fisAk; kw;Wk;
KiwapLk; gzpahsHfSf;F epthuzj;ij cWjp nra;Ak;
nghwpKiwfisAk; cUthf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.
• tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd Gwg;gLjypd; Kd;djhd jw;Nghija gapw;rpj;
jpl;lj;ij fPo;tUk; MNyhridfs; %yk; Nkk;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;:
○ gapw;rpapy; chpikfs; gw;wpa tpopg;GzHT kw;Wk; me;epa nkhopg;
gapw;rpf;fhd gFjpfis mjpfhpj;jy;.
○ Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehLfspy; kw;Wk; mNjNghd;W ,yq;if jpUk;gpa
gpd; Ntiy nfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfSf;nfjpuhf vt;tpjk;
tof;Ffisf; nfhz;L nry;tJ Nghd;w epthuzq;fisg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;Sk; nghwpKiwfs; gw;wpa $Ljyhd Nkyjpf jfty;fis
mspj;jy;.
○ Ml;NrHg;gpw;fhd fl;lzq;fspd; rl;lG+Htkhd tuk;Gfs; gw;wpa
jfty;fis toq;FtJld; rl;lj;ij kPWk; Ml;NrHg;G KftH kw;Wk;
Jiz KftHfSf;F vjpuhf Kiwg;ghLfisg; gjpT nra;Ak;
nghwpKiwfs; gw;wpa jfty;fisAk; toq;fy;.
○ Gyk;ngaHe;J nry;yg; Gwg;gLk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F mtHfsJ
Ntiy nfhs;NthuJ ngaH> Kfthp kw;Wk;
njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fs;@ ,yq;ifj; J}jufj;jpd; Kfthp>
njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fs;> Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;bd; njhopy; KftuJ
ngaH> Kfthp kw;Wk; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fs;@ Kd;-xOq;F
epuy;gLj;jg;gl;l ,yq;ifj; j}jufj;jpd; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fs;
kw;Wk; VNjDk; cjtp ikaq;fspd; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fisf;
nfhz;l XH njhiyNgrp ml;il@ cs;@H ehzaj;jpy; XH Fwpj;j
njhifapyhd gzk;> flTr;rPl;bd; XH gpujp kw;Wk; mtHfsJ njhopy;
xg;ge;jj;jpd; XH gpujp vd;git mlq;fpa jfty; njhFjpnahd;iwg;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;tij cWjp nra;jy;.
158
Kiwg;ghl;L; nghwpKiwfs; gw;wp gue;jstpy; jfty;fis gug;Giuj;jy;
kw;Wk; ,lHgl;L ehL jpUk;Gk; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F
cstsj;Jiz toq;Fjy; cl;gl Gyk;ngaHe;J jpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfSf;fhd Nritfis Nkk;gLj;jy;.
○ tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ,yq;if jpUk;gpaJk; J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;fhd
Kiwg;ghL nra;aTk; kw;Wk; epthuzq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk;
cs;s nghwpKiwfs; gw;wpg; gfpuq;fg;gLj;Jjy; rpwe;jjhFk;.
kPs;jpUk;Gk; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F rHtNjr tpkhd
epiyaj;jpy; kw;Wk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;jpd;
cjtp toq;Fk; ghJfhg;gplj;jpy; Kiwg;ghL nra;Ak; kw;Wk;
epthuzk; ngWk; nghwpKiwfs; gw;wp tphpthd jfty;fis
toq;Fjy;.
○ rHtNjr tpkhd epiyaj;jpYk; kw;Wk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L
Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;jpd; cjtp toq;Fk; ghJfhg;gplj;jpYk;>
kPs;jpUk;Gk; gzpahsHfspd; Kiwg;ghLfis njhlHr;rpahfTk;>
jPtpukhd KiwapYk; gjpT nra;aTk;. kPs;jpUk;Gk; gzpahsHfsplk;
Nkhrkhd Ntiy nfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfs; njhlHghf
jfty;fisf; Nfl;lwpjy; kw;Wk; ,j;jfty;fis> Fwpg;ghf tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfsJ chpikfs; njhlHghf nrayhw;Wk; rptpy;
r%f ];jhgdq;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; tifapy; gfpuq;fg;gLj;jy;.
ep&gpf;fg;gl;l Nkhrkhd Ntiy nfhs;NthH kw;Wk; Ml;NrHg;G
KftHfis fWg;Gg; gl;baypy; Fwpj;J itj;jpUj;jy;.
○ ,yq;if Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;jpd; cjtp toq;Fk;
ghJfhg;gplj;jpy; kPs;jpUk;Gk; Gyk; ngaHe;j gzpahsHfSf;F
cstsj;Jiz toq;fy;.
○ kPs;jpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F> cstsj;Jiz kw;Wk;
kUj;Jtg; guhkhpg;Gr; Nritfs;> njhopy; KftHfs; my;yJ Ntiy
nfhs;NthUf;nfjpuhf tof;Ffisj; njhlu tpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfSf;fhd rl;l cjtpfs; kw;Wk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd
kPs;jpUk;gypd; gpd;djhd nghUshjhu kw;Wk; kPs;
xUq;fpizj;jYf;fhd cjtpfis toq;Fk; epWtdq;fs; gw;wpf;
Fwpg;gpLk; jfty;fis tpepNahfpj;jy;.
Gyk;ngaHe;J nry;y vz;zpapUf;Fk; ngz;fSf;f VNjDk; kUj;Jtr;
Nrhjidfs; my;yJ fUj;jil kUe;J tiffs; toq;Ftij
RatpUg;gpYk; kw;Wk; mwptpf;fg;gl;l rk;kjj;JlDk; epiwNtw;Wtij
cWjp nra;jy;. Gyk;ngaHe;J nry;y vz;zpAs;s ngz;fs; mtHfsJ
kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfspd; KbTfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tijAk;> me;j
kUj;Jtj; jfty;fspd; ,ufrpaj;jd;ik kjpj;J Ngzg;gLtijAk; cWjp
nra;jy;.
159
Gyk;ngau vz;zpapUf;Fk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F njhopy; KftHfsJ
flg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs;> Jiz KftHfSf;F vjpuhf
Kiwg;ghL nra;Ak; nghwpKiwfs; gw;wpa jfty;fis gug;Giu nra;Ak;
nghJ tpopg;GzHit Vw;gLj;Jk; epfo;r;rpfis tphpthf;fy;.
○ Gyk;ngaHtjw;F vz;Zk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; cs;s fpuhkq;fs;
kw;Wk; cs;@H ,lq;fs; (cjhuzk;: Milj; njhopw;rhiyfs;>
Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fs;) vd;gtw;iw ,yf;F itj;J mtHfSf;F
Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzq;fs; kPjhd rl;l tuk;Gfs;> Ntiy nfhs;Sk;
xt;NthH ehl;bw;Fkhd njhopy; xg;ge;j tpjpfs;> Fiwe;j tl;b
tPjj;jpy; fpilf;Fk; fld; trjpfs; kw;Wk; rl;lj;ij kPWk; Ml;NrHg;G
KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfSf;nfjpuhf Kiwg;ghL nra;Ak;
nghwpKiwfs; gw;wp mwpTWj;jy;.
○ Gyk;ngaHNthH chpikfSf;fhd mikg;GfSld; ,ize;J
Gyk;ngaHtjw;F vz;Zk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Gyk;ngaHtjw;Fj;
jPHkhdj;ij Nkw;nfhz;L XH njhopy; Kftiu ehLtjw;F
Kd;dH ,e;jj; jfty;fis mtHfSf;F fpilf;fr; nra;jy;.
mjpf tl;b tPjj;jpy; fld;fis toq;Fk; jdpahH fld; nfhLg;Nghhpw;F
khw;W topahf Gyk;ngaUk; ngz;fSf;F mur tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; epjp
epWtdq;fspd; fld; trjpfis mjpfhpj;jy;.
○ ,e;jj; jpl;lq;fs; Fiwe;j tl;b tPjj;ijAk;> ePz;l kPs;nrYj;Jk;
fhyj;ijAk; nfhz;bUg;gjid cWjp nra;jy;.
○ Gyk;ngaUk; ngz; njhopyhsHfSf;fhd fld; cj;juthjk; kw;Wk;
gpiz cWjpfspd; Njitg;ghl;il kl;Lg;gLj;jy;.
○ eilKiwapYs;sJk; kw;Wk; Gjpa fld; jpl;lq;fs; gw;wp
tpsk;gug;gLj;JjYk; ed;ikahdJ.
○ ,yq;if tHj;jf mikr;rpd; ,yq;if Vw;Wkjpf; fld; fhg;GWjpf;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; (SLECIC) tq;fp cj;juthjj; jpl;lk; gw;wpa
kf;fs; tpopg;GzHit mjpfhpj;jy;.
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg;
gzpafj;jpd; njhopyhsH eyd;Ghp epjpaf; fhg;GWjpj; jpl;lj;ij
tphpTgLj;jp tpsk;gug;gLj;Jjy; ed;ikahdJ.
○ njhopy; hPjpapyhd tpgj;J> mq;ftPdkiljy; kw;Wk; ,wg;G
vd;gtw;Wf;fg;ghy; cly; hPjpahd kw;Wk; ghypay;
J\;gpuNahfq;fspdhyhd NfL kw;Wk; kPs;jpUk;Gtjw;fhd tpkhdf;
fl;lzq;fs; vd;gtw;iwAk; cs;slf;fj;jf;f tifapy; fhg;gPl;il
NkYk; tphpTgLj;jy;.
○ ,f;fhg;GWjpj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPohd ed;ikfs; gw;wpg; Gyk;ngaH
gzpahsHfSf;Fj; njspthd jfty;fis mspj;jy;. Ml;NrHg;G
160
KftHfs; kw;Wk; gapw;rp epiyaq;fs; kw;Wk; rHtNjr tpkhd
epiyaj;jpd; Gwg;gLk; kw;Wk; cs;tUk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspilapy;
kw;Wk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;jpd; cjtp
toq;Fk; ghJfhg;gplk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfSf;F ,j;jfty;fis tpepNahfpj;jy;.
○ Gyk;ngaUk; gzpahsHfsJ fhg;GWjpapd; nry;YgbahFk; fhyj;ij
MW khjq;fspy; ,Ue;J njhopy; xg;ge;j fhyk; KOtJf;Fk;
nghUe;Jk; tifapy; ePbj;jy;. J\;gpuNahfk; eilngWkhapd;
mr;re;jHg;gj;jpy; kPs;jpUk;Gtjw;fhd tpkhdf; fl;lzj;jpw;fhd
nryTfis kPsg; ngWjiyAk; cs;slf;Fk; tifapy; fhg;GWjpj;
jpl;lk; ,Ug;gjid cWjp nra;jy;.
nfhs;iffspd; cUthf;fk; kw;Wk; mKy;gLj;jypy; Gyk;ngaHNthH
chpikfSf;fhd mikg;Gf;fspd; Nahridfis MHtj;Jld; tuNtw;wy;.
○ ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;jpd; gzpg;ghsH
rigapy; Gyk;ngaHe;j kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaHe;jtHfspd; chpikfs;
vLj;Jiuf;fg;gLtij cs;slf;fy;.
○ Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfsJ FLk;gq;fspd; Njitfis ,dk; fz;L>
ftdk; nfhs;tjw;Fk; kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfsJ
FLk;gq;fSf;fhd Mjuit ey;Fk; nray; jpl;lq;fis tpUj;jp
nra;tjw;Fkhd r%f Nritj;jpl;lq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F VJthf
Gyk;ngaHe;NjhH kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaHe;NjhH chpikfSf;fhd
mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; mf;fiw nfhz;NlhUld; fye;jhNyhrpj;jy;.
gwpKjy; nra;ag;gl;l flTr;rPl;Lf;fSf;fhd kPs;toq;Fjy;Ægjpyhf
toq;Fjy; fl;lzkhd &gh 10>000-I ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;.
○ ntspehl;by; ,Uf;ifapy; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mtHfs;
nra;ahj jtWfSf;fhf flTr;rPl;Lf;fis ,oe;jtHfSf;F
(cjhuzk;: Ntiy nfhs;Nthuhy; flTr;rPl;L gwpKjy;
nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fk; re;jHg;gj;jpy;) Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfSf;fhd
fl;lzj;ijf; FbtuT kw;Wk; Fbafy;Tj;
jpizf;fsk; ,y;yhnjhopf;f Ntz;Lk;.
rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; murhq;fq;fSf;F
fPo;tUk; tplaq;fspy; ,yq;if murhq;fj;Jld; xj;Jiof;fTk;
○ jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,yq;ifg; gpuirfs; gw;wp ,yq;ifj;
J}jufq;fSf;Fj; jhkjkpd;wp mwptpg;gjw;F@
161
○ gu];guk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;L mKy;gLj;jg;glf; $ba xg;ge;jq;fis
cUthf;Ftjw;F@
○ Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik> Vida njhopy; J\;gpuNahfq;fs; kw;Wk;
Fw;wtpay; Kiwg;ghl;Lr; re;jHg;gq;fspy; Kiwg;ghL nra;af;
$bajhd nghwpKiwfs; kw;Wk; epthuzq;fSf;fhd toptiffis
cUthf;Ftjw;F@
○ Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis jha;ehl;Lf;Fj; jpUg;gpaDg;Gk;
jtpHf;f Kbahj re;jHg;gq;fs; my;yJ gzpahsHfs; kPs;jpUk;Gtjw;F
my;yJ ntspNaw;wg;gLtij jPHkhdpf;Fk; tiu jLj;J itf;fg;gLk;
fhyj;ijf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf ,yq;iff;F kPs; jpUk;g tpUk;gpd;
mtHfis tpiuthf jpUg;gp mDg;Gtjw;F VJthf ntspehl;Lg;
gzpafj;Jld; xg;ge;jq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F@
○ J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;Fs;shd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfisf; fhg;ghw;wTk; kw;Wk;
mtHfsJ J\;gpuNahfq;fs; Fwpj;J tprhhpg;gjw;Fkhd
nghwpKiwfis cUthf;fy;. cs;@H
mjpfhhpfSld; ,ize;jjhf ,yq;if ntspehl;Lg; gzpafk;
Ntiyj;jyq;fspy; jpBH Nrhjidfis elhj;jTk;> gzpahsHfspd;
v[khdHfspd; tPLfSf;Fr; nrd;W ,lH epiyapYs;s ,yq;if
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis $l;b tUtjw;Fkhd trjpfis mspg;gjw;F.
Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;f rkj;JtkhdJk;> tphpthdJkhd
rl;lg; ghJfhg;ig toq;Fjy;.
○ gzpahw;Wk; Neuk;> Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdTfs;> rk;gsf; fopTfs;> Xa;T
ehl;fs;> Ntjdj;Jld; $ba tpLKiw ehl;fs; kw;Wk; njhopyhsH
el;l<L cl;gl Vida njhopyhsHfSf;F toq;fg;gLk; rl;lg;
ghJfhg;ig tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;Fk; rkj;Jtkhf toq;Fk;
tifapy; njhopy; rl;lq;fis kPsikj;jy;.
○ rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;
vd;gtw;wpy; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ eyd;fs;
rk;ge;jg;gl;l nghWg;Gf;fis cs;ehl;L mikr;rpypUe;J njhopy;
mikr;rpw;F khw;Wjy;.
○ Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ehl;bw;Fs; mDkjpf;fg;glTk; kw;Wk;
gzpahw;Wtjw;F mjpfhuk; mspf;fg;gLtjw;Fkhd epge;jidahf
fHg;gg; ghpNrhjid elhj;Jtij epWj;JtJld; ,dtpUj;jp
me;j];jpyhd mbg;gilapd; Nghpy; ghugl;rq; fhl;Lk; FbtuTr;
rl;lq;fis ePf;Fjy;.
162
mDruizahsiu khw;Wtjw;F my;yJ Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;bypUe;J
ntspNaWtjw;F Ntiy nfhs;Nthhpd; mDkjp Njitg;gLk;
mDruizaspg;Gr; rl;lj;ij rPHjpUj;jy;.
○ mDruizaspg;ig khw;Wtjw;F trjpaspj;jy;> cjhuzj;jpw;F
Ntiy nfhs;NthH Fwpj;Jg; gpuj;jpNafkhff; Fwpg;gplhky; jw;fhypf
njhopy; mbg;gilapyhd tprh mDkjpaspj;jy;> ,jd; %yk;
gzpahsHfs; Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;by; rl;l me;j];ij ,of;fhky;
jq;fs; Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J ,lk;khwp kw;nwhUthplk; gzp
nra;a KbAk;.
○ ehl;bw;Fj; jpUg;gpaDg;Gjy; jtpHf;f Kbahj re;jHg;gq;fspy; my;yJ
gzpahsH ,yq;iff;F kPs; jpUk;Gtjw;F tpUg;gg;gbd;>
ntspNaWtjw;fhd tprh mDkjpapy; mDruizahshpd; rk;kjj;jpd;
Njitapid ,y;yhjhf;fp Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; tpiuthf
ehL jpUk;Gtjw;F trjpaspj;jy;.
eilKiwapYs;s Njrpa rl;lq;fis kPwp tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis
Nkhrkhf elhj;Jk; Ntiy nfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfs; kPJ
fLikahd rl;l eltbf;if vLj;jy;.
○ tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;nfjpuhf cly; hPjpahdJk; ghypay;
hPjpapyhdJkhd td;Kiwfs; GhpNthiu tprhhpj;J> tof;Fj;
njhLj;Jj; jz;bj;jy;.
○ eilKiwapYs;s Njrpa rl;lq;fis kPWk; fl;lha Ntiy kw;Wk;
Vida njhopy; chpikj; J\;gpuNahfq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;Nthiu
tprhhpj;J> tof;Fj; njhLj;Jj; jz;bj;jy;.
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F ePjp Kiwikfis mZFtjw;fhd
topKiwfis mjpfhpj;jy;
○ tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;nfjpuhd J\;gpuNahfq;fis ,dq;fz;L
tprhhpg;gjw;fhd gapw;rpiag; nghyprhUf;F toq;Fjy; kw;Wk;
mt;tpjkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; vt;tpjk; gjpy; tpisitf; fhl;LtJ
vd;gjpyhd eilKiw xOq;Ffs; kw;Wk; nghUj;jkhd rpghhpRfis
toq;Fjy;. tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; ,\;lj;jpw;nfjpuhf mtHfis
Nkhrkhd Kiwapy; elhj;Jk; Ntiy nfhs;Nthhplk; tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfisj; jpUk;gTk; mDg;ghjpUg;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wp
nghyprhH kw;Wk; FbtuT mjpfhhpfSf;F mwpT+l;Ljy; vd;gJld;
Ntiy nfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfSf;nfjpuhf
Kiwg;ghLfisg; gjpT nra;tjw;fhd nray;Kiwfspy; ghpr;rak;
nfhz;ltHfs; vd;gij cWjp nra;jy;.
○ jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,yq;ifg; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;
jq;fs; ehl;Lj; J}juf mjpfhhpfisr; re;jpg;gjw;fhd mtHfsJ
163
chpikfs; gw;wp cld; mwptpg;gJld; mt;tpjk; nra;tjw;fhd
trjpfSf;F topnra;J nfhLj;jy;.
○ tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; J\;gpuNahfk; Nkw;nfhz;l Ntiy
nfhs;NthUf;F vjpuhf epthuzq;fisf; Nfhhp eltbf;iffs;
vLf;ifapy; mtHfs; Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;by; ,Ug;gjw;fhd tprh
mDkjpfis fpilf;fr; nra;jy;. ,e;j tprh mDkjpfSf;fhf tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfsplk; fl;lzk; mwtply; $lhJ> tof;F eilngWk;
fhyg;gFjp tiu gzpahsHfis jLg;G Kfhk;fspy; jq;FkhW
my;yJ jq;Fkplq;fspy; milgl;bUf;FkhW gyte;jg;gLj;jy; $lhJ.
Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kPjhd J\;gpuNahfq;fis fz;fhzpj;J
gjpy; $Wtjw;fhd nghwpKiwia cUthf;fp gpd;tUk; Kiwfs; %yk;
Nkk;gLj;jy;
○ Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik> Vida njhopy; J\;gpuNahfq;fs; kw;Wk;
Fw;wtpay; Kiwg;ghl;Lr; rk;gtq;fSf;fhd epthuzq;fisg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;Sk; toptiffs; kw;Wk; Kiwg;ghL nra;Ak; nghwpKiwfs;
vd;gtw;iw cUthf;fy;.
○ Ntiyj;jyq;fisf; fpukkhf ghpNrhjpj;jy;. Ntiy
nfhs;Nthhpw;nfjpuhf Kiwg;ghLfs; fpilf;fg; ngw;w tPLfSf;F
tp[aq;fis Nkw;nfhz;L> ,f;fs tp[aq;fspd; NghJ Gyk;ngaHe;J
te;J tPl;Lg; gzpGhpgtHfis jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; NeHfhzy;.
○ rl;lj;ij kPWk; gpuirfs; kw;Wk; gpuirfsy;yhj Ntiy nfhs;NthH
kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfs; Nky; epahakhd mguhjj;ij tpjpj;jy;.
NjitNaw;gbd; ,yq;if ntspehl;Lg; gzpafj;Jld; xUq;fpize;J
nraw;gly;.
ehl;by; cs;Eiotjw;Fk;> gzp nra;tjw;Fkhd mDkjpf;F XH
epge;jidahf Gyk; ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kPjhd fl;lha vr;.I.tp
ghpNrhjidfspd; Njitf;fhd nfhs;iffis ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;.
midj;Jg; Gyk;ngaHe;j gzpahsHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ FLk;gq;fsJ
chpikfisg; ghJfhf;Fk; cld;gbf;ifia (Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH
cld;gbf;if) kw;Wk; rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; (ILO)
cld;gbf;iffis Vw;W rl;l mq;fPfhuk; toq;Fjy;. cld;gbf;ifapd;
gpufhuk; mwpf;ifapLk; Njitg;ghLfSld; ,zq;Fjy;.
If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; Gyk;ngaHe;NjhHpd; kdpj chpikfs; kPjhd
tpNrl njhlHghl;lhsiu ehl;bw;F tp[ak; nra;J Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;
gzpahsHfs; epiyikfis mtjhdpf;Fk;gb miog;G tpLj;jy;.
164
rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpw;F (ILO)
tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd XH khjphp njhopy; xg;ge;jj;ij
toq;Fjy;. ,e;j khjphp njhopy; xg;ge;jj;ij muG nkhop> jkpo; kw;Wk;
rpq;fs nkhopfspy; nkhopngaHg;Gr; nra;J Gyk;ngau
vz;ZgtHfSf;F ,yFthf fpilf;Fk; tz;zk; nra;jy;.
rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgd epakq;fs; njhlHghf Gyk;ngaH
gzpahsHfSf;F njhopy; chpikfs; mbg;gilapyhd fy;tpia toq;Fk;
cs;@H mikg;Gf;fSld; ,ize;J njhopy;El;gj; jpl;lq;fis
tphpthf;Ftjw;F gzpahw;wy;.
rHtNjr njhopy; epakq;fSf;Nfw;w cWjpahd tifapy; njhopy;
fl;Lg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; mKyhf;fy;fis tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd njhopy;El;g
kw;Wk; nkhop gw;wpa cjtpfis toq;Ftjw;F murhq;fq;fSld;
gzpahw;wy;.
Gyk;ngaHe;NjhH kdpj chpikfs; kPjhd If;fpa ehLfs;
rigapd; tpNrl njhlHghl;lhsUf;F
rHtNjr rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ chpikfisr;
rpj;jhpj;Jf; fhl;Ljy; cl;gl Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mDgtpf;Fk;
epiyikfs; kPjhdNjhH tpNrl mwpf;ifia ntspaply;.
,yq;if> rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk;�my;yJ If;fpa
muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; vd;gtw;Wf;F Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ
epiyikfisf; fz;lwpe;J tprhhpg;gjw;fhd tp[aq;fis
Nkw;nfhs;tJld; rPHjpUj;jq;fSf;fhd ghpe;JiufisAk; toq;Fjy;.
[g;ghd; rHtNjr $l;LwT KftH (JICA)> Mrpa mgptpUj;jp
tq;fp (ADB)> cyf tq;fp> rHtNjr mgptpUj;jpf;fhd If;fpa
mnkhpf;f KftH (USAID) kw;Wk; RtPb\; rHtNjr
mgptpUj;jpf; $l;LwT KftH (SIDA) cl;gl;l rHtNjr
ed;nfhilahsHfSf;F:
Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd MNyhrid Kaw;rpfs; kw;Wk;
NritfSf;fhf cs;@H mur rhHgw;w ];jhgdq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida rptpy;
r%fq;fSf;Ff; $Ljyhd epjp kw;Wk; epWtd hPjpapyhd Mjhuj;ij
toq;Fjy;.
165
Gyk;ngaHtjw;F vz;Zk; ngz;fSf;F Gyk;ngaHjYf;fhd nryTfis
jhq;ff; $ba tifapy; kpfTk; rhjfkhd tl;b tPjj;jpyhd rpWfld;
jpl;lq;fSf;F $Ljy; epjp toq;fy;.
,yq;ifapy; epiyahd tUkhdk; <l;Lk; eltbf;iffis mgptpUj;jp
nra;Ak; nray; jpl;lq;fs; mj;Jld; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; AtjpfSf;fhd
njhopy; gapw;rp> njhopy;El;gj; jpwd; gapw;rp kw;Wk; fy;tp epfo;r;rp Nghd;w
ngz;fSf;fhd cs;@H njhopy; cgha khHf;fq;fSf;fhf ePz;lfhy
mbg;gilapy; epjp trjpaspj;jy;.
kPs;jpUk;gpa Gyk;ngaHe;j ngz;fs; epiyahd Ranjhopy;fshf
rpWnjhopy; nray; jpl;lq;fis Muk;gpg;gjw;fhd rpWfld; jpl;lq;fSf;F
epjp trjpaspj;jy;.
166
VII. ed;wpAiu
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; ngz;fs; chpikfs; gFjpapYs;s n[dpgH
NldH (Jennifer Truner)> MjH n`y;ld; ngy;Nyh (Arthur Helton
Fellow) vd;NghH> MrphpaH kw;Wk; ngz;fs; chpikfs; gphptpd; rpNu\;l
Ma;thsH ep\h thpahTld; (Nisha Varia) elhj;jpa Ma;Tfspd;
mbg;gilapy; ,e;j mwpf;ifia vOjpdhH. ep\h thpah@ ngz;fs; chpikfs;
gphptpd; mg;Nghija epiwNtw;W gzpg;ghsH yhN\hd; MH. n[gHrd;
(LaShawn R Jefferson)@ ngz;fs; chpikfs; gphptpd; gjpy; epiwNtw;W
gzpg;ghsH n[dl; Nthy;]; (Janet Walsh)@ kj;jpa fpof;F kw;Wk; tl
Mgphpf;fh gphpTfSf;fhd cjtp gzpg;ghsH N[h ];Nuhf; (Joe Stork)@
kj;jpa fpof;F kw;Wk; tl Mgphpf;fhtpd; fpwp];Nlhg; tpy;fp (Christoph
Wilcke) kw;Wk; ebk; N`hhp (Nadim Houry)@ Mrpah gphptpd; rhUyjh
n`hf; (Charu Lata Hogg)@ rl;l kw;Wk; nfhs;if gzpg;ghsH N[k;];
nuh]; (James Ross)@ kw;Wk; jpl;l mYtyf cjtp gzpg;ghsH md;l;;&
Nkhrd; (Andrew Mawson)@ MfpNahH mwpf;ifia kPsha;T nra;jdH.
Nur;ry; N[f;fg;rd; (Rachel Jacobson)> vkpyp myd; (Emily Allen)>
md;l;hpah N`hyp (Andrea Holley)> N[h]; khHl;bd;]; (Jose
Martinez) kw;Wk; gpl;];Nuha; n`g;fpd;]; (Fizroy Hepkins)
MfpNahH jahhpg;G cjtpfis ey;fpdH. kpr;Nry; Uj; fk;NgHl; (Michele
Ruth Gamburd) kw;Wk; Nltpl; nrha;rh (David Soyza)
tiugwpf;ifapy; gad;kpf;f Fwpg;Gf;fis ey;fpdH.
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;> ,e;j Ma;tpw;F cjtpaspj;j jdpg;gl;l
gyUf;Fk; kw;Wk; ];jhgdq;fSf;Fk; ed;wpAilajhf cs;sJ. NeHfhzy;fis
Nkw; nfhs;tjw;fhd Vw;ghLfspy; mtHfsJ xj;jhirfs;> njhlHGfis
je;Jjtpaik my;yJ mtrpakhd jfty;fis Rl;bf;fhl;baik Nghd;wtw;wpy;>
tpNrlkhf Gyk;ngaH Nritfs; epiyaj;jpd; Nltpl; nrha;rh@ Njrpa
njhopyhsH fhq;fpurpd; n[uhy;l; nyhl;tpf; (Gerald Lodwick)@ rHtNjr
njhopy; xUikg;ghl;Lf;fhd mnkhpf;f epiyaj;;;;jpd; kNdhhp tpj;jhud
(Manori Witharana)@ ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Clf xd;wpaj;jpd; FKjpdp
rhKNty; (Kumudini Samuel) kw;Wk; Nrg;ghyp nfhl;Nlnfhl (Sepali
Kottegoda)@ Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfSf;fhd nray; tiyaikg;G
(ACTFORM) ,d; tanyl; ngNuuh (Violet Perera)@ rpwpyjh MHaul;d
(Srilatha Aryaratne)@ mUl; rNfhjhp VQ;ryh (Sister Angela)@
mUl; rNfhjhp ,k;khf;FNyl; (Sister Immaculate)@ kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaH
gzpahsHfSf;fhd rq;fq;fspd; gpuNjr xUq;fpizg;ghsHfs;
ghj;jpkh> ,e;jpuhzp> re;jpuh> yf;\;kp> mkhyp> nry;yj;Jiu> uh[;FkhH>
`d;rkhyh kw;Wk; kq;fypf;fh MfpNahUf;Fk; vq;fs; ed;wpfs;
chpj;jhfl;Lk;. ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; vy;.Nf.
167
U`_ZNf (L.K. Ruhunuge) kw;Wk; mNdhkh uhkehaf;f (Anoma
Ramanayake) MfpNahUf;Fk; vq;fsJ tpNrlkhd ed;wpfisj;
njhptpf;fpd;Nwhk;. ciu ngaHg;gjpy; vkf;Fjtpa J\;ae;jpdp
fdfrghgjpg;gps;is kw;Wk; vk;.vk; rhah jpyf;\p MfpNahUf;Fk; vq;fs;
ed;wpfs; chpj;jhfl;Lk;.
,e;j mwpf;iff;fhd NeHfhzy;fSf;F rk;kjpj;j ngz;fs; midtUf;Fk;
vq;fsJ ,jaG+Htkhd ed;wpfisj; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;. jq;fsJ
mDgtq;fis gfpHe;J nfhs;tjpy; mtHfs; fhl;ba cld;ghL ,e;j mwpf;if
cUthtij rhj;jpakhf;fpaJ.
kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; ngz;fs; chpikfs; gphpT> epjpAjtpfs;
mspj;j MHNfbah (Arcadia)> nkhiuah epjp (The Moriah Fund)> Xf;
gTz;Nlrd; (The Oak Foundation)> ];nlhprhd;l; gTz;Nlrd; (The
Streisand Foundation)> ghq;fp – yNuhf;fp gTz;Nlrd; (The
Bankey-LaRocque Foundation)> \_dH gTz;Nlrd; (The
Schooner Foundation)> N[f;fg; kw;Wk; `py;lh gpsh];bd; gTz;Nlrd;
(The Jacob and Gilda Blaustein Foundation)> Gnuhf;
Fnwhrpq; gTz;Nlrd; (The Frog Crossing Foundation)>
ngz;fSf;fhd rpf;fhf;Nfh gTz;Nlrd; (The Chicago Foundation
for Women)> fpwgH FLk;g gTz;Nlrd; (The Gruber Family
Foundation) kw;Wk; ngz;fs; chpikfs; gphptpd; MNyhrid rig
cWg;gpdHfs; MfpNahUf;Fk; jdJ kdkhHe;j ed;wpawpjy;fis njhptpf;fpd;wJ.