![Page 1: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Monday Dec. 5, 2011L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation.
• Chapter 7/8 Quiz• Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes• Work Period (HW):
– Major Assignment due tomorrow– Reasons for Confederation WS due tomorrow– Vocabulary Chpt 7/8 + TEST due Friday– Pre-Confederation Assignment due Friday
Where are your paragraphs?
![Page 2: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chapter 9: Confederation
Vocabulary:Confederation Rep By PopFederal Union Deadlock
Coalition
![Page 3: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chapter 8 Review• Lord Durham made two recommendations• The British Government passed one in 1841• Upper Canada became _________ and is now
called ______________• Lower Canada became _________ and is now
called ______________• Responsible government:
– Members of the Executive Council (today called the Cabinet) are chosen from the group with the most elected members in the Legislative Assembly (rather than the governor)
– If the Cabinet loses the confidence of most people in the Legislative Assembly, it must resign
![Page 4: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Chapter 8 Review
• The first test for responsible government was in 1849 – Rebellion Losses Bill
• Tories opposed this bill, why?• Lord Elgin personally opposed to this, but was
committed to responsible government (follow wishes of the majority)
![Page 5: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Chapter 8 Notes• Education:
– Only for those who could pay for it in the 1800s– Wrote on slates (bluish-grey rock)– Canada West 1871 made education universal (for
everyone) and compulsory (required)– Need for more teachers; suitable for women
• Egerton Ryerson– A Loyalist– Influenced this change in education
![Page 6: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Chapter 8 Notes
• Nova Scotia– 1847 - First colony to achieve
responsible government– Joseph Howe:
• Politician; good oratory (public speaking)
• Newspaper to support changes in the gov’t
• 1835 charged with libel (printed picture that unjustly injures a person’s reputation)
![Page 7: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Chapter 8 Notes
• New Brunswick 1854 RG• Newfoundland asked for it in 1846, granted in
1855• Prince Edward Island
– Petitioned for it, but nothing changed– Legislative did not pass laws or vote for the
money needed to run the government– Granted in 1851
![Page 8: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Chapter 9 Introduction
• Canada West (formerly Upper Canada) grew rapidly after the rebellions
• Toronto developed its buildings, businesses, banks, and busy roads
• New roads linked bigger towns to the interior• Many new towns• Canada West became a
place of growth and opportunity
![Page 9: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Introduction Continued• British government became less interested in the
colonies• Too expensive for them to run• Colonies now responsible for raising cash to
develop• Why not unite all of the colonies to make them
stronger and richer?
CONFEDERATION
![Page 10: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
“Rep by Pop” Pg. 181
• Act of Union 1841 was not successful– The Canadiens (French) believed the English were
trying to make them lose their cultural identity– The English Canadians accused the Canadiens of
trying to run everything their way• Representation By Population
– The number of elected members of the Legislative Assembly (the representatives) is based on the number of voters (based on the population)
– Create a visual representation
![Page 11: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
“Rep by Pop” Pg. 181
• Reformers in Canada West• Led by George Brown and his Clear Grit party• Wanted “rep by pop” because their
population was the largest
• Reformers in Canada East• Led by George-Etienne Cartiers and Le Parti
Bleus against “rep by pop”• In the past when their population was bigger,
it was equal representation
![Page 12: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
“Rep by Pop” Pg. 181
![Page 13: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
“Political Deadlock” Pg. 181
• Disagreement in the Legislative Assembly• Equal number of representatives from
Canada West and Canada East• Two groups voted against each other• No laws could be passed
= deadlock
![Page 14: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
“Political Deadlock” Pg. 181• George Brown (leader of the Clear Grits)• John A. Macdonald (leader of the Tories)• George Brown said he would work with
Macdonald and Cartier (even though they were bitter enemies)
• Together to form a federal union – A political union; certain powers to
own affairs and certain powers to a central gov’t
– Canada West and Canada East join– Coalition: a gov’t where the political
parties work together– This agreement was called The Great Coalition
(the Clear Grits, Tories, and Parti Bleus)
![Page 15: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Reasons for Federal Union (Confederation)
• In 1867, BNA colonies of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada (Canada East and Canada West) agreed to join together to form a nation
• Responsibility to local affairs and federal affairs
• Central government located in Ottawa, Canada
![Page 16: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Reason #1: Political Deadlock and the Great Coalition
• No laws could get passed in the Legislative Assembly because the politicians from Canada East and Canada West would not work together
• Great Coalition formed– Goal was to unite the BNA
colonies into one country– Confederation
![Page 17: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Reason #2: A Railway Was Needed• During the winter, boats could not transport
goods in Canada because the water froze• Moving goods by horse was very slow and
expensive• The colonies required a railway to be built so
trade and communication between the BNA colonies could be easier
• If Confederation, couldshare the costs
![Page 18: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Reason #3: Trade with USA• In 1846, Britain stopped charging tariffs (a tax on
paid goods brought into a country or colony) on goods coming to Britain
• Previously, the colonies had no tariffs put on their goods; this increased competition
• Whichever country sold them at the lowest price; no more special status with Britain
• In 1854, USA and Britain signed the Reciprocity Treaty– Started free trade with USA (no tariffs)– In 1864, this ended and it became more expensive to
trade• The BNA colonies began to trade with each other
because it was less expensive; started to unite
![Page 19: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Reason #4: Threat of American Expansion into BNA
• In the 1860s, USA was fighting a civil war (North vs. South – against each other)
• The North accused Britain of helping in the war• In 1866, Fenians, group of Irish people in the
USA who hated Britain, attacked BNA • USA started expanding in the West• BNA colonies scared that USA wanted to control
everything• If united, could protect themselves and prevent
expansion
![Page 20: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Manifest Destiny
![Page 22: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Reason #5: Changing British Attitudes
• Britain losing interest of the BNA colonies• Too expensive to maintain• If united, the BNA colonies could defend
themselves against the USA without Britain’s help
• Britain encourages them to unite• Important because people still very loyal to
Britain and would support if Britain did too
![Page 23: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Tuesday Dec. 6, 2011L.O.: SWBAT to describe the events leading up to
Confederation.
• Chapter 7/8 Quiz + Collect Newspapers• Chapter 9 Atlantic Colony + Conferences Notes• Work Period (HW):
– Atlantic Colonies WS due tomorrow– Vocabulary Chpt 7/8 + TEST due Friday– Pre-Confederation Assignment due Friday
![Page 24: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Wednesday Dec. 7, 2011L.O.: SWBAT to describe the events leading up to
Confederation.
• Newspapers + Atlantic Key• Chapter 9 Atlantic Colony + Conferences Notes• Work Period (HW):
– Confederation Debates WS due tomorrow– Vocabulary Chpt 7/8 + TEST due Friday– Pre-Confederation Assignment due TBD
![Page 25: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Chapter 9: Confederation
Vocabulary:Maritime ConferenceHouse of Commons Senate
![Page 26: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Atlantic Colonies: 1854 – 1864 Pg. 186
• Read vocabulary terms on the worksheet• Atlantic Colonies:
– Newfoundland– Nova Scotia– Prince Edward Island– New Brunswick
• These colonies were facing serious problems
![Page 27: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Atlantic Colonies Problems: Cause & Effect
• Little Industrial Development > Little Population Growth> Leave to look for work elsewhere
• Trade> 1866 planning to end Reciprocity Treaty> 1846 Britain’s free trade meant less demand in Britain for goods from the Atlantic colonies> Need to develop new markets
• Threat of American Expansion> Need to unite together
![Page 28: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Maritime Union Pg. 189
• Conference scheduled for September 1864 in Charlottetown, P.E.I. to discuss possibly union of the Atlantic colonies
• Nova Scotia, P.E.I. and New Brunswick meet on Sept 1, 1864
• Newfoundland not invited• Province of Canada took this opportunity to promote
a federal union
![Page 29: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Maritime Union Pg. 189• George Brown promised
– “that our farmers and manufacturers and mechanics shall carry their wares into every village of the Maritime Provinces and that they shall with equal freedom bring their fish, and their coal and their…produce to our three millions of inhabitants.”
• By the end, decided to meet again in Quebec
![Page 30: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Quebec Conference 1864 – Pg. 190
• All of the BNA colonies attended• Result was the list of the 72 Resolutions
– A list of guidelines or rules that are to be followed as a basis for ruling a group of people
![Page 31: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
72 Resolutions• Major Ideas:
– A strong central government (federal government) would handle common affairs, economic development, and defence
– Provinces would have limited powers (weaker than federal gov’t) to handle local affairs, social, and cultural issues
– Federal Parliament composed of a lower house called the House of Commons and an upper house called the Senate
– House of Commons elected by “rep by pop”– Senate appointed
• Canada East, Canada West, Atlantic Canada considered a region (each with 24 members; protection for the small Atlantic colonies because few elected members in the House of Commons)
![Page 32: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Wednesday Dec. 7, 2011L.O.: SWBAT to explain the debates surrounding
Confederation for each colony.
• Atlantic Colonies Worksheet KEY• Read Page 191 as a class• Confederation Debates• Work Period (HW):
– Confederation Debates WS due tomorrow– Vocabulary Chpt 7/8 + TEST due Friday– Pre-Confederation Assignment due TBD
![Page 33: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Canada West• Arguments in support of Confederation:
– Solve the problem of political deadlock by creating a new province and a new legislative assembly
– Need for a railway (trade + defense)– Better defense against American invasion– Easier to expand and claim territory– Would have a stronger voice in the federal gov’t
• Arguments against of Confederation:– Little to gain by uniting with the Atlantic colonies– Including the Atlantic colonies would increase taxes for all
• Decision: Strongest supporter of Confederation
![Page 34: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Canada East• Arguments in support of Confederation:
– Solve the problem of political deadlock by creating a new province and a new legislative assembly
– Need for a railway (trade + defense)– New provincial gov’t would allow for the protection of French language
+ culture– Better defense against American invasion
• Arguments against of Confederation:– House of Commons in the federal gov’t would mostly be English-
speaking; threaten French– Including the Atlantic colonies would increase taxes for all
• Decision: Parti Bleu convinced most that the new province, Quebec, would protect the Frecnch-speakers; also had support of the Church
![Page 36: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
New Brunswick• Arguments in support of Confederation:
– Need for a railway (trade + protection)– Better defense against possible American invasion– Great Britain encouraged a political union
• Arguments against of Confederation:– New central gov’t would be “rep by pop”; NB’s small population
would equal little power– Afraid they would lose their connection with Britain
• Decision: In 1865, many against; by 1866 views changed because of Fenians and Britain’s encouragement; economic benefits of joining
• Sir Samuel Leonard Tilley– Father of Confederation – convinced people of New Brunswick to join
![Page 38: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Nova Scotia• Arguments in support of Confederation:
– Need for a railway (trade + protection) – link Halifax– Move goods into the larger markets of Ontario and Quebec
• Arguments against of Confederation:– New central gov’t would be “rep by pop”; NS’s small population
would equal little power– Afraid the costs of the railway would be taxed onto the people who
did not live close to it– Liked the idea of Atlantic union rather than union with the Canadas
• Decision: In favour of the economic development• Joseph Howe against Confederation (small province + taxes)• Charles Tupper support – Father of Confederation
![Page 40: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Prince Edward Island• Arguments in support of Confederation:
– Little support• Arguments against of Confederation:
– New central gov’t would be “rep by pop”; PEI’s small population would equal little power
– Afraid the costs of the railway would be taxed onto the people who did not live close to it (island!)
– Other colonies refused to support idea to buy out the land from absentee landlords who owned most of the farmland
• Decision: – PEI would only have five representatives in the new House
of Commons and the railway would not benefit them, saw no advantages.
– Would join later
![Page 42: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Newfoundland• Arguments in support of Confederation:
– Little support• Arguments against of Confederation:
– New central gov’t would be “rep by pop”; Nfld’s small population would equal little power
– Afraid the costs of the railway would be taxed onto the people who did not live close to it (island!)
– Many people happy with British control and were not interested in joining an Atlantic or federal union
• Decision: – Little in common with the people of the United Canadas– No interest; would join later
![Page 43: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Tuesday Dec. 13, 2011L.O.: SWBAT understand the BNA Act.
• Confederation Quiz• British North America Act 1867 Notes• Work Period (HW):
– BNA Act WS due tomorrow Wed. Dec 14– Debate Assignment due Thur Dec. 15– Vocabulary Chpt 9 + TEST Monday Dec. 19
![Page 45: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
CHAPTER 9 KEY CONCEPTS• Confederation• Rep by Pop• George Brown/Clear
Grit• J.A.M./Tories• A.A. Dorion/ Parti
Rouge• George-Etienne
Cartiers/ Parti Bleus• Political Deadlock +
Great Coalition
•Railway•Reciprocity Treaty + Free Trade•Threat of USA + Fenians•Changing British Attitudes•Atlantic Colonies + Maritime Union•Quebec Conference + 72 Resolutions•Colonies Debates
![Page 46: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
London Conference• 16 delegates from the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and
New Brunswick sailed to London to present the 72 Resolutions• Some changes were made:
– New Brunswick got assurances for the intercontinental railway (railway between colonies)
– Provincial government subsidies (loan of money that the government contributes for a given year’s budget) were increased
• Dominion of Canada becomes a nation on July 1, 1867• John A. Macdonald becomes the first Prime Minister of Canada
![Page 47: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
BNA Act
• Created the Dominion of Canada July 1, 1867• Stated the powers of the provincial and
federal governments• Outlined the way in which the government
would be structured and guaranteed protection for minority groups
![Page 48: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
BNA Act – See Pg. 196
• Aim:– To create a federal union (Confederation) of the
colonies of BNA, associated with Great Britain
• Federalism– Two levels of government– National or Federal (or central) and Provincial– Federal government handled matters affecting
everyone– Provincial government handled matters only affecting
the people it governs
![Page 49: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
BNA Act – See Pg. 196• Form of Central Government
– Legislative Branch (also called PARLIAMENT – the LAW-MAKING body)• SENATE appointed by the Governor General (representative of British gov’t)
– Made and approved laws– 24 senators from Ontario, Quebec, Atlantic colonies
• HOUSE OF COMMONS elected by people through rep by pop– Political party with the most MP’s will become the leading party and its leader will be the Prime
Minister– Make and Debate laws
– Executive Branch• Cabinet appointed by the Prime Minister (PM)
– Propose laws and the PM influences/advises the Governor General– Judicial Branch
• The law enforcing part of the gov’t• It interprets and carries out the constitution (written laws)• Punishes those who break the rules of the constitution• Made up of lawyers, judges, and the courts• Separate from the gov’t to prevent corruption
![Page 50: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
HOMEWORKL.O.: SWBAT understand the BNA Act.
Work Period (HW):– BNA Act WS due tomorrow Wed. Dec 14– Debate Assignment due Thur Dec. 15– Vocabulary Chpt 9 + TEST Monday Dec. 19
![Page 51: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Wednesday Dec. 14, 2011L.O.: SWBAT understand the issues raised by
Confederation + the Cultural Groups.
• Confederation Quiz+ Check HW• Issues + Cultural Groups Notes• Work Period (HW):
– Issues WS due tomorrow Thurs. Dec 15– Debate Assignment due tomorrow Thur Dec. 15– Vocabulary Chpt 9 + TEST Monday Dec. 19
![Page 52: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Division of Powers in the Constitution Act , 1867
• Constitution: rules that govern a country• Two types:
– Written– Unwritten (the courts make decisions based on customs and
traditions and previous court rulings)• Federal Government Powers:
– Trade and commerce, Taxation, Postal Service, Military, Economy, Divorce, Criminal Law, Jails
• Provincial Government Powers:– Taxation, Public lands, Provincial Jails, Hospitals and Asylums,
Education, Local Affairs, Courts, Licenses• Some powers were shared between the two
![Page 53: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
First People and Minorities
• Constitution Act, 1867 only had one direct reference to Aboriginal peoples– Section 91 (24) gave the Parliament of Canada exclusive
authority over “Indians and lands reserved for the Indians”
• Province of Canada:– Aboriginal land acquired by treaty– They were to settle on reserves– Government department created to manage them
• Minorities would be assimilated
![Page 54: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
The Years After Confederation• Read Pg. 200-1• Not everyone felt like cheering on July 1, 1867• Nova Scotia
– Second thoughts– “The free and intelligent Province of NS died last night at
twelve o’clock” – Morning Chronicle– Pro-Confederation politicians were burned in effigy (an
imitation, made of cloth, of a person who is disliked)– September elections: anti-Confederates won 36 of 38 seats– Anti-Confederates led by Joseph Howe– Went to Britain in 1866 to lobby (represent special interest
to the gov’t) against the union of NS
![Page 55: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
The Years After Confederation
• Separatist Movement– Nova Scotian members of Parliament, led by Howe,
presented a motion in the House of Commons– It stated that NS should be released from
Confederation– Rejected by the Conservative majority– Public discontent expressed by petitions and
discussions in the provincial gov’t– Howe and members went to London again to ask
![Page 56: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
The Years After Confederation
• Compromise– Howe returned to Nova Scotia from London and decided
to compromise (an agreement in which each side gives up some of its demands)
– Wanted to “accept the situation, repair the mischief, and make the best of a bad buisness”
– Prime Minister MacDonald increased yearly grants by $20 000 and asked Howe to become a member of the Federal Cabinet
– Howe left the anti-Confederation movement leaderless, so it died down
![Page 57: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Cultural Groups in Canada
• Germans– Arrived to the colony of Quebec as soldiers in the
French army– After their military service ended, stayed in New
France– Hans Bernard, first German settler, 1664– Skilled farmers and Protestant
![Page 58: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Cultural Groups in Canada• Germans
– King George II of England wanted to bring German newcomers to NS, so he offered free land and supplies for one year
– Must become British subjects and go to BNA– American Revolution: many soldiers in the British army
were German mercenaries– Many Loyalists after the AR were German– Settled around Lake Ontario and Lake Huron, St. Lawrence
River– By 1867, 200 000 German speaking people in Canada
![Page 59: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Cultural Groups in Canada
• Ukrainians– First were mercenary soldiers who came to fight
in the War of 1812– Andrew Yankovsky and Peter Komdrovsky were
among the Selkirk Settlers who settled in the Red River area in 1812
– In 1874, Mennonites settled in Manitoba– In the 1880s, many left US and went to Winnepeg
![Page 60: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Cultural Groups in Canada• Blacks
– By 1850, 40 000 in UC; roughly 1000 taken to Quebec as slaves under French rule
– Any slave that joined the army were granted freedom– After the AR, 3500 black Loyalists, all achieving
freedom, moved to NS (and later NC)– No land or the right to vote (many thought they would)– In 1793 only banished in UC– In 1834, new law stopped slavery– 30 000 came to Canada by the Underground Railroad
![Page 61: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
金山 – “ Gold Mountain”• The first Chinese settlers
to North America came in 1848 for the California gold rush.
• At this time Southeast China was had many problems: economic, political and natural disasters.
• By 1852, over 25,000 Chinese had made their way to California.
• The majority of them came from the provinces of Guangdong and Fujian.
![Page 62: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
The Chinese go to BC
• The discovery of gold in 1858 on the Fraser River in British Columbia attracted Chinese immigrants from California.
• Unfortunately, the Chinese immigrants in BC were only allowed to mine claims that white miners had already abandoned.
![Page 63: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Resentment and racism begin
• Upon arriving in North America, the Chinese men would work hard, long hours for low pay.
• How do you think this made local people feel? What do you think they did about it? What would you do about it?
What does this cartoon tell you?
Or this one?
![Page 64: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR)• Between 1880 and 1885
almost 17,000 Chinese immigrants arrived in BC from China and the United States to work on the CPR.
• Chinese labour (noun) was cheap and most Chinese were very hard-working.
• They were paid $1/day and they had to buy their own equipment.
![Page 65: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Revelstoke to Vancouver
The stretch of CPR line that the Chinese built was the most
dangerous.Many died from cold
weather, disease and terrible working
conditions.
![Page 66: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
However, after the CPR is finished…
• Head tax is introduced: $50/person in 1885, $100 in 1900, $500 in 1903.
• Chinese were the only group of people that had to pay a tax to enter Canada.
• Chinese immigrants still came to Canada though. The Federal Government collected a total of $23 million from this tax.
![Page 67: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
How do we stop Chinese immigration?• On July 1,1923 the Chinese
Immigration Act (also known as the Exclusion Act) was passed. Chinese communities called it “Humiliation Day” and did not celebrate Canada for many years after.
• It was not repealed until 1947. This was also the year that Chinese-Canadians were allowed to vote.
• During this time only 50 Chinese people were allowed to come to Canada.
How do you think the Exclusion Act affected Chinese people?
![Page 68: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
• The Exclusion Act made the Chinese communities only grow stronger• Labour unions and community organizations were developed to
support each other Community and Support• After the Japanese invasion of China in 1937, Chinese-Canadian
communities raised $5 million dollars to help
Strength of mind
![Page 69: Monday Dec. 5, 2011 L.O.: SWBAT to explain the reasons for Confederation. Chapter 7/8 Quiz Chapter 9 Introduction + Notes Work Period (HW): – Major Assignment](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ec55503460f94bcfe33/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Homework
1. Debates Assignment2. Issues + Cultural Groups Worksheet3. Vocab Chpt 9 + Test Monday