new progress of high current gasdynamic ion source vadim skalyga, sergey golubev, ivan izotov,...

New Progress of High Current Gasdynamic Ion Source

Vadim Skalyga, Sergey Golubev, Ivan Izotov,

Sergey Razin, Alexander Sidorov, Alexander Vodopyanov

Olli Tarvainen, Hannu Koivisto, Taneli KalvasThierry Lamy, Thomas Thuillier

Efim Oks, Georgy Yushkov, Aleksey Nikolaev

Outline

- Quasi-gasdynamic regime of plasma confinement

- SMIS 37 gasdynamic ECR ion source

- Multicharged ions production

- Metallic ions production

- Proton beams extraction

- Other gasdynamic sources

- CW gasdynamic ion source

- Conclusion

Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod

Quasi-gasdynamic plasma confinement


Geller and Gasdynamic ECRIS

seffg VL


Quasi-gasdynamic confinement

eic R ln

Coulomb electron scattering into the loss-cone

Time of plasma escape

gc

gc

(collisionless)

(collisional)

Vs – ion sound velocityLeff – effective trap length

seffg VL

1E+012 1E+013 1E+014

N e, cм-3

0

1E-005

2E-005

3E-005

4E-005

e, с

ек.

Plasma confinement

eic νR=τ /ln

sg VLR=τ /

Collisionless confinement

Quasi-gasdynamic confinement

sec

cm-3

ion

i

τ

nI ~

ee τnq ~Averaged ion charge

Ion current


Ion charge vs HF

Limitation for plasma density:2

2

4 e

mω=N<N ce

2~~ ωτnq ee


Geller ECRIS vs Gasdynamic

1

10

100

+10 +15+5 q

I, mA

GellerECRIS

GasdynamicECRIS Argon


SMIS 37 gasdynamic ECR ion source


SMIS 37 general view

Gyrotron

Plasma chamber

Diagnostic chamber

Frequency 37,5 or 75 GHzPower up to 100 kWPulse duration 1 msTrap magnetic field up to 5 T

-wave coupling system


SMIS 37 plasma part

Faraday cup


SMIS 37 main goals

• Unique plasma parameters

(Ne > 1013 cm-3, 5 ÷ 50 s, Te 50 ÷ 300 eV)

• High current density ( j 100 ÷ 800 mA/cm2 )

• Low emittance values

• High (unique) flexibility


Multicharged ions production


Charge state distribution

H+

Argon Nitrogen


Xenon plasma


is

effl V

L=τ

Ion charge vs trap length

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 600

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

TheoryExperiment

Trap length, cm

N3+

/N2+


-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

0.04

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Time, mks.T

OF

sig

na

l, V

.

He+

H+

He++

Experiments with 37 and 75 GHz

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170

Ток электромагнита анализатора, А

То

к и

он

ов

, у.е

.

He +

He ++

H +

75 GHz

37 GHz

Analyser magnet current, A

Ion

curr

ent,

a.u

.


Beam currents


0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000Voltage, V

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

FC

cu

rren

t, m

A

160 mA30 kV

Metallic ions production


Gasdynamic charge breeding (SMIS 37-75 + MEVVA)

MEVVA plasma gun

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

Electromagnet current, a.u.

Ana

lyze

r si

gnal

, a.u

.

Pt+

Pt++

Pt3+

Additional MEVVA ions stripping

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2

Electromagnet current, a.u.

An

alyz

er s

ign

al,

a.u

.

Pt3+

Pt6+

Pt5+ Pt4+

Fe++

No ECR heating

Additional stripping with optimal parameters

Platinum

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4Time, mks

TO

F s

ign

alPt6+

Pt5+

Pt4+Pt10+

Pt9+

Pt8+Pt7+

Microwave power 60 kWMagnetic field in the plug 2.6 TVacuum arc current 80 A37 GHz

75 GHz

ECR source of EUV light

Microwaves50 kW@75 GHz

MEVVA plasmagunTin cathode

Магнитные катушкиMagnetic coils

EUVDetector

13.5±1% nm

Experiment:

50 W to 4π to 13.5 nm ± 1%

η ~ 0.5 %

Source size 3 х 3 х 50 mm

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sn4+

9+

Sn6+

Time, μs

TO

F s

igna

l

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sn+Sn3+

Sn2+No microwave heating

50 kW @75 GHz

TO

F s

igna

l

Proton and deuteron beams extraction

Beam current measurements

Ion spectrum (Hydrogen, Deuterium)

H+, D+ 94 %H2

+, D2+ < 6 %

Neutron generation“Low” energy D+ ion beams:

• D + D --> 3He3 + n 3.26 MeV• D + T --> 4He3 + n 17.6 MeV

Targets: TiD2, ZrD2, ScD2

Up to 1,8 D atoms per one sorbent atom

Expected neutron flux (100 kV):5·1010 – 1·1011 s-1 5·1012 – 1·1013 s-1 T-target

Neutron flux 109 at 45 kV energy

Is SMIS 37-75 the only high current gasdynamic source?

Grenoble 60 GHz ECRIS

O3+ 1.1 mA

900 mA/cm2

1.8 A/cm2 !

ECR zoneHF

Ions

Gyrotron frequency 60 GHzPower up to 200 kWPulse duration up to 1 msCusp magnetic trapMaximum magnetic field 7 T (injection)

Grenoble source goals

• High frequency and power• High repetition rate• Closed ECR zone• Effective gas control• MHD stability• Boundary confinement regimes (probably)

The real performance of gasdynamic ECRIS for multicharged ions productionshould be demonstrated in Grenoble

CW gasdynamic ion sourceSM

IS 2

4

- First test of SMIS 24 was performed More than 10 hours of operation- First ion beam was extracted Beam current = 3 mA Ion current density in magnetic mirror = 1 A/cm2

CW gyrotron 24 GHz, 5 kWSimple mirror trap

Benefits of gasdynamic ECRIS

• High current beams• Low beam emittance• Short leading and trailing edge of the pulse• High ionization efficiency• Simple scaling of source parameters


Applications

• High current ion beams for accelerators

• Deuterium beams for neutron production

• EUV sources (13,5 nm)

• Short pulse ion beams production


Thank you for your attention

Thanks to our collaborators

Thanks a lot to Organizing committee for invitation and opportunity to present this talk

new progress of high current gasdynamic ion source vadim skalyga, sergey golubev, ivan izotov,...

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