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Neutron Generator for BNCT Based on High Current ECR Ion Source with Gyrotron Plasma
Heating
V.A. Skalyga1, I.V. Izotov1, S.V. Golubev1, A.V. Sidorov1, S.V. Razin1, O. Tarvainen2, H. Koivisto2, T. Kalvas2
email: [email protected]
1Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 46 Ul`yanova st., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia2University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 35 (YFL), 40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
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Nizhny Novgorod
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Outline
• Neutron generators• High current ECR ion sources• SMIS 37 ion source• D+ beam production at SMIS 37• Neutron production at SMIS 37• Perspectives and plans
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Neutron sources for BNCT
• Nuclear reactors– High neutron flux– High running cost and complexity
• Accelerators– Satisfactory neutron flux– Lower cost– Safety
• Neutron generators– Low neutron flux– Small size, low cost– Easy to use
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“Low” energy D+ ion beams:» D + D --> 3He3 + n 3.26 MeV» D + T --> 4He3 + n 17.6 MeV
D-D and D-T neutron generators
Targets: TiD2, ZrD2, ScD2
Up to 1,8 D atoms per one sorbent atom
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Ion sources for neutron generators
• Penning source• RF-driven plasma ion sources• ERC ions sources
– 2,45 GHz ECR• plasma density 1011 - 1012 cm-3
• Plasma flux density < 100 mA/cm2
– 37,5 GHz ECR• plasma density >1013 cm-3
• Plasma flux density > 1000 mA/cm2
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Faraday cup
Gyrotron 37 GHz, 10-80 kW, 1ms/1Hz. Gasdynamic plasma confinement High plasma density >2*1013 cm-3
High collision rate -> Low plasma lifetime ~ tens of ms Plasma flux at the mirror point >10 A/cm2
Te ~ 20-300 eV -> close to 100% ionization
Ti ~ 1-5 eV + extraction in the area of low magnetic field -> excellent emittance
SMIS 37
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Beam extraction
Plasma electrode aperture diameter from 5 to 10 mm
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Beam current measurements
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Beam current measurements
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Ion spectrum (Hydrogen, Deuterium)
H+, D+ 94 %H2
+, D2+ < 6 %
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Beam extraction summaryExtraction
systemFaraday cup current, mA
Normalized rms
emittance, π·mm·mrad
Extraction voltage, kV
d = 5 mm 80-140 0.06 45
d = 7 mm 300 0.18 45
d = 10 mm 500 0.07 45
H+, D+ 94 %H2
+, D2+ < 6 %
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Ice target (D2 O)
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TiD2 target
Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) of the target
1 cm
Depth, a.u.
Sign
al, a
.u.
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Neutron flux measurementsTwo 3He proportional counters were used in experiments
250 mA
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Results (45 keV beam energy)Target Neutron flux
per 1 mА of D+ beam at 45 keV
Total neutron flux (300 mA of D+)
TiD2 2·106 6·108
D2O 3·106 109
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Estimations
108 Neutrons per second for 1 mА D+ at beam energy 100-120 keV
Beam current: 500 – 1000 mА
Expected neutron flux:5·1010 – 1·1011 s-1 (5·1012 – 1·1013 s-1 T-target)
Expected neutron flux density: > 1010 s-1·cm-2
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• D+ beam at 100 keV
• High quality target
• Bigger target
• CW D+ beam production (24 GHz, 10 kW)
• Design of target cooling
Future plans
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Many thanks for your attention!