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Instituto de Engenharia e Ciências do Mar
Universidade Técnica do Atlântica
O Arquipélago de Cabo Verde
notas da sua história natural, oceanografia e vida marinha
Rui Freitas (ISECMAR/UTA)
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Mauritânia
Senegal
Gambia
Guiné Bissau
∑ Área: 4033 km2
presqu'île du
Cap-Vert
Pais insular, tropical e de
origem vulcânica…
Fonte da Foto: NASA. Referencia: Menezes, et al., 2004
formed by rock accumulation, resulting
from eruptions from a hotspot under
submarine platforms
10 islands (of which nine are
inhabited) and eight islets
Youngers
cliffs
Olders
flats
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Referencia: Menezes, et al., 2004; Bravo de Laguna, 1985; DGMP, 1998; Almada, 1993 & OFCF/INDP Project.
∑ linha de costa de 965 km
Plataforma insular (profs
<200 m) cobrem uma
área de 5,934 km2
+46% área submersa
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Fronteira Este do giro subtropical do Atlântico Norte e limite sul da Corrente das Canárias e afectada à grande
escala pela interacção entre a CC, a NEC e a NECC
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Padrão de circulação geral no interior do
arquipélago de Cabo Verde (Medina, 2007-8)
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Noroeste
Nova
HolandaSenghor
João Valente
Boa Vista
Cabo Verde
Muncreca
Sul de Maio
Cadamosto
Charles Darwin
Cabo Verde
SeamountsTchadona
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EXEMPLOS % DE ENDEMICIDADE
8.3% para peixes costeiros/recifais
9.2% para bivalves marinhos
44% lapas d’bluxa d’cunha
50% lesmas do mar
70-95% buzios conus
100% Euthria gastropodes marinhos
– peq buzios
Cabo Verde: Biodiversidade marinha única mundial,
altas taxas de endemismos (paleo-monotipos) e
singularidades biogeográficas
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Segundo Floeter et al. (2008) o
alto endemismo marinho de CV
possa estar relacionado ao (1)
isolamento geográfico (entre ilhas
e / ou do continente), (2) à
complexidade de habitats
submarinos e (2) às águas
tropicais quentes durante os
períodos glaciais
González (2018) complementa essas
teorias levando em consideração a
idade geológica relativamente
jovem, a boa conexão biológica,
apesar de seu isolamento, e o
estado relativamente saudável dos
habitats costeiros.
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Esses pressupostos são mais favoráveis, em parte para as
espécies de peixes com menor capacidade de dispersão, para
se diferenciar em um evento de especialização e endemismos
notáveis em pequenos peixes, especialmente com
paleoendémias e taxon monotípicos na área.
Outros Factores a Considerar como:
1.a limitada plataforma insular
2.zona intertidal restrita
3.sazonalidade da produtividade
oceanográfica
4. regimes pluviométricos
parecem determinar a baixa densidade
populacional de organismos marinhos
no arquipélago de Cabo Verde,
contribuindo assim para a fragilidade
desse ecossistema.
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Emilio Rolán
Rolán, E. 1991. La familia Conidae (Molusca:
Gastropoda) en el archipiélago de
Cabo Verde (África occidental).
Tesis doctoral.
Universidad de Santiago de
Compostela.
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Starting in the mid 1980s, taxonomic revisions,
descriptions of new species
and new records
illustrated books and checklists
of fish in Cabo Verde
have increased significantly e.g. Edwards 1986, Hensley 1986, Matallanas & Brito
1999, Brito & Miller 2001, Menezes et al. 2004, González &
Tariche 2009, Wirtz 2009, González et al. 2010, Fricke et
al. 2010, Wirtz & Schliewen 2012, Rocha et al. 2012a,
Vieira et al. 2013, Wirtz et al. 2013, Freitas et al. 2014
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Liopropoma emanueli
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Most of the photos available in this work was possible which came from,were found or sent to social networks on the Internet (ie, messenger, viber,closed groups) or by e-mail.
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Algumas (parcialmente) endêmicas pequenas espécies de peixes criptobêncicos do Cabo Verde são: (A) Scartella caboverdiana (endemic blenniid); (B) Ophioblennius atlanticus (amphi-Atlantic blenniid); (C) juvenile Similiparma hermani (endemic, not a cryptic species, but shown here); (D) Gobius tetrophthalmus (endemic gobiid); (E) Parablennius salensis (endemic blenniid); (F) Gnatholepis thompsoni (amphi-Atlantic gobiid); (G) Labrisomus nuchipinnis (amphi-Atlantic labrisomid); and (H) adult Microlipophrys caboverdensis (endemic blenniid, photo © A. Boyra).
FilogenéticaBlenniidae
LabrisomidaeGobiesocidae
CallionymidaeGobiidae
Based Wirtiz et al 2013
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Photos in different size-scales of some notable Cabo Verdean endemic reef fish: (A) Lubbock's chromis Chromis lubbocki, an endemic that is probably dispersing out of the region (?); (B) Bulldog dentex Virididentex acromegalus, an endemic monotypic genus; (C) Cape damsel Similiparma hermani, a paleoendemic monotypic genus; (D) Girella stuebeli, a paleoendemic macroalgal browser and the sole Girella sp. in the Atlantic Ocean; (E) White seabream Diplodus sargus lineatus, an endemic sub-species and the most ancestral branch of the D. sargus clade; and (F) Guinean parrotfish Scarus hoefleri, endemic to West Africa (Eastern Atlantic).
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paleoendemic in the Atlantic Ocean with origins in the Tethys Sea
extinction in the western Atlantic ?recent colonization of the EA from the IO ?
local kyphosid
macroalgal browser
Girella stuebeli
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Tubastraea caboverdiana Ocaña & Brito, 2015
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Brito et al. (2007)A ictiofauna litoral de Cabo Verde
é zoo-geograficamente tropical, Mostra uma predominância de espécies guineenses,
seguidas de peixes tropicais subtropicais (anfiatlânticas)
e várias espécies endémicas.
Guinea
STP
>20 endemic
reef fish
speciation around
Cape Verde waters
ponto de vista da
estrutura da
comunidade de
biota marinha e
zoogeografia
CABO VERDE NÃO É
MACARONESIA
?
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Estudo regional em biogeografia marinha
reestrutura a normativa “Macaronésia” e
aponta Cabo Verde como unidade singular
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O estudo em sumário:
(1) permitiu elucidar a falta de suporte
para o conceito actual da Macaronésia
como uma unidade biogeográfica marinha
coerente
(2) veio reforçar que o ambiente marinho
costeiro do arquipélago de Cabo Verde
possui uma fauna singular, caracterizada
por uma rica diversidade
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