Download - Modern Pharmaceutics 4th Edition Chapter 10
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7/23/2019 Modern Pharmaceutics 4th Edition Chapter 10
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Mges~oy 53
^ei`o~ Nb}elo Hbyf}
Feyz Ae~gyzd Ab~~ao
Muij}~ Sgeyfemou~jme`}, Jdm$, @owjdl~bd, Fe}}emgu}o~~}
On|eyn F$ Yundjm
Enxedmj} Sgeyfemou~jme` Mbys$, Lej~goy}iuyl, Feyz`edn
J$ JD^YBN_M JBD
Nuyjdl ~go se}~ hbuy nomeno}, ~go sgeyfemou~jme` jd&
nu}~yz ge} jdxo}~on xe}~ efbud~} bh ~jfo edn fbdoz jd
~go }~unz bh ~ei`o~ mbfsem~jbd$ ^gj} owsodnj~uyo j}
uj~o yoe}bdei`o |god bdo mbd}jnoy} gb| xe`uei`o
~ei`o~}, e} e nb}elo hbyf, eyo ~b ~go jdnu}~yz$ Iomeu}o
bye` nb}elo hbyf} med io }o`h&enfjdj}~oyon iz ~go se&
~jod~, ~goz eyo bixjbu}`z fbyo syb~ei`o ~b fedu&
hem~uyo ~ged seyod~oye` nb}elo hbyf} ~ge~ fu}~ io
enfjdj}~oyon, jd fb}~ me}o}, iz ~yejdon soy}bddo`$ ^gj}j} yoom~on iz ~go hem~ ~ge~ |o`` bxoy 73/ bh ~go nyul}
jd ~go _dj~on ]~e~o} ~ge~ eyo hbyfu`e~on ~b sybnumo
}z}~ofjm oom~} eyo feyao~on e} bye` nb}elo hbyf}$
Mbfseyon ~b b~goy bye` nb}elo hbyf}, ~ei`o~} eyo ~gofeduhem~uyoy} nb}elo hbyf bh mgbjmo iomeu}o bh ~gojy
yo`e~jxo`z `b| mb}~ bh feduhem~uyo, semaelo, edn
}gjsfod~1 jdmyoe}on }~eij`j~z edn xjy~ue` ~efsoy yo&
}j}~edmo 'fb}~ ~efsoyon&|j~g ~ei`o~} oj~goy iombfo
nj}mb`byon by nj}jd~olye~o*$
JJ$ NO]JLD EDN HBYF_@E^JBD
BH MBFSYO]]ON ^EI@O^]E$ Lodoye` Mbd}jnoye~jbd}
^go fb}~ mbffbd }b`jn nb}elo hbyf} jd mbd&
~ofsbyeyz u}o eyo ~ei`o~}, |gjmg fez io nodon e}
udj~ hbyf} bh }b jn fonjmefod~} syoseyon iz mbf&
sem~jbd$ Fb}~ mbd}j}~ bh e fjw~uyo bh sb|noy} ~ge~ eyo
mbfsem~on jd e njo ~b sybnumo e }jdl`o yjljn ibnz$ ^go
fb}~ mbffbd ~zso} bh ~ei`o~} eyo ~gb}o jd~odnon ~b io
}|e `b|on |gb`o edn ~god nj}jd~olye~o edn yo oe}o
~gojy fonjmefod~} jd ~go le}~ybjd~o}~jde` ~yem~ 'LJ^*$
E `o}} mbffbd ~zso bh ~ei`o~ ~ge~ j} yesjn`z lejdjdl
sbsu`eyj~z jd ~go _dj~on ]~e~o} j} hbyfu`e~on ~b e``b|
nj}}b`u~jbd by nj}soy}jbd jd |e~oy syjby ~b enfjdj}&
~ye~jbd$ Jnoe``z, hby ~gj} ~zso bh ~ei`o~ e`` jdlyonjod~}
}gbu`n io }b`ui`o, iu~ hyouod~`z e do }u}sod}jbd ge}~b io emmos~on$ Fedz ~ei`o~} bh ~gj} ~zso eyo hby&
fu`e~on ~b io ooyxo}mod~, edn ~gojy fejd enxed~elo}
jdm uno yesjn yo oe}o bh nyul edn fjdjfj{e~jbd bh
le}~yjm jyyj~e~jbd$
]bfo ~ei`o~} eyo no}jldon ~b io fe}~jme~on 'j$o$,
mgo|on*$ ^gj} ~zso bh ~ei`o~ j} bh~od u}on |god ei&
}bys~jbd hybf ~go iumme` mexj~z j} no}jyon by ~b od&
gedmo nj}soy}jbd syjby ~b }|e``b|jdl$ E`~oyde~jxo`z, e
~ei`o~ fez io jd~odnon ~b nj}}b`xo }`b|`z jd ~go fbu~g
'o$l$, `b{odlo}* }b e} ~b sybxjno `bme` em~jxj~z bh ~go
nyul$ E ho| ~ei`o~} eyo no}jldon ~b io s`emon udnoy ~go
~bdluo 'j$o$, }ui`jdlue`* by io~|ood ~go ~oo~g edn luf
'j$o$, iumme`* edn yesjn`z yo`oe}o nyul jd~b ~go i`bbn&
}~yoef$ Iumme` by }ui jdlue` ei}bys~jbd j} bh~od
no}jyei`o hby nyul} `jei`o ~b ow~od}jxo gose~jm fo~e&
ib j}f iz ~go y}~&se}} oom~ 'o$l$, dj~ybl`zmoyjd,
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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~o}~b}~oybdo*$ Yomod~`z, e `b{odlo bd e }~jma, by cc`b`&
`jsbs, nb}elo hbyf bh hod~edz` |e} noxo`bson hby
syobsoye~jxo }one~jbd jd sonje~yjm se~jod~} 'Bye`o~5*
edn iyoea~gybulg medmoy sejd jd enu`~} 'Em~j5*$
Em~jxo jdlyonjod~ j} yo`oe}on hybf ~go `b{odlo jd~b ~go
i`bbn}~yoef hybf ~go bye` fumb}e$^goyo eyo db| fedz ~zso} bh ~ei`o~ hbyfu`e~jbd}
~ge~ sybxjno hby ~go yo`oe}o bh nyul ~b io no`ezon by
mbd~yb` ~go ye~o bh ~go nyul} exej`eij j~z$ ]bfo bh
~go}o syoseye~jbd} eyo gjlg`z }bsgj}~jme~on edn eyo
yjlg~`z yohoyyon ~b e} mbfs`o~o ccnyul&no jxoyz }z}&
~of}$ ]jdmo ~go mbdmos~} bh mbd~yb``on nyul no`jxoyz
eyo ~go }uikom~} bh Mges~oy 5?, ~go }~ye~oljo} bh ~go}o
}z}~of} |j` db~ io nj}mu}}on goyo$ Gb|oxoy, }b`jn
nb}elo hbyfu`e~by} fu}~ io e|eyo bh ~go xeyjbu} bs&
~jbd} exej`ei`o ~b ~gof$
Hby owefs`o, |god syb`bdlon yo`oe}o bh e |e~oy&
}b`ui o nyul j} youjyon, |e~oy&jd}b`ui`o fe~oyje`}
fu}~ io mb&hbyfu`e~on |j~g ~go nyul$ Jh ~go nb}o bh ~gonyul j} gjlg edn j~ owgjij~} sbby mbfsem~jij`j~z, suyo`z
gznybsgbijm elod~}, }umg e} |ewo}, |j`` owemoyie~o ~go
jdeij`j~z bh ~go fe~oyje` ~b hbyf e mbfsem~$ Jd }umg
me}o}, hbyfu`e~by} doon ~b ~uyd ~b b~goy ~zso} bh |e~oy&
jd}b`ui`o fe~oyje`}, }umg e} sb`zfoy}, ~b emgjoxo ib~g
nyul yo`oe}o edn ~ei`o~jdl lbe`}$
]bfo ~ei`o~} mbfijdo }u}~ejdon&yo`oe}o edn yesjn
nj}jd~olye~jbd mgeyem~oyj}~jm}$ Sybnum~} }umg e} A&
Nuy5 'Aoz Sgeyfemou~jme`}* mbfijdo mbe~on sb&
~e}}juf mg`byjno myz}~e`} jd e yesjn`z yo`oe}jdl ~ei`o~$
Jd ~gj} sey~jmu`ey jd}~edmo, ~go myz}~e`} eyo mbe~on |j~g
o~gz`mo``u`b}o, e |e~oy&jd}b`ui`o sb`zfoy, edn eyo ~god
jdmbysbye~on jd~b e yesjn`z nj}jd~olye~jdl fjmyb&
myz}~e``jdo mo``u`b}o 'FMM* fe~yjw$ ^go suysb}o bh ~gj}~ei`o~ j} ~b fjdjfj{o LJ u`moye~jbd, mbffbd`z od&
mbud~oyon iz se~jod~} ~yoe~on |j~g sb~e}}juf mg`byjno$
^gj} }jfs`o iu~ o`oled~ hbyfu`e~jbd j} ed owefs`o bh e
}b jn nb}elo hbyf }~ye~olz u}on ~b emgjoxo m`jdjme`
lbe`}$
^gu}, ~go }jdl`o lyoe~o}~ mge``odlo ~b ~go ~ei`o~
hbyfu`e~by j} jd ~go nodj~jbd bh ~go suysb}o bh ~go
hbyfu`e~jbd edn ~go jnod~jme~jbd bh }uj~ei`o fe~oyje`}
~b foo~ noxo`bsfod~ bikom~jxo}$ Jd bynoy ~b nb ~gj}
sybsoy`z, ~go hbyfu`e~by fu}~ adb| ~go sybsoy~jo} bh
~go nyul, ~go fe~oyje`} ~b io mb&hbyfu`e~on |j~g ~gonyul, edn ~go jfsby~ed~ e}som~} bh ~go lyedu`e~jbd,
~ei`o~jdl, edn mbe~jdl sybmo}}o}$
Sgeyfemou~jme` mbfsyo}}on ~ei`o~} eyo syoseyon iz
s`emjdl ed essybsyje~o sb|noy fjw, by lyedu`e~jbd, jd
e fo~e` njo bd e ~ei`o~ syo}}$ E~ ~go ie}o bh ~go njo j} e
`b|oy sudmg, edn eibxo ~go njo j} ed ussoy sudmg$
\god ~go ussoy sudmg j} hbymon nb|d bd ~go sb|noy
fjw '}jdl`o }~e~jbd syo}}* by |god ~go ussoy edn `b|oy
sudmgo} }uoo{o ~blo~goy 'yb~eyz by fu`~js`o }~e~jbd
syo}}*, ~go sb|noy j} hbymon jd~b e ~ei`o~$ No}sj~o ~go
hem~ ~ge~ sb|noy mbfsem~jbd ge} iood bi}oyxon hby
gudnyon} bh zoey}, }mjod~j}~} }~j`` noie~o ~go owem~ fo&
mgedj}f} iogjdn ~gj} sgodbfodbd$
Soyges} ~go fb}~ }jldjmed~ hem~by jd ~go ~ei`o~jdlbh fe~oyje`} hby u}o e} nyul sybnum~} j} ~go doon ~b
sybnumo ~ei`o~} bh udjhbyf |ojlg~$ ^gj} j} emgjoxon iz
hoonjdl mbd}~ed~ xb`ufo} bh gbfblodobu} fe~oyje` ~b
~go njo}$ ]umg ed essybemg j} domo}}eyz iomeu}o njyom~
|ojlgjdl e~ ye~o} mbffod}uye~o |j~g fbnoyd ~ei`o~
syo}} bsoye~jbd j} jfsb}}ji o$ ^gj} youjyofod~ jf&
fonje~o`z s`emo} nofedn} bd ~go sgz}jme` mgeyem~oy&
j}~jm} bh ~go hoon edn bd ~go no}jld bh ~go ~ei`o~ syo}}
j~}o`h$ Jd ~go me}o bh ~go hbyfoy, syombfsyo}}jbd
~yoe~fod~ bh ~go lyedu`e~jbd j} bdo bh ~go fb}~ mbf&
fbd |ez} bh fjdjfj{jdl njmu`~jo} eyj}jdl hybf ~gj}
}buymo$
^go lyoe~ seyenbw jd sgeyfemou~jme` ~ei`o~jdl j} ~godoon ~b feduhem~uyo e mbfsem~ bh }umjod~ fomged&
jme` }~yodl~g ~b |j~g}~edn ~go yjlby} bh sybmo}}jdl edn
semaeljdl ~ge~ j} e`}b mesei`o bh yosybnumji`z yo`oe}&
jdl ~go nyul$ Jd fb}~ me}o}, ~go yo`oe}o bh ~go nyul j}
sybnumon iz ~go sodo~ye~jbd bh euobu} ujn} jd~b ~go
do yo}jnue` sbyo }~yum~uyo bh ~go ~ei`o~ edn ~go mbd&
~em~ bh ~go}o ujn} |j~g mbfsbdod~} ~ge~ oj~goy }|o`` by
yo`oe}o le}o}$
^go }o`om~on syombfsyo}}jbd ~yoe~fod~, jh edz,
feyaon`z eom~} ~go feduhem~uyo bh ~ei`o~}$ Jd sey~j&
mu`ey, bdo fu}~ no~oyfjdo |go~goy e fjw~uyo bh sb|&
noyon jdlyonjod~} j} ~b io ~ei`o~on njyom~ z by jh ed
jd~oyxodjdl |o~ lyedu`e~jbd }~os j} ~b io jd~ybnumon$
^gj} nomj}jbd j} jduodmon iz fedz hem~by}, jdm`unjdl~go }~eij`j~z bh ~go nyul ~b goe~ edn fbj}~uyo1 ~go b|
sybsoy~jo} bh ~go lyedu`e~jbd1 edn ~go ~odnodmz bh ~go
lyedu`e~jbd ~b }olyole~o$ E~ ~go syo}od~ ~jfo ~goyo eyo
e`}b ~|b mbdjm~jdl mbd}jnoye~jbd} ~ge~ ~odn ~b s`ez e
fekby yb`o jd ~gj} mgbjmo$ ^go}o eyo ~go yo`um~edmo ~b
mgedlo fo~gbn} ofs`bzon ~yenj~jbde``z iz ~go mbf&
sedz xoy}u} ~go ombdbfjm enxed~elo} bh bfj~~jdl
mbfs`o~o }~elo} jd ~go sybnum~jbd }ouodmo$
Jd |o~ lyedu`e~jbd, ~go mbfsbdod~} bh ~go hby&
fu`e~jbd} eyo fjwon |j~g e lyedu`e~jdl `jujn, }umg e}
|e~oy by o~gedb`, ~b sybnumo lyedu`o} ~ge~ |j`` yoenj zmbfsyo}} ~b ljxo ~ei`o~}$ \o~ lyedu`e~jbd fo~gbn}
syonbfjde~o jd ~go feduhem~uyo bh owj}~jdl sybnum~},
|gj`o ~go ~yodn hby do| sybnum~} j} ~b u}o njyom~
mbfsyo}}jbd sybmonuyo}$ E`~gbulg fedz }~os} eyo
o`jfjde~on |god u}jdl njyom~ mbfsyo}}jbd, }bfo hby&
fu`e~by} gexo hbudn ~ge~ |o~ lyedu`e~on sybnum~} eyo
fbyo ybiu}~ edn ei`o ~b emmbffbne~o xeyjeij`j~z jd
ye| fe~oyje`} edn ~ei`o~jdl oujsfod~$ ^gu}, hby }bfo
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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mbfsedjo}, ~go ~yodn j} yoxoy~jdl ~b ~go hbyfu`e~jbd bh
~ei`o~} iz |o~ lyedu`e~jbd$
I$ No}jyei`o Sybsoy~jo} bh Ye| Fe~oyje`}
Fb}~ hbyfu`e~jbd} eyo mbfsb}on bh bdo by fbyofonjmefod~} s`u} e xeyjo~z bh owmjsjod~}$ Jyyo}som~jxo
bh ~go ~zso bh ~ei`o~, lodoye` myj~oyje hby ~go}o ye|
fe~oyje`} eyo domo}}eyz$ Jd bynoy ~b sybnumo emmuye~o,
yosybnumji`o nb}elo hbyf}, j~ j} o}}od~je` ~ge~ oemg
mbfsbdod~ io udjhbyf`z nj}soy}on |j~gjd ~go fjw~uyo
edn ~ge~ edz ~odnodmz hby mbfsbdod~ }olyole~jbd io
fjdjfj{on$ Jd ennj~jbd, ~go sybmo}}jdl bsoye~jbd} no&
fedn ~ge~ ~go fjw~uyo io ib~g hyoo&b|jdl edn mb&
go}jxo |god mbfsyo}}on$
Sey~jm`o ]j{o
Jd lodoye`, ~go ~odnodmjo} hby e sb|noy fjw ~b }olyo&le~o med io yonumon iz fejd~ejdjdl }jfj`ey sey~jm`o }j{o
nj}~yjiu~jbd, }geso, edn, ~gobyo~jme``z, nod}j~z bh e`` ~go
jdlyonjod~}$ H`b| sybsoy~jo} eyo odgedmon iz u}jdl
yolu`ey&}geson, }fbb~g sey~jm`o} |j~g e deyyb| }j{o
nj}~yjiu~jbd ~blo~goy |j~g ed bs~jfuf sybsby~jbd bh
ccdo} 'sey~jm`o} ?3 ff*$ Jh }umg mbdnj~jbd} meddb~ io
fo~, ~god }bfo hbyf bh lyedu`e~jbd }gbu`n io
mbd}jnoyon$
Sey~jm`o }j{o nj}~yjiu~jbd, edn godmo }uyhemo eyoe bh
~go nyul j~}o`h, j} ed jfsby~ed~ sybsoy~z ~ge~ ge} yo&
mojxon mbd}jnoyei`o e~~od~jbd jd ~go `j~oye~uyo$ Hby
fedz nyul}, sey~jmu`ey z ~gb}o |gb}o ei}bys~jbd j}
`jfj~on iz ~go ye~o bh nj}}b`u~jbd, e~~ejdfod~ bh ~goy&
esou~jm `oxo`} fez nosodn usbd emgjoxjdl e }fe``sey~jm`o }j{o Q5V$ Jd hem~, j~ ge} iood }ullo}~on ~ge~ hby
}umg nyul}, }~edneyn} hby }somjm }uyhemo eyoe} edn ~go
dufioy bh sey~jm`o} soy udj~ |ojlg~ }gbu`n io noxo`&
bson$ Gb|oxoy, ~go njmu`~z jd gedn`jdl xoyz do
sb|noy}, e} |o`` e} ~go sb}}jij`j~z bh e`~oyjdl ~go fe&
~oyje` jd b~goy |ez}, ge} }gjh~on ~go ofsge}j} ~b|eyn}
sybnumjdl ed bs~jfuf, ye~goy ~ged e fjdjfuf, sey&
~jm`o }j{o$ Hby jd}~edmo, }oxoye` yo}oeymgoy} gexo hbudn
~ge~ nomyoe}jdl sey~jm`o }j{o sybnumo} ~ei`o~} bh jd&
myoe}on }~yodl~g ~ge~ e`}b gexo e yonumon ~odnodmz hby
`efjde~jbd Q9?V$ ^gj} j} sybiei`z nuo ~b ~go fjdj&fj{e~jbd bh edz enxoy}o jduodmo} ~ge~ e sey~jmu`ey
myz}~e` }~yum~uyo fez gexo bd ~go ibdnjdl fomgedj}f$
Bd ~go b~goy gedn, }efs`o} bh fj``on njlbwjd myz}~e`}
syoseyon iz e dufioy bh }j{o&yonum~jbd ~omgdjuo}
gexo iood yosby~on ~b o`jmj~ njoyod~ ouj`jiyjuf }b&
`uij`j~jo} Q5V$ ^gj} }ullo}~} ~ge~ ~go fo~gbn bh lyjdnjdl
fez |o` eom~ ~go nj}}b`u~jbd iogexjby bh moy~ejd
nyul}$
^go oom~ bh sey~jm`o }j{o bd ~go mbfsem~jbd mgey&
em~oyj}~jm} bh ~|b fbno` }u`hbdefjno nyul}, bdo ow&
gjij~jdl iyj~~`o hyem~uyo edn ~go b~goy iojdl mbfsyo}}on
mgjoz iz s`e}~jm nohbyfe~jbd, ge} iood yosby~on Q=V$ Jd
sey~jmu`ey, j~ |e} }gb|d ~ge~ ~go ~od}j o }~yodl~g bh
~ei`o~} feno hybf ~go iyj~~`o fe~oyje` |oyo fbyo }od&}j~jxo ~b ~go nyul} sey~jm`o }j{o ~ged ~ge~ bh ~ei`o~}
feno hybf ~go s`e}~jme``z nohbyfjdl fe~oyje`$ Jd en&
nj~jbd, `eyloy lyedu`o} sb}}o}} io~~oy b|, |gj`o }fe``
ellyole~o} nohbyf nuyjdl mbfsem~jbd 'o$l$, }syez&
nyjon `em~b}o* Q8V$
Ed e`~oyde~jxo essybemg ejfon e~ yonumjdl ~go
}olyole~jbd ~odnodmjo} bh fonjmefod~} edn owmjsjod~}
jdxb`xo} fj``jdl ~go hbyfoy ~b e }fe` sey~jm`o }j{o edn
~god sgz}jme``z ei}byijdl j~ udjhbyf`z bd~b ~go }uyhemo
bh ~go `eyloy sey~jm o} bh ed owmjsjod~ }ui}~ye~o$ Iz
~go}o foed} ccbynoyon, e} bssb}on ~b ccyednbf,
fjwjdl j} yoe`j{on edn nj}}b`u~jbd j} odgedmon e} e
yo}u`~ bh ~go do nj}soy}jbd Q
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~ye~o} ~go oom~ bh fbj}~uyo mbd~od~ bd ~go mbfsem~&
jij`j~z bh edgznybu} `em~b}o Q7V$ E} ~go fbj}~uyo mbd&
~od~ jdmyoe}o}, j~ j} en}byion iz ~go `em~b}o, ~goyoiz
mbdxoy~jdl j~ hybf ~go edgznybu} ~b ~go gznybu} hbyf$
Nuyjdl ~gj} ~yed}hbyfe~jbd, ~go i&hbyf bh `em~b}o fb}~
sybiei`z mgedlo} ~b ~go e&hbyf edn ~gu} sybnumo}mgedlo} jd mbfsem~jij`j~z$
Emmo`oye~on eljdl edn myz}~e` ~yed}hbyfe~jbd ye~o}
gexo e`}b iood ~yemon ~b gjlg yo}jnue` fbj}~uyo mbd&
~od~$ Ednb o~ e`$ }~unjon ~go oom~ bh fbj}~uyo mbd~od~
bd ~go myz}~e``j{e~jbd bh edgznybu} ~gobsgz` jdo jd
~ei`o~} Q:V$ ^gojy yo}u`~} e`}b jdnjme~o ~ge~ edgznybu}
fe~oyje`} mbdxoy~ ~b gznye~o} e~ gjlg `oxo`} bh yo`e~jxo
gufjnj~z$ Jd ennj~jbd, jh gzlyb}mbsjm fe~oyje`} 'o$l$,
sb`zo~gz odo l`zmb` 8333* eyo e`}b mbd~ejdon jd ~go
hbyfu`e~jbd, doon`o&`jao myz}~e`} hbyf e~ ~go ~ei`o~
}uyhemo edn }jldjmed~`z yonumo ~go yo`oe}o ye~o bh ~go
~gobsgz``jdo$
Jd fedz sybnum~} j~ }oof} gjlg`z sybiei`o ~ge~~goyo owj}~} e deyyb| yedlo bh bs~jfuf fbj}~uyo
mbd~od~} ~ge~ }gbu`n io fejd~ejdon$ Fbyo }somjme``z,
~go oom~ bh fbj}~uyo bd FMM&mbd~ejdjdl ~ei`o~} ge}
iood ~go }uikom~ bh ed jdxo}~jle~jbd ~ge~ nofbd}~ye~o}
~go }od}j~jxj~z bh ~gj} jfsby~ed~ owmjsjod~ ~b fbj}~uyo
mbd~od~ Q53V$ ^go}o yo}oeymgoy} hbudn ~ge~ njoyodmo}
owj}~ jd ib~g ~go mbgo}jxo de~uyo edn ~go fbj}~uyo
mbd~od~ ~b ~|b mbffoymje` iyedn} bh FMM$ E xoyz
u}ohu` yosby~ bd ~go ouj`jiyjuf fbj}~uyo mbd~od~ bh
}bfo =3 owmjsjod~} ge} iood mbfsj`on iz e mb``eibye&
~jxo lybus bh |byaoy} hybf }oxoye` sgeyfemou~jme`
mbfsedjo} edn essoey} jd ~go Gednibba bh Sgeyfe&
mou~jme` Owmjsjod~} Q55,59V$
Myz}~e``jdo Hbyf
]o`om~jbd bh ~go fb}~ }uj~ei`o mgofjme` hbyf bh ~go
em~jxo syjdmjs`o hby e ~ei`o~, |gj`o db~ }~yjm~`z |j~gjd
buy ~oyf} bh yohoyodmo goyo, fu}~ io mbd}jnoyon$ Hby
owefs`o, }bfo mg`byefsgodjmb` o}~oy} sybnumo `j~~ o
m`jdjme` yo}sbd}o Q5=V$ ^goyo j} e`}b e }jldjmed~ njh&
hoyodmo jd ~go ijbexej`eij j~z bh edgznybu} edn gz&
nye~on hbyf} bh efsjmj``jd Q5>V$ Huy~goyfbyo, njoyod~
sb`zfbysgjm hbyf}, edn oxod myz}~e` geij~}, fez gexo
e sybdbudmon jduodmo bd ~go ijbexej`eij`j~z bh }bfonyul} nuo ~b ~go njoyod~ nj}}b`u~jbd ye~o} ~goz owgjij~$
]umg mgedlo} med e`}b ljxo yj}o ~b feduhem~uyjdl
sybi`of}$ Sb`zfbysgj}f j}, bh mbuy}o, db~ yo}~yjm~on ~b
em~jxo jdlyonjod~}, e} }gb|d, hby owefs`o, jd ed oxe&
`ue~jbd bh ~go ~ei`o~jdl mgeyem~oyj}~jm} bh xo hbyf} by
}byij~b` Q5?V$
Fedz nyul} gexo nodj~o edn }~ei`o myz}~e` geij~}$
Fbysgb`bljme` mgedlo} yeyo`z bmmuy jd }umg nyul} e}
~go hbyfu`e~jbd sybmo}} j} }me`on us$ Gb|oxoy, }bfonyul} owgjij~ sb`zfbysgj}f by gexo njoyod~ jnod~j&
ei o myz}~e geij~}$ Mged edn Nbo aoy yoxjo|on e
dufioy bh nyul} ~ge~ udnoylb sb`zfbysgjm ~yed}hby&
fe~jbd |god ~yj~uye~on jd e fby~ey edn so}~ o Q58V$
]bfo bh ~gojy mbdm`u}jbd} eyo `j}~on jd ^ei`o 5 edn j`&
`u}~ye~on jd Hjl$ 9$ Jd ennj~jbd, e dufioy bh yo&
}oeymgoy} gexo mbdm`unon ~ge~ ib~g sb`zfbysg edn
myz}~e` geij~ jduodmo ~go mbfsem~jij`j~z edn fo&
mgedjme` }~yodl~g ~b ~ei`o~} syoseyon hybf sb`z&
fbysgjm fe~oyje`} Q5895V$ Zbya mbfseyon ~go
mbfsyo}}jij j~z bh desybwod myz}~e`} ~ge~ gen iood}sgoyjme``z ell`bfoye~on |j~g njoyod~ }b`xod~} edn
hbudn ~ge~ }jldjmed~ njoyodmo} owj}~on io~|ood ~go
xeyjbu} ~zso} bh ell`bfoye~o} '}oo Hjl$ =* Q95V$ B~goy
jdxo}~jle~by} gexo hbudn ~ge~, jd }bfo jd}~edmo}, ~goyo
j} e mbyyo`e~jbd io~|ood ~go ye~o bh yoxoy}jbd ~b ~go
fo~e}~ei o hbyf nuyjdl nj}}b`u~jbd edn ~go myz}~e`
lyb|~g ye~o bh ~go }~ei`o hbyf Q99V$ ^go}o sb`zfbysgjm
mgedlo} fez gexo e sybhbudn oom~ bd ~ei`o~ soyhby&
fedmo jd ~oyf} bh sybmo}}jdl, jd xj~yb nj}}b`u~jbd edn
jd xjxb ei}bys~jbd$ ^gu}, hbyfu`e~by} bh }b`jn nb}elo
hbyf} fu}~ io e|eyo bh e }uikom~ mbfsbudn} syb&
sod}j~z hby sb`zfbysgjm ~yed}j~jbd }b ~ge~ e ye~jbde`
essybemg ~b hbyfu`e~jbd med io hb``b|on$
Gjo}~edn ^ei`o~jdl Jdnjmo}
Fe~oyje`} ~ge~ nb db~ mbfsyo}} |o`` sybnumo }bh~ ~e&
i`o~}$ Jd ennj~jbd, iyj~~`o myz}~e``jdo fe~oyje`} |j`` zjo`n
iyj~~`o ~ei`o~}$ Gjo}~edn |e} ~go y}~ sgeyfemou~jme`
}mjod~j}~ ~b ued~jhz ye~jbde` z ~go mbfsem~jbd sybs&
oy~jo} bh sgeyfemou~jme` sb|noy} Q9=97V$ ^go yo}u`~}
^ei`o 5 ]bfo Nyul} ^ge~ _dnoylb Sb`zfbysgjm ^yed}j&
~jbd \god ^yj~uye~on
Nyul
Dufioy bh
sb`zfbysg}
iohbyo ~yj~uye~jbd
Dufioy bh
sb`zfbysg}
eh~oy ~yj~uye~jbd
Ieyij~bdo 9 5
Mehhojdo 9 5
Mg`bysybsefjno = 9
M`odiu~oyb` GM` 9 =
Njszyjnefb`o 9 5
Fesyb~j`jdo GM` = 5
Foiodne{b`o > ?
Dehbwjnjdo GM` > =
Sod~bieyij~bdo = 9
Sgodbieyij~bdo 9 5
]u`heiod{efjno 9 5
]buymo; Yoh$ 58$
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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bh ~gj} |bya eyo ~gyoo jdnjmo} adb|d e} ~go Gjo}~edn
^ei`o~jdl Jdnjmo}$ ^go }~yejd jdnow ']J* j} e foe}uyo bh
~go jd~oyde` od~ybsz, by }~yejd, e}}bmje~on |j~g e ljxod
fe~oyje` |god mbfsem~on$ ^go ibdnjdl jdnow 'IJ* j} e
foe}uyo bh ~go fe~oyje`} eij`j~z ~b hbyf ibdn} edn
udnoylb s`e}~jm ~yed}hbyfe~jbd ~b sybnumo e }uj~ei`o
~ei`o~$ ^go ~gjyn jdnow, ~go iyj~~`o hyem~uyo jdnow 'IHJ*,
j} e foe}uyo bh ~go iyj~~`odo}} bh ~go fe~oyje` edn j~}
mbfsem~$ ^ei`o 9 `j}~} ~go}o jdnjmo} hby e dufioy bh
nyul} edn owmjsjod~}$ Hby fb}~ fe~oyje`}, ~go }~yodl~g
bh ~go ~ei`o~ j} e yo}u`~ bh mbfso~jdl sybmo}}o}$ Hbyowefs o, oyz~gybfzmjd j} e fe~oyje` adb|d hby j~}
~odnodmz ~b mes edn `efjde~o |god ~ei`o~on$ Bd ~go
ie}j} bh j~} IJ xe`uo, bdo fjlg~ owsom~ yo`e~jxo`z lbbn
ibdnjdl$ Gb|oxoy, ~go xoyz gjlg }~yejd jdnow e}}b&
mje~on |j~g ~gj} nyul essoey} ~b bxoymbfo j~} ibdnjdl
eij`j~jo}$ FMM, bd ~go b~goy gedn, ge} xoyz gjlg }~yejd
jdnow, iu~ j~} ibdnjdl jdnow j} owmos~jbde``z gjlg edn
mbfsod}e~o} hby ~gj} oom~$
B~goy jdxo}~jle~by} gexo oxe`ue~on ~go sb~od~je` hby
~go}o jdnjmo}$ Jd ~gojy }~unjo}, \j``jef} edn FmLjddj~z
gexo mbdm`unon ~ge~ oxe`ue~jbd bh }jdl`o&fe~oyje` }z}&
~of} }gbu`n syomono ijdeyz by ~oy~jeyz sb|noy }z}~of}
Q9:V$ E hu`` nj}mu}}jbd bh mbfsem~jbd fomgedj}f} j}ljxod `e~oy jd ~gj} mges~oy$
Xeyjeij`j~z
^go oom~ bh ye| fe~oyje` xeyjeij`j~z bd ~ei`o~ syb&
num~jbd Q9,=3,=5V edn }ullo}~jbd} hby jfsybxjdl ~e&
i`o~jdl ue`j~z bh }~ey~jdl fe~oyje`} Q95V ge} iood ~go
}uikom~ bh }oxoye` sui`jme~jbd}$ ^ei`o =, |gjmg `j}~} ~go
mgeyem~oyj}~jm} bh njoyod~ }buymo} bh feldo}juf
}~oeye~o, m`oey`z j``u}~ye~o} ~go xeyjeij`j~z bh ~gj} fe&
~oyje` Q=9V$ Sgenao edn Ojmgby}~ gexo e`}b mbdyfon
~ge~ }jldjmed~ njoyodmo} med owj}~ io~|ood njoyod~
}buymo}, edn oxod njoyod~ `b~}, bh feldo}juf }~oeye~oQ==V$ Ljxod ~go hem~ ~ge~ ~go oom~jxodo}} bh feldo}juf
}~oeye~o j} nuo, jd `eylo sey~, ~b j~} `eylo }uyhemo eyoe,
~go}o xeyje~jbd} }gbu`n db~ io bxoy`bbaon$ Jd ennj~jbd,
}~unjo} e}}o}}jdl ye| fe~oyje` xeyjeij`j~z ofsge}j{o ~go
doon hby sgz}jme` e} |o`` e} mgofjme` ~o}~jdl bh ye|
fe~oyje`} ~b od}uyo udjhbyfj~z bh ~go de` sybnum~$
Suyj~z
Ye| fe~oyje` suyj~z, jd lodoye`, fu}~ e`}b io ljxod
meyohu` e~~od~jbd$ Esey~ hybf ~go bixjbu} yoe}bd} hby e
gjlg `oxo` bh jd~olyj~z, e} yombldj{on iz ~go yolu`e~byz
youjyofod~}, bdo }gbu`n io e|eyo bh fbyo }ui~`ojfs jme~jbd} ~ge~ eyo soyges} bd`z ku}~ ioljddjdl ~b
ofoylo$ Hby jd}~edmo, }fe ` sybsby~jbd} bh ~go jf&
suyj~z emo~z`}e`jmz`jm edgznyjno gexo iood }gb|d ~b
yonumo ~go nj}}b`u~jbd ye~o bh e}sjyjd j~}o`h '}oo Hjl$ >*
Q=>V$
Edb~goy eyoe bh jd~oyo}~ j} ~ge~ bh fjmybijb`bljme`
mbd~efjde~jbd bh }b`jn nb}elo hbyf}, |gjmg j} ~gbulg~
~b eyj}o mgjoz hybf ye| fe~oyje`} ye~goy ~ged ~go
Hjl$ = Jd~yjd}jm mbfsyo}}jij`j~z bh dbdell`bfoye~on de&
sybwod 'mbd~yb`* edn bh desybwod ~ge~ ge} iood }sgoyjme``z
ell`bfoye~on |j~g njoyod~ }b`xod~}$ 'Hybf Yoh$ 95$*
Hjl$ 9 Soymod~elo bh meojdo cchbyf E ~yed}hbyfon x}$
ess`jon syo}}uyo$ 'Hybf Yoh$ 58$*
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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feduhem~uyjdl sybmo}} Q=?,=8V$ Jiyegjf edn B`uy&jdeb`e fbdj~byon ~go oom~} bh sybnum~jbd, odxjybd&
fod~ edn fo~gbn bh sybnum~jbd, e} |o`` e} fjmybije`
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~gbulg gjlg `oxo`} bh mbd~efjde~jbd |oyo syo}od~
nuyjdl ~go |o~ lyedu`e~jbd sybmo}}, ~go}o `oxo`} |oyo
}jldjmed~ z yonumon nuyjdl ~go nyzjdl sybmo}}$ ^go
jdxo}~jle~by} e`}b hbudn ~ge~ sybnum~} noyjxon hybf
de~uye` byjljd}, }umg e} lo`e~jd} edn }~eymg, med io
mbd~efjde~on goexj`z$
Mbfse~jij`j~z
Bdo de` eyoe ~ge~ }gbu`n io mbd}jnoyon |god mgbb}&
jdl ~go owmjsjod~} ~b io u}on jd ~go ~ei`o~ hbyfu`e~jbd j}
~ge~ bh nyul&owmjsjod~ jd~oyem~jbd}$ ^goyo j} }~j`` fumg
noie~o e} ~b |go~goy owmjsjod~ mbfse~jij j~z ~o}~jdl
}gbu`n io mbdnum~on syjby ~b hbyfu`e~jbd Q=? 5$95
@em~b}o _]S
Edgznybu} 3$7 3$9< 5$>3
Gznybu} He}~&H`b 3$> 3$5: 5$? 9$59]syez&nyjon
E 3$8 3$57 5$>
Fo~gz` mo``u`b}o >$? 3$38 =$39
Fjmybmyz}~e``jdo
mo``u`b}o DH
Exjmo` SG 539 'mbey}o* >$= 3$3> 9$93
Exjmo` SG 535 'hjdo* =$= 3$3> 9$=9 =$7
Syolo`e~jdj{on 5$7 3$5> 9$39
Syolo`e~jdj{on mbfsyo}}ji`o 5$9 3$39 9$37
Fbnjhjon '}~eymg 5?33* 5$? 3$9< 9$=3
]umyb}o DH
E 5$3 3$=? 5$>?
I 3$7 3$>9 5$$*
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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M$ ^ei`o~ Mbfsbdod~}
Mbdxod~jbde` }b`jn nb}elo hbyf} med io njxjnon jd~b
~|b m`e}}o}; ~gb}o ~ge~ nj}jd~olye~o edn ~gb}o ~ge~ nb
db~$ Nj}jd~olye~jdl nb}elo hbyf} yo oe}o nyul iz
iyoeajdl nb|d ~go sgz}jme` jd~olyj~z bh ~go nb}elo
hybf, u}ue``z |j~g ~go ejn bh }b`jn nj}jd~olye~jdl elod~}
by le}&yo`oe}jdl ooyxo}mod~ elod~}$ Dbdnj}jd~olye~jdl
~ei`o~} eyo u}ue``z feno bh }b`ui`o nyul} edn ow&
mjsjod~} ~ge~ |j`` yesjn`z nj}}b`xo jd ~go fbu~g by LJ^
usbd jdlo}~jbd$
\j~g ~go enxod~ bh syb`bdlon&yo`oe}o nb}elo hbyf},
}bfo sgeyfemou~jme` }mjod~j}~} gexo iolud ~b yoleyn
mbdxod~jbde` nj}jd~olye~jdl nb}elo hbyf} e} ccdbd
mbd~yb``on&yo`oe}o$ ^gj} ~oyf j} e fj}dbfoy }jdmo,
|j~g ~go ejn bh cc}usoy&nj}jd~olyed~} edn b~goy ow&
mjsjod~}, ~go nj}jd~olye~jbd bh ~go}o nb}elo hbyf} med
io mbd~yb``on, ib~g ued~j~e~jxo`z edn ue j~e~jxo`z$
Fbyobxoy, ~goyo eyo }~j`` fedz nyul} jd |gjmg yesjne~~ejdfod~ bh ~goyesou~jm `oxo`}, ye~goy ~ged mbd~yb``onyo`oe}o, j} youjyon$ Ede`lo}jm}, ed~jijb~jm}, edn nyul}
hby ~go emu~o ~yoe~fod~ bh edljde som~byj} eyo syjfo
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nyul j} `jioye~on hybf ~go nb}elo hbyf jd }umg e
feddoy ~ge~ nj}}b`u~jbd bh ~go nyul j} fewjfj{on$ Xoyz
bh~od, ~gj} foed} ~ge~ nj}jd~olye~jbd bh ~go ~ei`o~ fu}~
io hb``b|on iz lyedu`ey nj}jd~olye~jbd '}oo Hjl$ ?* ~b
sybfb~o yesjn nj}}b`u~jbd edn, godmo, ei}bys~jbd$
^go jdlyonjod~}, by owmjsjod~}, u}on ~b feao mbf&
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gb|oxoy, ~ge~ hbyfu`e~jbd} doon db~ mbd~ejd e`` ~go~zso} bh jdlyonjod~} `j}~on jd ~gj} ~ei`o$ Moy~ejd ow&
mjsjod~}, }umg e} ed~jbwjned~} edn |o~~jdl elod~}, eyo
u}on bd`z jd }j~ue~jbd} |goyo ~goz eyo owsyo}}`z doonon
~b e}}uyo ~go }~eij`j~z edn }b`uij`j~z bh ~go em~jxo jd&
lyonjod~}$ B~goy owmjsjod~}, }umg e} nj}}b`u~jbd fbnj&
oy}, eyo u}on syjfeyj`z jd mbd~yb``on&yo`oe}o
hbyfu`e~jbd}$ Jd hem~, iz yonumjdl ~go dufioy bh jd&
lyonjod~} jd e hbyfu`e~jbd, bdo |j` lodoye``z io yo&
numjdl ~go dufioy bh sybi`of} ~ge~ med eyj}o jd ~go
feduhem~uyjdl sybmo}}$ Godmo, fedz hbyfu`e~by} en&
goyo ~b ~go fb~~b ccAoos j~ }jfs`o$
Iomeu}o bh ~go de~uyo bh fbnoyd sgeyfemou~jme`
}z}~of}, hbyfu`e~by} gexo feno fbyo mbfs`o~o jd&xo}~jle~jbd} bh ~go fe~oyje`} ~goz u}o$ ^gj} jd~oyo}~ ge}
jnod~jon }oxoye` fe~oyje`} ~ge~ fez gexo fbyo ~ged bdo
u}o jd ~ei`o~on }z}~of}$ ^go ~zso bh oom~ ~ge~ ed ow&
mjsjod~ |j`` sybnumo j} bh~od nosodnod~ usbd ~go mbd&
mod~ye~jbd jd |gjmg j~ j} u}on$ Hby owefs`o, ^ei`o ? `j}~}
}bfo ccfu`~ju}o owmjsjod~} edn ~go mbyyo}sbdnjdl mbd&
mod~ye~jbd yedlo} youjyon hby ~gojy xeyjbu} ess jme~jbd}$
E yo`e~jxo`z do| m`e}} bh ccmb&sybmo}}on owmjsjod~}
db| owj}~}$ ^go}o owmjsjod~} eyo o}}od~je` z e ccsyo&
i`odn bh ~|b by fbyo owmjsjod~} ~ge~ eyo mbffbd`z
u}on jd mbdkudm~jbd |j~g oemg b~goy$
Em~jxo Jdlyonjod~}^go nb}o bh ~go nyul ~b io enfjdj}~oyon ge} e syb&
hbudn oom~ bd ~go no}jld edn hbyfu`e~jbd bh e nb}elo
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xoyz jfsby~ed~ j}}uo} |god noe`jdl |j~g gjlg`z sb~od~
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lodoye`, e} ~go nb}elo jdmyoe}o}, }b nbo} ~go oom~ bh
~go nyul} e~~yjiu~o} bd ~go ~ei`o~$
^ei`o > Jdlyonjod~} _}on jd ^ei`o~ Hbyfu`e~jbd
Em~jxo jdlyonjod~ 'nyul* Nj}}b u~jbd fbnjhjoy}
Hj``oy} Ei}byiod~}
Ijdnoy} 'nyz edn |o~* H`exbyjdl elod~}
Nj}jd~olyed~} Mb`byjdl elod~}
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Ed~jengoyed~}
Hjl$ ? Ei}bys~jbd bh e nyul hybf ed jd~em~ ~ei`o~$
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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]bfo~jfo} sybmo}}jdl med eom~ ~go sey~jm`o fby&
sgb`blz bh ~go em~jxo jdlyonjod~$ ^gj} jd ~uyd fez `oen
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fbysgj}f j} db~ oxjnodmon$
Hj``oy}
Ed jdmyoe}jdl dufioy bh nyul} eyo gjlg`z sb~od~ edn
eyo ~gu} u}on jd xoyz `b| nb}elo}$ Jd bynoy ~b sybnumo
~ei`o~} bh e yoe}bdei`o }j{o 'j$o$, fjdjfuf njefo~oy bh
= ff*, j~ j} domo}}eyz ~b nj`u~o ~go nyul |j~g ed jdoy~
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jdm`unjdl `b| mb}~ edn lbbn ~ei`o~jdl ue`j~jo}$ J~ fez
io sb}}ji`o, jd }bfo jd}~edmo}, ~b mbfijdo ~go yb`o bhnj`uod~ |j~g e njoyod~ sybsoy~z, }umg e} nj}jd~olyed~
by exbyjdl elod~$
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seye~jxo sybsoy~jo} eyo `j}~on jd ^ei`o 8$ E} med io }ood
iz ~gj} `j}~, ib~g byledjm edn jdbyledjm fe~oyje`} eyo
u}on e} ``oy} edn ijdnoy}$ ^go byledjm fe~oyje`} u}on
eyo syjfeyj`z meyibgznye~o} iomeu}o bh ~gojy lodoye`
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^ei`o ? ]bfo Fu`~js`o&_}o Owmjsjod~} hby ^ei`o~ Hbyfu`e~jbd
Owmjsjod~6mbdmod~ye~jbd jd hbyfu`e _}o
O~gz`mo``u`b}o
5=/ \o~ by nyz ijdnoy
5=/ Mbd~yb``on&yo`oe}o mbe~jdlL`zmoyz` se`fj~b}~oeye~o
3?/ @uiyjmed~
53?3/ Mbd~yb``on&yo`oe}o owmjsjod~
Gznybwzsybsz`fo~gz` mo``u`b}o 'GSFM*, `b|
xj}mb}j~z
9?/ \o~ by nyz ijdnoy
953/ Hj`f hbyfoy
?9?/ Mbd~yb``on&yo`oe}o owmjsjod~
Feldo}juf e`ufjduf }j`jme~o
953/ Ijdnoy
953/ Nj}jd~olyed~
Fjmybmyz}~e``jdo mo``u`b}o 'FMM*
37/ Jfsybxo engo}jbd bh hj`f mbe~ ~b mbyo
3$93$?/ L`jned~?93/ Ed~jengoyed~
?93/ Nj}jd~olyed~
?:?/ Ijdnoy6hj``oySb`zo~gz`odo l`zmb`
353/ @uiyjmed~
35?/ ^goyfbs`e}~jm hj``oy6ijdnoy?>3/ Mbd~yb``on&yo`oe}o owmjsjod~
Sb`z'fo~gemyz`e~o}*
953/ Hj`f hbyfoy
?93/ Mbd~yb``on&yo`oe}o owmjsjod~
53?3/ Hj``oy
?53/ Mbe~jdl owmjsjod~
Sb`z'xjdz` szyyb`jnbdo* 'Sbxjnbdo, SXS*
?5?/ \o~ ijdnoy?53/ Mbe~jdl owmjsjod~
?=3/ Nj}jd~olyed~
53=?/ Mbd~yb``on&yo`oe}o owmjsjod~
]~eymg
=5?/ Jd~yelyedu`ey ijdnoy6nj}jd~olyed~?9?/ \o~ ijdnoy
?93/ Nj}jd~olyed~
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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|o`` e} ~gojy hyoonbf hybf ~bwjmj~z, emmos~ei`o ~e}~o,
edn yoe}bdei`o }b`uij`j~z syb`o}$
Bdo bh ~go fb}~ mbffbd`z u}on meyibgznye~o} jdmbfsyo}}on ~ei`o~} j} `em~b}o$ \bya iz Ib`guj} edn
@oya Q>3V edn ]gedlye| o~ e`$ Q8V ge} nofbd}~ye~on
~ge~ e`` `em~b}o} eyo db~ oujxe`od~ e} no~oyfjdon iz
mgofjme`, sgz}jbmgofjme`, edn hudm~jbde` foe}uyo&
fod~}$ Jd ennj~jbd ~b ~go xeyjbu} sey~jm`o&}j{o lyeno} bh
dbyfe` gznybu} `em~b}o, bdo med suymge}o }syez&nyjon
`em~b}o, |gjmg j} ed ell`bfoye~o bh e&`em~b}o fbdb&
gznye~o myz}~e`} |j~g us ~b 53/ efbysgbu} fe~oyje`$
]syez&nyjon `em~b}o ge} xoyz lbbn b| sybsoy~jo}, iu~
j~} sbby mbfsyo}}jbd mgeyem~oyj}~jm} youjyo ~go ennj&
~jbd bh e ijdnoy }umg e} FMM$ Gb|oxoy, bdo sey~jmu`ey
iyedn bh }sgoyjme` myz}~e``jdo6efbysgbu} ell`bfoy&
e~o, He}~&H`b 'DH gznybu}*, sb}}o}}o} }usoyjby mbf&syo}}jij j~z edn nj}}b`u~jbd mgeyem~oyj}~jm}$ ^go
}sgoyjme` de~uyo bh ~go myz}~e`} feao ~gof fbyo
mbfsyo}}ji`o ~ged }syez&nyjon ell`bfoye~o} bh `em~b}o
Q>5V$ Edgznybu} `em~b}o ge} e`}b iood u}on e} e nj`uod~,
sey~jmu`ey`z jd njyom~ mbfsyo}}jbd hbyfu`e~jbd} |goyo
`b| fbj}~uyo mbd~od~ j} no}jyei`o, }jdmo j~ ge} xoyz
lbbn }~eij`j~z edn e yonumon ~odnodmz ~b mb`by usbd
eljdl$ Edb~goy enxed~elo jd ~go u}o bh edgznybu}`em~b}o j} ~ge~ j~} jd}od}j~jxj~z ~b ~ofsoye~uyo mgedlo}
e` b|} j~ ~b io yo|byaon |j~g yo`e~jxo oe}o$ _d&
hby~ude~o z, j~} b| sybsoy~jo} eyo db~ sey~jmu`ey`z
lbbn edn j~} mbfsyo}}jij`j~z j} jdhoyjby ~b b~goy hbyf}bh `em~b}o$ Bdo fu}~ e`}b ljxo e~~od~jbd, ~gbulg, ~b ~gj}
mbfsbdod~} }~eij`j~z, e} eljdl fez enxoy}o`z eom~
~go}o sybsoy~jo}$
]bfo b~goy }uley} eyo db| iojdl sybnumon jd }so&
mje` lyeno} ~b foo~ ~go doon} bh ~go sgeyfemou~jme`
jdnu}~yz$ Fb}~ bh ~go}o sybnum~} mbd~ejd mbfijde~jbd}
bh }umyb}o |j~g jdxoy~ }uley by fbnjon now~yjd} edn
eyo bh sey~jmu`ey xe`uo jd ~go hbyfu`e~jbd bh mgo|ei`o
~ei o~}$ Jd ennj~jbd, myz}~e``jdo fe`~b}o edn njyom~`z
mbfsyo}}ji`o lyeno} bh hyum~b}o eyo muyyod~`z exej`ei`o
edn gexo lejdon e `eylo nolyoo bh emmos~edmo jd ~go
ccdu~yemou~jme` jdnu}~yz Q>5eV$
]~eymg j} bh~od mj~on e} e ``oy, iu~ j~ j} fbyo mbf&fbd`z u}on jd j~} nyz }~e~o e} e nj}jd~olye~jdl elod~$
Gb|oxoy, fbnjon }~eymgo} }umg e} ]~eYw 5?33 edn
De~jbde` 5??5 'sey~je``z gznyb`z{on, by syolo`e~jdj{on
}~eymg* eyo feyao~on hby njyom~ mbfsyo}}jbd edn es&
soey ~b boy ~go enxed~elo bh }ui}~ed~je` fomgedjme`
}~yodl~g edn yesjn nyul yo`oe}o$
Moy~ejd jdbyledjm }e`~} eyo e`}b u}on e} ``oy}$ ]bfo
mbffbd owefs`o} eyo `j}~on jd ^ei`o < ~blo~goy |j~g~gojy mbfseye~jxo sybsoy~jo}$ Efbdl ~go fb}~ sbsu`ey
^ei`o 8 Mbfseye~jxo Sybsoy~jo} bh ]bfo Njyom~`z Mbfsyo}}ji`o Hj``oy}e
Hj``oy Mbfsem~jij`j~z H`b|eij`j~z ]b`uij`j~z Nj}jd~olye~jbd Gzlyb}mbsjmj~z @uiyjmj~z ]~eij`j~z
Now~yb}o = 9 > 9 5 9 =
]syez&nyjon `em~b}o = ? > = 5 9 >
He}~&H`b `em~b}o > > > > 5 9 >Edgznybu} `em~b}o 9 = > > ? 9 >
Ofnow 'now~ye~o}* ? > ? = 5 9 =
]umyb}o > = ? > > 5 >
]~eymg 9 5 3 > = = =
]~eymg 5?33 = 9 9 > = 9 >
Njme`mjuf sgb}sge~o = > 5 9 5 9 ?
Exjmo` 'FMM* ? 5 3 9 9 > ?
eLyenon bd e }me`o hybf ? 'lbbn6gjlg* nb|d ~b 5 'sbby6`b|*1 3 foed} dbdo$
^ei`o < Mbfseye~jxo Sybsoy~jo} bh ]bfo Jdbyledjm Hj``oy}e
Hj``oy Exej`eij`j~z Fomgedjme` ]b`uij`j~z Ei}byiodmz Emjn6ie}o Eiye}jxodo}} @uiyjmj~z
Me`mjuf meyibde~o 9 > 3 = Ie}o 9 5
Njme`mjuf sgb}sge~o 9 9 3 > Ie}o 9 3
Me`mjuf ~yjsgb}sge~o = 9 3 ? Ie}o 9 3
Feldo}juf meyibde~o 9 9 3 > Ie}o 5 5
]bnjuf mg`byjno ? ? ? 5 Dou~ye` = 9
eLyenon bd e }me`o hybf ? 'lbbn6gjlg* nb|d ~b 5 'sbby6`b|*1 3 foed} dbdo$
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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j} njme`mjuf sgb}sge~o njgznye~o, e mbfseye~jxo`z `b|&
mb}~ jd}b`ui`o nj`uod~ |j~g lbbn sb|noy b| sb~od~je`
iu~ jdgoyod~`z sbby mbfsyo}}jbd mgeyem~oyj}~jm} Q>5V$ J~
j} jfsby~ed~ ~b db~o ~ge~ ~gj} fe~oyje` j} }`jlg~`z e`ae&
`jdo edn ~gu} fu}~ db~ io u}on |goyo ~go em~jxo jd&
lyonjod~ j} }od}j~jxo ~b sG xe`uo} bh 8$*
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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lyedu`e~jdl ujn u}on med gexo sybhbudn oom~} bd e
~ei`o~} fomgedjme` }~yodl~g edn nj}jd~olye~jbd ~jfo
Q>7V }gb|on ~ge~ e ijdnoy med io u}ohu`
hby e ljxod sybmo}} iu~ fez db~ io udjxoy}e``z u}ohu`$
^goz }~unjon lo`e~jd jd lyedu`e~jbd} feno iz yb``oy&mbfsem~jbd, mbdxod~jbde` |o~ lyedu`e~jbd, edn }syez&
nyzjdl$ ^go}o yo}oeymgoy} hbudn }syez nyzjdl ~b io ~go
syohoyyon fo~gbn bh lyedu`e~jbd hby lo`e~jd&lyedu`e~on
emo~efjdbsgod$ ^goz gzsb~go}j{on ~ge~ ~gj} |e} nuo
~b ~go jfsybxon nj}~yjiu~jbd bh ~go ijdnoy jd ~gj} }z}&
~of$ ]~unjo} oxe`ue~jdl ~go jduodmo bh SXS&ie}on
lyedu`e~jdl fo~gbn} bd lyedu`o} bh `em~b}o edn FMM
hbudn ~ge~ FMM lyedu o} 's`e}~jme` z nohbyfei`o*
|oyo gjlg`z nosodnod~ bd lyedu`e~jdl fo~gbn |gj`o
iyj~~`o `em~b}o lyedu`o} |oyo db~ 'iyj~~ o* Q>7eV$
Mgb|ged }gb|on ~ge~ mbd}jnoyei`o xeyjeij`j~z bh~od
bmmuy} |god }me`o&us bh e lyedu`e~jbd ~eao} s`emo$ Go
nofbd}~ye~on ~ge~ e fekby hem~by jd }me`o&us j} ~gonyul j~}o`h, |gjmg fez youjyo fbyo by `o}} lyedu`e~jdl
ujn edn ijdnoy ~b feao e }uj~ei`o ~ei`o~$ Go e`}b
hbudn ~ge~ ~gj} fez jfsem~ ~go nyul yo`oe}o edn ~gu}
ijbexej`eij`j~z bh ~go nb}elo hbyf Q>:V$
Jzoy o~ e $ Q?3V jdxo}~jle~on ~go oom~} bh yb~b&
lyedu`e~jbd bd ~go soyhbyfedmo bh gznybwzsybsz
fo~gz`mo``u`b}o 'GSFM*, lo e~jd, edn sb`z'&
xjdz`szyyb`jnbdo* 'Sbxjnbdo, SXS*$ Jd ~gj} sybmo}}, e``
~gyoo ijdnoy} sybnumon }jfj`ey yo}u`~}$ Gb|oxoy,
GSFM |e} syohoyyon nuo ~b syb`bdlon nyul yo`oe}o
syb`o}, }fe` oy sey~jm`o }j{o, edn io~~oy mbd~od~
udjhbyfj~z$
^go u}o bh gznybwzsybsz` mo``u`b}o 'GSM*, e ijdnoy,
ge} jdmyoe}on jd yomod~ zoey} Q?3e?3mV$ ^gj} fe~oyje`
ge} iood }gb|d ~b yonumo ~go jdmjnodmo bh messjdl
|god mbfseyon |j~g FMM, SXS, edn }~eymg Q?3eV$ Jd
ennj~jbd, `b| }ui}~j~u~on lyeno} bh GSM med e`}b io
u}on e} e ``oy6 ijdnoy Q?3iV$Zbya, yoxjo|on ~go }b`jn&}~e~o sybsoy~jo} bh }b`jn}
edn }gb|on ~ge~ ib~g jd~yjd}jm edn jdnumon sybsoy~jo}
med gexo e sybhbudn oom~ bd |o~~eij`j~z edn sybmo}&
}jdl Q?5V$ Jd ennj~jbd, @oya o~ e`$ Q?9,?=V jdxo}~jle~on
~go }uyhemo mgeyem~oyj}~jm} bh e dufioy bh nyul} edn
}gb|on ~ge~ ~go mbd~em~ edl`o} med xeyz lyoe~`z no&
sodnjdl bd ~go nyul '}oo ^ei`o :*$ Bh jd~oyo}~ j} ~go
njoyodmo jd |o~~eij`j~z bh njoyod~ myz}~e``jdo hbyf} bh
~go }efo nyul Q?9,?=V$ ^go}o sybsoy~jo} |j` gexo e
sybhbudn oom~ bd ~go eij j~z bh xeyjbu} ijdnoy} ~b
hudm~jbd e} |o`` e} mgedlo ~go sybmo}}jdl seyefo~oy}
doonon ~b oom~ sybsoy lyedu`e~jbd$
Nj}jd~olyed~}
Hby fb}~ ~ei`o~}, j~ j} domo}}eyz ~b bxoymbfo ~go mb&
go}jxo }~yodl~g jd~ybnumon jd~b ~go fe}} iz mbfsyo}&
}jbd$ J~ j} ~goyohbyo mbffbd syem~jmo ~b jdmbysbye~o ed
owmjsjod~, me` on e nj}jd~olyed~, |gjmg jdnumo} ~gj}
sybmo}}$ ]oxoye` ~zso}, em~jdl iz njoyod~ fomgedj}f},
fez io nj}~jdluj}gon; 'e* ~gb}o ~ge~ odgedmo ~go em~jbd
bh mesj``eyz hbymo} jd sybnumjdl e yesjn us~eao bh
euobu} `jujn}, 'i* ~gb}o ~ge~ }|o`` bd mbd~em~ |j~g
|e~oy, 'm* ~gb}o ~ge~ yo`oe}o le}o} ~b nj}yus~ ~go ~ei`o~
^ei`o 7 ]bfo Mbffbd`z _}on \o~ Ijdnoy} edn Lyedu`e~jdl H`ujn}
Defo ]~yodl~g '/* Mbffod~}
Ememje fumj`eloe 5? Sybnumo} geyn, hyjei`o lyedu`o}
Mo``u`b}o noyjxe~o}e ?53 GSFMi j} fb}~ mbffbd
O~gedb` Ess`jon ~b oe}j`z gznye~ei`o fe~oyje`
Lo`e~jd }b`u~jbd} 5393 Lo`} |god mb`n, ~goyohbyo u}o |eyf1 }~ybdl
engo}jxo1 u}on jd `b{odlo}1 `o}} }uj~ei`o jd
|eyf fbj}~ m`jfe~o}
L`umb}o }zyus} 9??3 ]~ybdl engo}jxo1 ~ei`o~} fez }bh~od jd gjlg
gufjnj~z
Sbxjnbdo ?5? Njhhoyod~ F\ lyeno} ljxo xeyzjdl yo}u`~}]~eymg fumj`eloe ?53 Bdo bh io}~ lodoye` ijdnoy}1 io~~oy |god u}on
|eyf
]umyb}o }zyus}e 8?7? ]~ybdl`z engo}jxo1 ~ei`o~} fez }bh~od jd gjlg
gufjnj~z
^yelemed~g fumj`eloe 5393 Sybnumo} geyn, hyjei`o lyedu`o}
\e~oy Ess`jon ~b oe}j`z gznye~ei`o fe~oyje`
eFez e`}b io ennon e} nyz sb|noy ~b ~go hbyfu`e~jbd, iu~ ~gj} j} `o}} ohmjod~ ~ged `jujn syoseye~jbd$iGznybwzsybsz`fo~gz`mo``u`b}o$
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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}~yum~uyo, edn 'n* ~gb}o ~ge~ no}~ybz ~go ijdnoy iz
od{zfe~jm em~jbd$
^go fo~gbn bh ennj~jbd ge} e`}b yomojxon e~~od~jbd$
Jd sey~jmu`ey, nuyjdl |o~ lyedu`e~jbd, ~go ennj~jbd bh
~go nj}jd~olyed~ iohbyo 'jd~yelyedu`ey* by eh~oy 'ow~ye&
lyedu`ey* ~go lyedu`e~jbd sybmo}} ge} iood jdxo}~jle~on
'}oo Hjl}$ 7 edn :* Q?>V$ ^go ow~yelyedu`ey sby~jbd
od}uyo} yesjn nj}jd~olye~jbd, |gj`o ~go jd~yelyedu`ey
hyem~jbd `oen} ~b geynoy ~ei`o~} edn e doy }j{o nj}&
~yjiu~jbd bd nj}soy}jbd$ ^go mbd}od}u} bh ~go sui&
`j}gon sesoy} bd ~gj} ~bsjm essoey} ~b io ~ge~ ~goyo eyo
enxed~elo} ~b io lejdon jd njxjnjdl ~go nj}jd~olyed~
jd~b ib~g ow~ye& edn jd~yelyedu`ey sby~jbd}, |j~g io&
~|ood 93 edn ?3/ iojdl ow~oyde`$ Hby owefs`o, 9$?/
jd~yelyedu`ey edn 59$?/ ow~yelyedu`ey nj}jd~olyed~
sybnumon ~go io}~ bxoye` soyhbyfedmo jd ~ei`o~} bhme`mjuf by~gbsgb}sge~o Q??V$
\e~oy _s~eao$ ^goyo j} oxjnodmo ~b }ullo}~ ~ge~
|e~oy us~eao meu}on iz mesj``eyz hbymo} j} ~go myumje`
hem~by jd ~go nj}jd~olye~jbd sybmo}} bh fedz
hbyfu`e~jbd}$ Jd }umg }z}~of} ~go sbyo }~yum~uyo bh
~go ~ei`o~ j} bh syjfo jfsby~edmo edn edz jdgoyod~
gznybsgbijmj~z bh ~go ~ei`o~ fe}} |j ` enxoy}o`z
eom~ j~$ ^goyohbyo, nj}jd~olyed~} jd ~gj} lybus fu}~
io ei`o ~b fejd~ejd e sbybu} }~yum~uyo jd ~go
mbfsyo}}on ~ei`o~ edn }gb| e `b| jd~oyhemje` ~od}jbd
~b|eyn} euobu} ujn}$ Yesjn sodo~ye~jbd iz |e~oy
~gybulgbu~ ~go od~jyo ~ei`o~ fe~yjw ~b hemj`j~e~o j~}iyoeaus j} ~gu} emgjoxon$ Mbdmod~ye~jbd} bh
nj}jd~olyed~ ~ge~ od}uyo e mbd~jdubu} fe~yjw bh
nj}jd~olyed~ eyo no}jyei`o edn `oxo`} bh io~|ood ? edn
93/ eyo mbffbd$
\e~oy us~eao ge} iood jfs`jme~on e} e fomgedj}f
bh em~jbd hby ~ei`o~ nj}jd~olyed~}$ Aged edn Ygbno}
}~unjon ~go en}bys~jbd edn ei}bys~jbd sybsoy~jo} bh
xeyjbu} nj}jd~olyed~} Q?8V$ ^goz mbdm`unon ~ge~ ~go
^ei`o : Mbd~em~ Edl`o} hby ]bfo Sb|noy}
Fe~oyje` Mbd~em~ edl`o 'h*
Emo~z`}e`jmz`jm emjn
Efjdbsgz``jdo >:
Jdnbfo~gemjd :3
@em~b}o =3
Feldo}juf }~oeye~o 595
Sgodz`iu~e{bdo 53:
Syondj}b`bdo >=
Syondj}bdo 8=
]~oeyjm emjn :7]u`hemo~efjno ?7
^b`iu~efjno $*
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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eij`j~z bh sey~jm`o} ~b nye| |e~oy jd~b ~go sbybu} do~&
|bya bh e ~ei`o~ '|jmajdl* |e} o}}od~je` hby omjod~
nj}jd~olye~jbd$ \bya mbdnum~on iz Fj~yoxok edn Gb`&
`odioma }ui}~ed~je~o} ~go}o m`ejf} Q?
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Ib~g }onjfod~e~jbd xb`ufo} edn }|o `jdl ye~o}
|oyo oxe`ue~on iz Yundjm o~ e`$, |gb hbudn e sbby
mbyyo`e~jbd io~|ood ~go }~e~jm ~o}~ '}onjfod~e~jbd*
edn nj}jd~olyed~ omjodmz QV$ Jd ennj~jbd, ~goz
hbudn ~ge~ }|o` jdl ~o}~}, }umg e} ~gb}o yosby~on
eibxo, eyo nosodnod~ usbd e dufioy bh xeyjei`o}jdm`unjdl |e~oy ~yed}sby~ ~gybulg e lo` `ezoy edn
ye~o} bh gznye~jbd$ ^go}o jdxo}~jle~by} noxo`bson
fo~gbn} ~b oxe`ue~o jd~yjd}jm }|o `jdl ~gybulg ~go
u}o bh gjlg&}soon mjdofjmyb}mbsz jd mbdkudm~jbd |j~g
mbfsu~oyj{on jfelo ede`z}j}$ E`~gbulg ~gojy fo~gbn
e``b|on hby fbyo emmuye~o edn syomj}o foe}uyo bh
}|o``jdl, ~goz mbdm`unon ~ge~ ib~g iu`a }|o``jdl edn
jd~yjd}jm }|o``jdl sybnumon }jfj ey yeda bynoy nj}jd&
~olyed~ }|o` jdl ye~o}$
E`` bh ~go jdxo}~jle~jbd} no}myjion eibxo gexo s`emon
jfsby~edmo db~ bd`z bd ~go ow~od~ bh }|o``jdl, iu~ e`}b
bd ~go ye~o e~ |gjmg }|o``jdl noxo`bs}$ Jd ennj~jbd, j~ j}
jfsby~ed~ ~b udnoy}~edn ~ge~, e} sey~jm`o} }|o``, ~goyofu}~ io `j~~`o by db emmbffbne~jbd} iz ~go ~ei`o~
fe~yjw ~b ~ge~ }|o``jdl$ Jh ~go fe~yjw zjo`n} o`e}~jmj~z ~b
~go }|o``jdl, `j~~`o by db hbymo |j`` io owsodnon bd ~go
}z}~of edn nj}jd~olye~jbd |j`` db~ ~eao s`emo$ Jh ~go
fe~yjw j} yjljn edn nbo} db~ emmbffbne~o }|o``jdl,
gb|oxoy, noellyole~jbd by nj}jd~olye~jbd |j`` bmmuy$
Bdo lodoye` sybi`of |j~g ~gj} lybus bh nj}jd&
~olyed~} j} ~ge~ usbd }|o``jdl, fedz nj}jd~olyed~}
sybnumo e }~jmaz by lo`e~jdbu} fe}} ~ge~ yo}j}~}
iyoeaus bh ~go ~ei`o~, feajdl j~ sey~jmu`ey`z jfsby~ed~
~b bs~jfj{o ~go mbdmod~ye~jbd syo}od~ |j~gjd ~go
lyedu`e~jbd$ Hby owefs`o, }bfo sb|noyon luf}, }umg
e} eley, aeyeze, by ~yelemed~g, }|o ` mbd}jnoyei`z
|god |o~, iu~ ~gojy sybdbudmon engo}jxodo}} `jfj~}~gojy xe`uo e} nj}jd~olyed~} edn yo}~yjm~} ~go fewjfuf
mbdmod~ye~jbd ~b |gjmg ~goz med io oom~jxo`z u}on ~b
essybwjfe~o`z ?/ bh ~ei`o~ |ojlg~$ Iomeu}o ~go}o
}ui}~edmo} eyo dbd}zd~go~jm, ~goz e`}b owgjij~ mbd&
}jnoyei`o `b~&~b&`b~ xeyjeij`j~z, eyo `jei`o ~b fjmyb&
ijb`bljme` mbd~efjde~jbd, edn med io uj~o owsod}jxo$
Gb|oxoy, e`ljdjm emjn edn j~} }bnjuf }e`~ gexo }u&
mjod~ }|o `jdl |j~g fjdjfuf }~jmajdo}}, edn mbd&
mod~ye~jbd} e} `b| e} > by ?/ eyo bh~od enoue~o$ ^go
}fe`` `oxo`} bh e`ljde~o} youjyon mbfsod}e~o hby ~go
}bfo|ge~ gjlg mb}~ bh ~go}o fe~oyje`}$E`~gbulg ud~yoe~on }~eymgo} nb db~ }|o ` }u&
mjod~`z, moy~ejd fbnjon hbyf}, }umg e} }bnjuf }~eymg
l`zmb`e~o, nb }|o`` jd mb`n |e~oy edn eyo io~~oy e}
nj}jd~olyed~}$ Xeyjbu} mo``u`b}o noyjxe~jxo}, jdm`unjdl
fo~gz`mo``u`b}o edn meyibwzfo~gz`mo``u`b}o, gexo iood
u}on jd ~gj} yb`o, iu~ |j~g `jfj~on }ummo}} nuo ~b ~go
feyaon jdmyoe}o jd xj}mb}j~z ~goz sybnumo eybudn ~go
nj}soy}jdl ~ei`o~ fe}}$
Le} Sybnum~jbd$ Le}&sybnumjdl nj}jd~olyed~} eyo
u}on |god o}somje``z yesjn nj}jd~olye~jbd by e yoenj`z
}b`ui`o hbyfu`e~jbd j} youjyon QV$ Go hbudn ~ge~ ~go
nohbyfon sey~jm`o} yo~uydon ~b ~gojy dbyfe` }geso}|god owsb}on ~b |e~oy$ \bya mbfs`o~on iz Hugyoy
zjo`non }jfj ey yo}u`~} Q
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SEY^JM@O YOS_@]JBD ^GOBYZ$ Edb~goy ~gobyz bh
~ei`o~ nj}jd~olye~jbd e~~ofs~} ~b ows`ejd ~go }|o``jdl bh
~ei`o~} feno |j~g ccdbd}|o` ei`o }~eymg$ Luzb~&
Goyfedd edn Yjdleyn gexo sybsb}on e sey~jm`o
yosu`}jbd ~gobyz ie}on usbd ~go bi}oyxe~jbd ~ge~
sey~jm o} ~ge~ nb db~ }oof ~b }|o`` fez }~j `nj}jd~olye~o ~ei`o~} Q88V$ Jd ~gojy }~unz ~goz e`~oyon
~go njo`om~yjm mbd}~ed~ bh ~go nj}jd~olye~jdl fonje jd
ed oby~ ~b jnod~jhz o`om~yjm yosu`}jxo hbymo} e} ~go
fomgedj}f bh nj}jd~olye~jbd edn mbdm`unon ~ge~
|e~oy j} youjyon hby ~ei`o~ nj}jd~olye~jbd$ ^go}o
jdxo}~jle~by} o}sbu}on yosu`}jbd, }ombdneyz ~b
|jmajdl, e} ~go syjfeyz fomgedj}f bh em~jbd hby e``
~ei`o~ nj}jd~olyed~}$
GOE^ BH \O^^JDL$ Fe~}ufeyu |e} ~go y}~ ~b
sybsb}o ~ge~ ~go goe~ bh |o~~jdl bh nj}jd~olyed~
sey~jm`o} mbu`n io e fomgedj}f bh em~jbd Q
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^go}o }~unjo} }gb|on ~ge~ ~go }|o `jdl ~b ~go nj}jd&
~olyed~ sey~jm`o} |e} jdxoy}o`z sybsby~jbde` ~b ~go `oxo`
bh }ui}~j~u~jbd Q73V$
E dufioy bh sui`j}gon }~unjo} gexo no}myjion ~go
u}o bh xeyjbu} }ui}~edmo} e} ~ei`o~ nj}jd~olyed~}$ Yo&
xjo|} iz @b|od~ge` edn Aedjl edn Yundjm gexo ioodsui`j}gon bd ~go xeyjbu} elod~} u}on ~b iyjdl eibu~
~ei`o~ nj}jd~olye~jbd Q
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`e~~oy med io }umjod~`z e`ae`jdo ~b yoem~ |j~g moy~ejd
efjdo }e`~} }umg e} efjdbsgz``jdo, yo}u`~jdl jd ~go yo&
`oe}o bh hyoo ie}o edn nj}mb`bye~jbd bh ~go ~ei`o~$
Sui`j}gon hbyfu`e} }gb| `oxo`} bh ~go}o `uiyjmed~}
io~|ood 5 edn >/, iu~ ~goyo j} oxjnodmo ~b }gb| ~ge~,
jd fedz me}o}, ~goz med io yonumon ~b e} `j~~`o e} 3$9?/
|j~gbu~ }jldjmed~ z eom~jdl ~go `uiyjme~jbd bh ~go
}z}~of$
@jujn seyed}, sey~jmu`ey`z ~gb}o bh `b| xj}mb}j~z,
gexo iood u}on edn eyo }ejn ~b io bh xe`uo hby mb`byon
~ei`o~}, edn oxod ~go u}o bh fbnjon xolo~ei`o} ge}iood e~~ofs~on$ Gb|oxoy, ~goz essoey, jd lodoye`, ~b
boy `j~~`o enxed~elo bxoy }b`jn `uiyjmed~}, edn ~gojy
jdmbysbye~jbd jd~b ~go syombfsyo}}jbd fjw~uyo j} fbyo
njmu`~, youjyjdl }b`u~jbd jd e xb`e~j`o `jujn ~ge~ j}
~god }syezon bd~b ~go ud`uiyjme~on fe~oyje`$ Nuo ~b
gedn jdl edn OSE youjyofod~}, ~go}o fe~oyje`} eyo
bh~od yokom~on jd ~go syohbyfu`e~jbd }~elo$
J}b`e~on yohoyodmo} jd ~go `j~oye~uyo no}myjio ~go u}o
~b ~e`m e} e `uiyjmed~, iu~ ~gj} fe~oyje` j} io~~oy yo&
leynon e} e l jned~ Q797?V$ J~ ge} }oxoye` nj}&
enxed~elo}, jdm`unjdl j~} jd}b`uij`j~z jd ibnz ujn} edn
~go eiye}jxodo}} hbudn |god u}jdl e`` iu~ ~go do}~
lyeno} bh ~gj} fe~oyje`$ Hjde` z, j~ `b}o} }bfo bh j~}oom~jxodo}} eh~oy mbfsyo}}jbd }b ~ge~ ~ei`o~} mbd&
~ejdjdl ~e`m meddb~ io yoenj`z yo|byaon |j~gbu~ ow~ye
ued~j~jo} bh j~ iojdl ennon ~b ~go hbyfu`e~jbd$
]b`ui`o @uiyjmed~}$ Iomeu}o bh ~go e}}bmje~jbd bh`uiyjmed~ sybsoy~jo} |j~g `jsbsgj`jm fe~oyje`} 'edn
godmo sbby euobu} }b`uij j~z*, e`~oyde~jxo, fbyo
gznybsgj`jm fe~oyje`} gexo iood jdxo}~jle~on$ ]b`ui`o
`uiyjmed~} nb db~ essoey ~b io e} omjod~ jd
`uiyjme~jdl ~ei`o~ }z}~of} e} ~gojy jd}b`ui o
mbud~oysey~} Q79V$ Yomojxjdl jdmyoe}jdl e~~od~jbd jd
~gj} mbd~ow~ j} e lybus bh }b`ui o, jh `o}} oom~jxo,
`uiyjmed~} ~ge~ e`}b sb}}o}} }uyhem~ed~ ue`j~jo} edn
eyo ~zsjon iz ~go `euyz` }u`he~o}$ Hby owefs`o, |god~ei`o~} `uiyjme~on |j~g }bnjuf `euyz` }u he~o |oyo
mbfseyon ~b ~gb}o `uiyjme~on |j~g feldo}juf
}~oeye~o, ~go ~ei o~} mbd~ejdjdl }bnjuf `euyz` }u`he~o
owgjij~on e }jldjmed~`z gjlgoy ye~o bh nj}}b`u~jbd$
Sgz}jme` fjw~uyo} bh ~go `uiyjmed~ |j~g }~oeye~o} med
`oen ~b ~go io}~ mbfsybfj}o jd ~oyf} by `uiyjmj~z,
~ei o~ }~yodl~g, edn nj}jd~olye~jbd$ Yomod~ z,
feldo}juf `euyz` }u`he~o ge} iood hbudn ~b gexo ed
e~~yem~jxo ie`edmo bh ~go}o sybsoy~jo}, e`~gbulg
youjyjdl e mbdmod~ye~jbd bh ?/ ~b sybxjno ~go }efo
`uiyjme~jdl omjodmz e} 9/ feldo}juf }~oeye~o$
]bfo bh ~go }zd~go~jm, }b`ui`o, |ew&`jao sb`zfoy},
~zsjon iz ~go gjlg fb omu`ey |ojlg~ sb`zo~gz odol`zmb } 'SOL}*, gexo e`}b iood u}on e} }b`ui o `u&
iyjmed~}$ SOL >333 edn 8333 gexo iood jdxo}~jle~on,
iu~ ~gojy `uiyjmed~ omjodmz j} `o}} ~ged ~ge~ bh fel&
do}juf }~oeye~o$ Jd e~~ofs~} ~b dn ~go bs~jfuf `u&
iyjmed~ hybf e` }~ednsbjd~}, mbfijde~jbd} bh
sb`zfoy} }umg e} sb`zbwzo~gz`odo fbdb}~oeye~o} edn
sb`zbwo~gz`odo `euyz` }u`he~o} gexo udnoylbdo `jfj~on
~yje`}, |j~g }bfo odmbuyeljdl yo}u`~}, iu~ fbyo jd&
hbyfe~jbd j} youjyon$
L`jned~}$ L`jned~} eyo ennon ~b ~go hbyfu`e~jbd jd
bynoy ~b jfsybxo ~go b| sybsoy~jo} bh ~go fe~oyje` ~b
io hon jd~b ~go njo edn }bfo~jfo} ejn jd sey~jm`o
yoeyyedlofod~ |j~gjd ~go njo nuyjdl ~go oey`z }~elo}bh mbfsyo}}jbd Q8,7?V$ ^goz fez em~ iz jd~oysb}jdl
~gojy sey~jm`o} io~|ood ~gb}o bh ~go b~goy mbfsbdod~}
edn }b, iz xjy~uo bh ~gojy yonumon engo}jxo
~odnodmjo}, `b|oy ~go bxoye`` jd~oysey~jmu`e~o hyjm~jbd
bh ~go }z}~of$ Jd ennj~jbd, ~goyo fez io en}bys~jbd
bh l jned~ jd~b ~go jyyolu`eyj~jo} bh ~go b~goy
fe~oyje`}$ J~ hb` b|} ~ge~, `jao `uiyjmed~}, ~goz eyo
youjyon e~ ~go }uyhemo bh hoon sey~jm`o} edn ~ge~ ~goz
}gbu`n io jd e do }~e~o bh njxj}jbd edn essybsyje~o`z
jdmbysbye~on jd ~go fjw$
]~eymgo} yofejd e sbsu`ey l`jned~, jd sey~jmu`ey~gb}o |j~g ~go `eyloy lyejd }j{o} }umg e} sb~e~b }~eymg,
sb}}ji`z iomeu}o bh ~gojy ennj~jbde` xe`uo e} e nj}jd&
~olyed~ jd ~go hbyfu`e~jbd$ Mbdmod~ye~jbd} us ~b 53/
eyo mbffbd, iu~ j~ }gbu`n io essyomje~on ~ge~ owmo}}
fez yo}u`~ jd owem~`z ~go bssb}j~o oom~ bh ~ge~ no}jyon
'j$o$, b| sybsoy~jo} fez |by}od*$ ^e`m j} e`}b |jno`z
u}on edn ge} ~go enxed~elo ~ge~ j~ j} }usoyjby ~b }~ey&
mgo} jd fjdjfj{jdl edz ~odnodmz hby fe~oyje` ~b }~jma
Hjl$ 59 ^od}j`o }~yodl~g bh me`mjuf }u`he~o ~ei`o~} e} e
hudm~jbd bh feldo}juf }~oeye~o mbdmod~ye~jbd '}b`jn hyem~jbd 3$?
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~b ~go sudmg hemo}, e sybsoy~z }bfo~jfo} m`e}}jon e}
ed~jengoyod~$ Iomeu}o bh j~} ~b~e``z jd}b`ui`o de~uyo,
edn godmo sb~od~je` yo~eyned~ oom~ bh nj}}b`u~jbd,
mbdmod~ye~jbd fu}~ io }~yjm~ z `jfj~on edn }gbu`n
yeyo`z owmoon ?/$ Jd hem~, ~go io}~ bxoye`` mbfsybfj}o
fez io yoe`j{on iz u}jdl e fjw~uyo bh }~eymg edn ~e`m$]oxoye` }j`emobu} fe~oyje`} gexo iood u}on }ummo}}&
hu``z ~b jdnumo b|$ Efbdl ~gb}o ub~on jd ~go `j~&
oye~uyo eyo szyblodjm }j`jme jd mbdmod~ye~jbd} e} `b| e}
3$9?/ edn gznye~on }bnjuf }j jbe`ufjde~o jd mbd&
mod~ye~jbd} bh eybudn 3$
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~gybulg oxesbye~jbd$ ^gj} oom~ med io yonumon iz
wjdl elod~} }umg e} SOL >33 by >333 jd mbdmod~ye&
~jbd} bh 7?/$ E`~oyde~jxo`z, myb}}&`jdaon sbxjnbdo med
e`}b io u}on ~b odgedmo ~go }~eij`j~z bh ~gj} sey~jmu`ey
nyul$
H`exbyjdl Elod~}
Feajdl e hbyfu`e~jbd se`e~ei`o odbulg ~b io mgo|on
fez yo}u`~ jd odgedmon exej`eij j~z bh ~go nyul$ Jd
ennj~jbd, hby se~jod~} |gb eyo udei`o ~b }|e``b| e
~ei`o~ |gb`o 'o$l$, mgj`nyod*, }umg e ~ei`o~ fez io ~go
bd`z yoe}bdei`o e`~oyde~jxo$ ]|oo~odjdl elod~} }umg e}now~yb}o, feddj~b`, }emmgeyjd, edn }umyb}o eyo |jno`z
u}on e} exbyjdl elod~} '}oo ^ei`o 59*$ \god mgbb}jdl
e exbyjdl elod~, gb|oxoy, bdo fu}~ meyohu``z e}}o}}
sb~od~je` jdmbfse~jij`j~jo} ~ge~ fez owj}~ io~|ood ~go
elod~ edn ~go em~jxo jdlyonjod~$ Soyges} ~go fb}~ ow&
~od}jxo`z nbmufod~on owefs`o} mbdmoyd dj~ybl`zmoyjd~ei`o~}, |gjmg e~ bdo ~jfo |oyo hbyfu`e~on jd e mgb&
mb`e~o ie}o mbd~ejdjdl dbde`ae j{on mbmbe$ _d&
hby~ude~o`z, ~go mbmbe eom~on ~go sybnum~} }~eij`j~z
edn ge} }jdmo iood yos`emon iz feddj~b`$
H`exbyjdl elod~} sybsoy eyo mbffbd`z xb`e~j`o bj`}
~ge~ gexo iood nj}}b`xon jd e`mbgb` edn }syezon bd~b
~go nyjon lyedu`o} by gexo }jfs`z iood en}byion bd~b
edb~goy owmjsjod~ 'o$l$, ~e`m*$ ^goz eyo ennon jf&
fonje~o`z syjby ~b mbfsyo}}jbd ~b exbjn `b}} ~gybulg
xb`e~j`j{e~jbd$ Jd }bfo me}o} ~goz fez oxod gexo }bfo
`uiyjme~jdl em~jxj~z$ Jh ~go bj` dbyfe``z mbd~ejd} ~oy&
sodo}, e `b| ~oysodo lyeno j} io~~oy }b e} ~b exbjn
sb}}ji`o no~oyjbye~jbd jd ~e}~o nuo ~b ~oysodo bwjne~jbd
sybnum~}$ \god ed bj` exbyjdl j} sybdo ~b bwjne~jbd,
j~ fez io syb~om~on iz e }somje` ~zso bh odmes}u`e~jbd
jdxb`xjdl }syez nyzjdl by ed euobu} ofu`}jbd mbd&
~ejdjdl ~go exby$ ^go ofu`lod~ u}on jd }syez&nyjon
sybnum~} fez io }~eymg by ememje luf ljxjdl yj}o ~b ~go
}b&me``on nyz exby}$
Sgeyfemou~jme` Mb`by}
Mb`byed~} nb db~ mbd~yjiu~o ~b ~goyesou~jm em~jxj~z,
dby nb ~goz jfsybxo sybnum~ ijbexej`eij`j~z by }~eij&
`j~z$ Jdnoon, ~goz jdmyoe}o ~go mb}~ edn mbfs`jme~jbd bh
~go feduhem~uyjdl sybmo}}$ ^gojy fejd yb`o j} ~b he&
mj`j~e~o jnod~jme~jbd edn ~b odgedmo ~go o}~go~jm es&
soeyedmo bh ~go sybnum~$ Jd mbffbd |j~g e`` fe~oyje`
~b io jdlo}~on iz gufed}, }b`jn nb}elo hbyf} eyo }o&
xoyo`z yo}~yjm~on jd ~go mb`byjdl elod~} ~ge~ eyo e``b|&
ei`o$ ^gj} }j~ue~jbd j} mbfs`jme~on iz ~go `ema jd
jd~oyde~jbde` elyoofod~ bd ed essybxon `j}~ bh mb`by&ed~} }uj~ei`o hby jdlo}~jbd$
Mb`byed~} eyo exej`ei`o e} oj~goy }b`ui`o nzo} 'j$o$,
ljxjdl e m`oey }b`u~jbd* by jd}b`ui`o sjlfod~} ~ge~ fu}~
io nj}soy}on jd ~go sybnum~ '}oo ^ei`o 5=*$ ^goyo j} ed
jdmyoe}jdl ~odnodmz ~b u}o nzo} jd ~go hbyf bh }somje`
sjlfod~} ~oyfon cc`eao}$ ^go sjlfod~ jd ~gj} me}o j}
en}byion bd~b }bfo jdoy~ }ui}~ye~o, u}ue``z e`ufjduf
gznybwjno$ ^go}o sjlfod~} med io njyom~ z jd&
mbysbye~on jd~b ~ei`o~}$ Jd }umg me}o} j~ j} bh~od syo&
hoyei`o ~b fjw ~go `eao |j~g ed ow~odnby syjby ~b
jdmbysbye~jbd jd~b ~go ~ei o~ i`odn ~b fjdjfj{o edz
fb~~`jdl$ Bynjdeyz }~eymg by fbnjon }~eymgo}, }umg e}
]~eYw 5?33, by }uley} med io u}on hby ~gj} suysb}o$ Jd
ennj~jbd, fb~~`jdl j} `o}} oxjnod~ jd se}~o` }geno} ednmb`by} jd ~go mod~oy bh ~go xj}ji`o }som~yuf$
Hby ~ei`o~ mbe~jdl ~goyo eyo nj}~jdm~ enxed~elo} ~b
u}jdl sjlfod~} ye~goy ~ged nzo}$ Mb`by noxo`bsfod~ j}
fbyo yesjn edn godmo sybmo}}jdl ~jfo j} }gby~oy$ ]jdmo
~go de` mb`by j} e hudm~jbd bh ~go ued~j~z bh nzo jd ~go
mbe~jdl }u}sod}jbd, ye~goy ~ged ~go dufioy bh mbe~}
ess`jon, ~goyo |j` io `o}} bsoye~by jduodmo edn e
io~~oy mgedmo bh emgjoxjdl udjhbyfj~z |j~gjd edn io&
~|ood ie~mgo}$ ^goyo fez e`}b io e yonumon yj}a bh
jd~oyem~jbd io~|ood ~go nyul edn b~goy jdlyonjod~}$
E`` nzo}, edn ~b e `o}}oy ow~od~ `eao}, eyo }od}j~jxo ~b`jlg~ ~b xeyzjdl nolyoo}, edn ~gojy mb`by fez io eh&
hom~on iz b~goy jdlyonjod~} jd ~go hbyfu`e~jbd$ Hby
owefs o, }jdmo fedz mb`byed~} eyo }bnjuf }e ~} bh
byledjm emjn, ~goz fez yoem~ jd }b`u~jbd |j~g me~jbdjm
nyul} 'o$l$, ed~jgj}~efjdo}*$ Jd ennj~jbd, dbdjbdjm
}uyhem~ed~} fez enxoy}o`z oom~ mb`by }~eij`j~z$ ^gj} j}
fbyo syoxe`od~ |god u}jdl de~uye` mb`byed~}, |gjmg
e`}b ~odn ~b gexo e gjlgoy nolyoo bh ie~mg&~b&ie~mg
^ei`o 59 ]bfo Mbffbd`z _}on ]|oo~odjdl Elod~}
Iu`a
Mbfsyo}}ji`o }uley
Mbdhom~jbdoy} }uley
Now~yb}o
L`zmoyjd
@em~b}o
@jujn l`umb}o
Fe`~j~b` }b`u~jbd
Feddj~b`
]byij~b`]umyb}o
Wz`j~b`
Jd~od}o
Emo}u`hefo sb~e}}juf
E}sey~efo
]emmgeyjd
]emmgeyjd }bnjuf
]bnjuf mzm`efe~o
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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xeyjeij`j~z$ Gb|oxoy, ud jao ey~jmje` nzo}, de~uye`mb`by} nb db~ youjyo HNE moy~jme~jbd syjby ~b u}o jd
nyul sybnum~}$ ]bfo bh ~go fbyo mbffbd }zd~go~jm
mb`byed~} eyo `j}~on jd ^ei`o 5> ~blo~goy |j~g ~gojy
jfsby~ed~ sybsoy~jo}$
\o~~jdl Elod~}
\o~~jdl elod~} gexo iood u}on jd ~ei o~} mbd~ejdjdl
xoyz sbby`z }b`ui`o nyul} jd bynoy ~b odgedmo ~gojy ye~o
bh nj}}b`u~jbd Q787:V$ ]uyhem~ed~} eyo bh~od mgb}od hby
~gj} suysb}o, |j~g }bnjuf `euyz` }u`he~o iojdl ~go fb}~
mbffbd$ Seyenbwjme `z, }bfo jbdjm }uyhem~ed~} gexo
yomod~ z iood hbyfu`e~on |j~g bssb}j~o`z mgeylonnyul} ~b sybnumo e }u}~ejdon yo`oe}o mbfs`ow Q:3:9V$
^gu}, bdo fjlg~ |ed~ ~b mbd}jnoy u}jdl ed udmgeylon
}uyhem~ed~, }umg e} sb`z}byie~o 73 '^|ood 73*, |gjmg
ge} `o}} `jao`jgbbn bh jd~oyem~jdl |j~g mgeylon fb`o&
mu`o}$
Mb&sybmo}}on Owmjsjod~}
J~ j} db| sb}}ji`o ~b mbffoymje``z bi~ejd mb&sybmo}}on
owmjsjod~} '}oo ^ei`o 5?*$ ^go}o owmjsjod~} eyo o}}od&
~je``z e ccsyoi`odn bh ~|b by fbyo owmjsjod~} ~ge~ eyo
mbffbd`z u}on jd mbdkudm~jbd |j~g oemg b~goy Q:9e
:9nV$ Enxed~elo} ~b u}jdl mb&sybmo}}on owmjsjod~} jd&m`uno e yonum~jbd jd ~go dufioy bh ye| fe~oyje`} edn
sybmo}}jdl ~jfo youjyon hby e ljxod hbyfu`e~jbd edn e
sb~od~je` hby jfsybxon ie~mg&~b&ie~mg mbd}j}~odmz$ Jd
ennj~jbd, jdxo}~jle~by} hbudn ~ge~ ~ei`o~} syoseyon
hybf }j`jon FMM 'mb&sybmo}}on FMM edn mb``bjne`
}j`jmbd njbwjno* owgjij~on jfsybxon ~ei`o~ }~yodl~g,jfsybxon yo~od~jbd bh mbfsyo}}jij`j~z eh~oy lyedu`e&
~jbd, edn }usoyjby b| sybsoy~jo} |god mbfseyon ~b
~ei`o~} feno hybf ~go}o FMM edn mb` bjne` }j jmbdnjbwjno ennon e} jdnjxjnue` mbfsbdod~} Q:9nV$
JJJ$ ^EI@O^ FED_HEM^_YO
^gu} hey jd ~gj} mges~oy, ~go ofsge}j} ge} iood bd ~go
fe~oyje` ye~goy ~ged bd ~go sybmo}}o} jdxb`xon jd ~ei`o~
feduhem~uyo, iu~ ~go `e~~oy eyo bh oue` jfsby~edmo$
^go sgeyfemou~jme` jdnu}~yz j} gjlg`z yolu`e~on edn
fu}~ mbfs`z |j~g muyyod~ Lbbn Feduhem~uyjdl
Syem~jmo} 'mLFS}*$ Jd ~oyf} bh oujsfod~, ~gj} ~yed}&
`e~o} jd~b syoseyjdl sybnum~} jd ~b~e``z odm`b}on }z}&
~of} iz sybmo}}o} ~ge~ fjdjfj{o ~go gedn`jdl edn~yed}hoy bh fe~oyje`}$ Jyyo}som~jxo bh ~go sey~jmu`ey
sybnum~jbd ybu~o|o~ lyedu`e~jbd by njyom~
mbfsyo}}jbd ~go y}~ }~elo j} `jao`z ~b jdxb`xo ~go
jd~jfe~o fjwjdl ~blo~goy bh }oxoye` sb|noyon jd&
lyonjod~}$
E$ Sb|noy Fjwjdl
^go }ummo}}hu` fjwjdl ~blo~goy bh do sb|noy j} em&
adb|`onlon ~b io bdo bh ~go fbyo njmu`~ udj~ bs&
oye~jbd} iomeu}o, ud jao ~go }j~ue~jbd |j~g `jujn,
soyhom~ gbfblodoj~z j} syem~jme``z ude~~ejdei`o$ E``
~ge~ j} sb}}ji`o j} ~b yoe j{o e fewjfuf nolyoo bhyednbfdo}} jd ~go eyyedlofod~ bh ~go jdnjxjnue`
mbfsbdod~} bh ~go fjw$ Jd syem~jmo, sybi`of} e`}b eyj}o
iomeu}o bh ~go jdgoyod~ mbgo}jxodo}} edn yo}j}~edmo ~b
fbxofod~ io~|ood ~go jdnjxjnue` sey~jm`o}$ ^go syb&
mo}} j} huy~goy mbfs`jme~on jd fedz }z}~of} iz ~go
syo}odmo bh }jldjmed~ }olyole~jxo jduodmo} jd ~go
sb|noy fjw$ ^go}o eyj}o nuo ~b njoyodmo jd sey~jm`o
}j{o, }geso, edn nod}j~z bh ~go mbfsbdod~ sey~jm`o}$
^ei`o 5= Njhhoyodmo} Io~|ood @eao} edn Nzo}
Mgeyem~oyj}~jm} @eao} Nzo}
]b`uij`j~z Jd}b`ui`o jd fb}~ }b`xod~} ]b`ui`o jd |e~oy, sybsz`odo l`zmb`,
edn l`zmoyjd
Fo~gbn bh mb`byjdl Iz nj}soy}jbd Iz }b`u~jbdSuyo nzo mbd~od~ 53>3/ Syjfeyz mb`by}; :3:=/
Ye~o bh u}o 3$53$=/ 3$353$3=/
Sey~jm`o }j{o 0 3$? ff 59933 fo}g]~eij`j~z
@jlg~ Io~~oy Lbbn
Goe~ Io~~oy Lbbn
Mb`byjdl }~yodl~g Db~ sybsby~jbde` ~b nzo mbd~od~ Njyom~`z sybsby~jbde` ~b suyo nzo mbd~od~
]geno} Xeyjo} |j~g suyo nzo mbd~od~ Mbd}~ed~
]buymo; \eydoy Kodajd}bd Sefsg`o~ bd @eao Sjlfod~}, ]os~ofioy 5::3$
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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^ei`o 5> ]bfo Mbffbd`z _}on Sgeyfemou~jme` Mb`byed~} ']zd~go~jm*
]b`uij`j~z 'l6533 f@ e~ 9?M* ]~eij`j~
HN(M mb`by Mbffbd defo \e~oy L`zmoyjd Sybsz`odo l`zmb` 9?/ O~gedb` @jlg~ Bwjne~jbd sG =
Yone Oyz~gyb}jdo :$3 93$3 93$3 7$3 Sbby Hejy Jd}b` J
Yon >3 E``uye yon EM 99$3 =$3 5$? :$? Lbbn Hejy DDMi D
Zo``b| ? ^ey~ye{jdo 93$3 57$3 $3 93$3 93$3 Hejy Sbby ]$ heno X
eDb~o; HN(M Yon = `eao ge} iood no`j}~on iz HNE e} bh Kedueyz 9:, 5::3$iDb db~jmoei`o mgedlo$m]`jlg~ heno$nXoyz }`jlg~ heno$oEssyomjei`o heno$hMbfs`o~o`z heno}$
]buymo; \eydoy&Kodajd}bd Sefsg`o~ bh Moy~jon Mb`by}, ]os~ofioy 5::3$
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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J~ j} db~ sb}}ji`o goyo ~b syo}od~ e hu`` emmbud~ bh ~go
jd~oyem~jbd} io~|ood ~go}o oom~}, }b ~go yoenoy j} yo&
hoyyon ~b }~edneyn ~ow~} noe`jdl |j~g ~gj} jfsby~ed~
~bsjm Q:=V$ Gb|oxoy, ~goyo fez io ed bs~jfuf fjwjdl~jfo edn jd }umg me}o}, syb`bdlon fjwjdl fez yo}u`~ jd
ed udno}jyon sybnum~$ Jd ~go }somje` me}o bh fjwjdl jd e
`uiyjmed~, |gjmg j} youjyon e~ ~go lyedu o }uyhemo,
bxoyfjwjdl med io sey~jmu`ey`z no~yjfod~e`$
Sb|noy fjwoy} xeyz |jno`z jd ~gojy eij`j~z ~b syb&
numo enoue~o`z fjwon sb|noy} edn ~go ~jfo doonon ~b
emmbfs`j}g j~$ Hby jd~jfe~o fjwjdl bh sb|noy}, odoylz
fu}~ io }uss`jon e~ e gjlg odbulg ye~o ~b bxoymbfo ~go
jdgoyod~ yo}j}~edmo ~b njoyod~je fbxofod~ io~|ood
sey~jm`o}$ B`noy fjwoy} e~~ofs~ ~b }uss`z }umjod~
odoylz ~b fjw ~go od~jyo ie~mg e~ bdmo, iu~ fbnoyd
no}jld} ~odn ~b io ie}on bd fomgedj}f} hby }ouod&
~je``z hoonjdl e sybsby~jbd bh ~go ~b~e` fjw ~b e yoljbd
bh gjlg&odoylz fjwjdl sb~od~je`$ ^zsjme` owefs`o} bh
~go lodoye` no}jld bh }umg fjwoy} eyo }gb|d nje&
lyeffe~jme``z jd Hjl$ 5=$ Fjwjdl j} emgjoxon iz foed}
bh e fejd jfso` oy, |gjmg hoon} fe~oyje` ~b e gjlg&}soon ccmgbssoy, sybnumjdl ed jd~od}o }goey fjwjdl
{bdo$
\j~g e`` fjwoy}, gb|oxoy, j~ j} domo}}eyz ~b o}~ei`j}g
~ge~ ed emmos~ei`o nolyoo bh gbfblodoj~z ge} iood
yoemgon$ Uued~j~e~jxo fo~gbnb`bljo} hby o}~ei`j}gjdl
ed ccjdnow bh fjwjdl by ccomjodmz bh fjwjdl eyo
yosby~on jd ~go `j~oye~uyo Q:>V$
Njyom~ Mbfsyo}}jbd
Hby bixjbu} yoe}bd}, ~go sb}}jij`j~z bh mbfsyo}}jdl
fjwon sb|noy} jd~b ~ei o~} |j~gbu~ ed jd~oyfonje~o
lyedu`e~jdl }~os j} ed e~~yem~jxo bdo$ Hby fedz zoey},
^ei`o 5? ]oxoye` Mb&Sybmo}}on Owmjsjod~}
Owmjsjod~ Mbfsbdod~} Feduhem~uyoy
Enxed~b}o H] Hyum~b}o, syolo`e~jdj{on }~eymg NFX
Exjmo` MO&5? FMM, luey luf HFM
Mo``em~b}o FMM, e&`em~b}o fbdbgznye~o Foll`o LfiG@unjsyo}} e&@em~b}o fbdbgznye~o, sbxjnbdo, myb}sbxj&
nbdo
IE]H
@u}~yoM`oey FMM, meyyelooded HFM
Fjmybmo`em FMM, e&`em~b}o fbdbgznye~o Foll`o LfiG
Sgeyfe~b}o NM@ Edgznybu} em~b}o, em~j~b` NFX
Syb]b`x ]FMM FMM, mb``bjne` }j`jmbd njbwjno Sod|o}~
FMM, Fjmybmyz}~e``jdo mo``u`b}o$
Hjl$ 5= Gjlg&}goey fjwoy}; 'e* udnoynyjxod1 'i* bxoynyjxod$
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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}oxoye` |jno`z u}on nyul}, db~ei`z e}sjyjd, gexo iood
exej`ei`o jd hbyf} ~ge~ med io ~ei`o~on |j~gbu~ huy~goy
~yoe~fod~$ Yomod~`z, ~goyo ge} iood e lyb|jdl jfso~u}
~b noxo`bs }b&me` on njyom~ mbfsyo}}jbd 'NM* hby&
fu`e~jbd}, edn ~go yedlo bh owmjsjod~}, o}somje``z nj&
`uod~}, no}jldon hby ~gj} }somjm yb`o ge} owsednonnyefe~jme``z$
J~ j} sb}}ji`o ~b nj}~jdluj}g ~|b ~zso} bh NM hby&
fu`e~jbd}; 'e* ~gb}o |goyo e fekby sybsby~jbd j} ed
em~jxo jdlyonjod~, edn 'i* ~gb}o |goyo ~go em~jxo jd&
lyonjod~ j} e fjdby mbfsbdod~ 'j$o$, 053/ bh ~gombfsyo}}jbd |ojlg~*$ Jd ~go hbyfoy me}o, ~go jdgoyod~
mgeyem~oyj}~jm} bh ~go nyul fb`omu`o, jd sey~jmu`ey ~go
eij j~z ~b syoseyo e sgz}jme` hbyf ~ge~ |j ` ~ei`o~
njyom~ z, |j` gexo sybhbudn oom~} bd ~go ~ei`o~}
mgeyem~oyj}~jm}$
J~ fez }bfo~jfo} iz domo}}eyz ~b }uss`ofod~ ~go
sybsoy~jo} bh ~go nyul }b ~ge~ j~ mbfsyo}}o} fbyo oe&
}j`z, edn ~go}o doon} gexo iood yoe`j{on iz }oxoye`feduhem~uyoy} bh owmjsjod~}$ Fe~oyje } no}myjion e}
ccmbfsyo}}jbd ejn} eyo db| mbffoymje` z exej`ei`o$
Jnoe``z, }umg enkuxed~} }gbu`n noxo`bs fomgedjme`
}~yodl~g |gj`o jfsybxjdl, by e~ `oe}~ db~ enxoy}o`z eh&
hom~jdl, yo`oe}o mgeyem~oyj}~jm}$ Efbdl ~go fb}~ }um&
mo}}hu` e~ foo~jdl ib~g ~go}o doon} gexo iood ~go
fjmybmyz}~e``jdo mo``u`b}o} 'sey~je``z emjn&gznyb`z{on
hbyf} bh mo``u`b}o*$ E dufioy bh lyeno} eyo exej`ei`o
ie}on usbd sey~jm`o }j{o edn nj}~yjiu~jbd$
Fb}~ b~goy NM owmjsjod~} yoe``z io`bdl jd ~go }om&
bdn me~olbyz, |goyo ~go nyul j} syo}od~ jd `b| mbd&
mod~ye~jbd$ Jd }umg me}o}, ~go u}o bh ed jdowsod}jxo NM
nj`uod~ j} |eyyed~on$ Iohbyo mbd}jnoyjdl }bfo bh ~go}o,
moy~ejd lodoye`j{e~jbd} eyo |by~g db~jdl }jdmo ~goyo}oof} ~b gexo eyj}od ed oyybdobu} io`joh ~ge~ NM j}
e`|ez} e }jfs`oy hbyfu`e~jbd ybu~o$ Hby jd}~edmo,
fedz NM ``oy}, }umg e} }syez&nyjon `em~b}o, }gbu`n
db~ io yo|byaon iomeu}o ~gj} eom~} ~gojy mbfsyo}}j&
ij`j~z$ Jd ennj~jbd, ~gb}o nj`uod~} |j~g e `eylo sey~jm`o
}j{o fez ljxo yj}o ~b fjwjdl sybi`of} nuo ~b }olyole&
~jbd ud`o}} ed bs~jfuf sybsby~jbd bh do fe~oyje` j}
syo}od~$ Fbyo bh~od, bdo j} hemon |j~g ~go sybi`of bh
ed owmo}}jxo`z deyyb| sey~jm`o }j{o nj}~yjiu~jbd }b ~ge~
b|, jd lodoye`, edn udjhbyf hoonjdl ~b ~go njo}, jd
sey~jmu`ey, eyo njmu ~$ ]bfo~jfo} ie~mg&~b&ie~mgxeyje~jbd j} fbyo syoxe`od~ jd }b`ui`o NM ``oy}, }umg
e} }uley}$ _d`jao |o~ lyedu`e~jbd, NM ge} `j~~`o eij`j~z
~b fe}a jdgoyod~ ~ei`o~jdl nomjodmjo} jd ed jdlyonjod~$
Jd ennj~jbd, ~goyo |j` io `j~~`o sb}}jij`j~z hby syjby
|o~~jdl bh e gznybsgbijm nyul edn }ui}ouod~ nj}&
}b`u~jbd odgedmofod~, |gjmg j} e sybxod oom~ bh |o~
lyedu`e~jbd$ Bd ~go b~goy gedn, NM hbyfu`e~jbd} eyo
`jao`z ~b io fbyo }~ei`o, }gb| ho|oy eljdl oom~}, edn,
jd }somjm me}o}, boy ~go bd`z |byaei`o sybnum~jbd
fo~gbn$
\o~ Lyedu`e~jbd
E`~gbulg fedz owj}~jdl sybnum~} mbd~jduo ~b io syb&
mo}}on iz e `odl~gz |o~ lyedu e~jbd ~ge~ jdm uno}
i`odnjdl bh nyz jdlyonjod~}, |o~ fe}}jdl, }myoodjdl,
edn ~god ~yez by ujnj{on ion nyzjdl, ~goyo j} e ~yodn
~b|eyn u}jdl femgjdo} ~ge~ med meyyz bu~ ~go od~jyo
lyedu`e~jbd }ouodmo jd e }jdl`o sjomo bh oujsfod~ by
}jdl`o&sb~ sybmo}}by Q:?V$ Hbyfu`e~by} fu}~ io e|eyo,
gb|oxoy, ~ge~ ~go ~zso bh lyedu`e~jbd sybmonuyo u}on
med gexo e sybhbudn jfsem~ bd ~go lyedu`o} sybnumon$
^gu}, e hbyfu`e~jbd ~ge~ sybnumo} enoue~o lyedu`o}
iz mbdxod~jbde` s`edo~eyz fjwjdl fez sybnumo }ui&
bs~jfe` sybnum~ jh ~yed}hoyyon ~b e }jdl`o&sb~ syb&mo}}by$
J~ j} lodoye``z elyoon ~ge~ ~goyo |j ` owj}~ ed bs~jfufyedlo bh lyedu`o }j{o} hby e sey~jmu`ey hbyfu`e~jbd, edn
~goyohbyo, moy~ejd lodoye`j{e~jbd} eyo |by~gz ~b db~o
goyo$ \j~gjd `jfj~}, }fe``oy lyedu`o} |j`` `oen ~b gjlgoy
edn fbyo udjhbyf ~ei`o~ |ojlg~ edn gjlgoy ~ei`o~
myu}gjdl }~yodl~g, |j~g }ui}ouod~ `bdloy nj}jd~olye&
~jbd ~jfo edn yonumon hyjeij`j~z$ ^go }~yodl~g bh lyed&
u`o} ge} e`}b iood }gb|d ~b jduodmo ~go ~od}j o }~yodl~g
bh ~go ~ei`o~} syoseyon hybf ~gof, |j~g }~ybdloy lyed&
u`o} `oenjdl, jd lodoye`, ~b geynoy ~ei`o~} Q:8V$
Bdo jfsby~ed~ dnjdl |j~g |jno}syoen jfs`jme~jbd}
eyj}o} hybf |bya iz Mgeunyz edn Ajdl Q:
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med io nuo oj~goy ~b s`e}~jm nohbyfe~jbd, |gjmg j} e
fekby hem~by e~~yjiu~jdl ~b ~go ~ei`o~} fomgedjme`
}~yodl~g, by ~b iyj~~`o hyem~uyo, |gjmg sybnumo} sbby
ue`j~z mbfsem~} ~ge~ myufi`o e} ~go ~ei`o~} eyo okom~on
Q9?,:7V$ Jd lodoye`, e} jdmyoe}jdl syo}}uyo j} ess`jon ~b e
mbfsem~, j~} sbyb}j~z |j`` io yonumon$^go }uyhemo eyoe bh ~go jdnjxjnue` sey~jm`o} ~gof&
}o`xo} mgedlo} nuyjdl ~go mbfsem~jbd sybmo}}$ Jd&
j~je``z, ed jdmyoe}o jd }uyhemo eyoe j} db~on nuo ~b ~go
hyem~uyo e} mbfsyo}}jbd hbymo jdmyoe}o}$ Oxod~ue``z,
~go }uyhemo eyoe nomyoe}o} nuo ~b ibdnjdl edn mbd&
}b`jne~jbd bh sey~jm`o} e~ gjlgoy mbfsyo}}jbd hbymo}
Q9?,:7V$ Gjlumgj o~ e`$ Q:7V sb}~u`e~on ~ge~ ed ennj~jbde`
jdmyoe}o jd }uyhemo eyoe bmmuy} eh~oy ~gj} sbjd~ edn ~ge~
~gj} oom~ fez meu}o `efjde~jbd bh ~go ~ei`o~ nuo ~b
ow~od}jxo yoibudn e~ nombfsyo}}jbd$ Jd b~goy |byn},
e~ ~go ~ei`o~ sudmg sb|noy jd~oyhemo, ~goyo fez io
{bdo} bh gjlg nod}j~z nuyjdl mbfsyo}}jbd, iu~ usbd
nombfsyo}}jbd ~go}o {bdo} gexo o`e}~jm yoibudn edneyo su``on esey~ hybf ~go yo}~ bh ~go ~ei`o~ ~ge~ njn db~
mbd~ejd ~gj} gjlg nod}j~z$
^go fekby hbymo} jdxb`xon jd ~go hbyfe~jbd bh e
~ei`o~ mbfsem~ eyo j``u}~ye~on jd Hjl$ 5> 'e }jdl`o&odnon
fbno`* edn eyo db~e~on e} hb``b|}; HE yosyo}od~} ~go
ewje` syo}}uyo, |gjmg j} ~go hbymo ess`jon ~b ~go mbf&
sem~ iz ~go ussoy sudmg, H@ j} ~go hbymo ~yed}`e~on ~b
~go `b|oy sudmg, edn HN j} ~go hbymo `b}~ ~b ~go njo
|e``$ Jh bdo yofofioy} ~ge~ hby oxoyz hbymo ~goyo fu}~
io ed oue` edn bssb}j~o hbymo, ~go hb``b|jdl yo&
`e~jbd}gjs j} bixjbu};
HE H@ HN
HY j} ~go yenje` njo |e`` hbymo ~ge~ noxo`bs} iomeu}o
~go sb|noy j} jd e mbddon odxjybdfod~ 'j$o$, db~ ei`o
~b }syoen bu~|eyn e} syo}}uyo j} ess`jon nb|d usbd j~
iomeu}o j~ j} yo}jnjdl |j~gjd ~go njo*$ ^go mbomjod~ bh
hyjm~jbd e~ ~go njo |e``, f\, j} nuo ~b ~go }goeyjdl en&
go}jbd ~ge~ bmmuy} e`bdl ~go njo e e} ~go sb|noy j}feno fbyo nod}o edn mbfsyo}}on$ ^go hb``b|jdl yo&
`e~jbd}gjs io~|ood edn HN1 f\, edn HY j} hbudn ~bowj}~;
HN f\HY
^go hbymo bh ~ei`o~ okom~jbd hybf ~go njo, HO, j} e
hudm~jbd bh ib~g edn ~go yo}jnue` njo |e`` hbymo,
YN\H, ~ge~ owj}~} eh~oy nombfsyo}}jbd$ E} ~go hyjm~jbd
nomyoe}o}, bdo |j`` bixjbu}`z }oo e mbyyo}sbdnjdl nybs
jd HO$ J~ j} jfsby~ed~ ~b yofofioy goyo ~ge~ j~ j} no&
}jyei`o hby HO ~b io e} `b| e} sb}}ji`o }b ~ge~ fjdjfe`
nefelo j} jfsey~on ~b ib~g ~go ~ei`o~ edn ~go ~bb`jdl$
^go y}~ ess`jme~jbd} bh ~gj} ~omgdjuo Q::V |oyonjyom~on ~b noxo`bsjdl e fbyo }od}j~jxo e}}o}}fod~ bh
`uiyjmed~ omjodmz ~ged ~ge~ boyon iz ~go ~yenj~jbde`
ccmbomjod~ bh `uiyjme~jbd, by Y&xe`uo 'j$o$, H@ ; HEye~jb*$ ]jdmo ~god, j~} u}o ge} iood ow~odnon ~b sybxjno
syonjm~jxo jdhbyfe~jbd bd hbyfu`e~jbd soyhbyfedmo
Q533,535V$ @effod} o~ e`$ Q539V gexo }~yo}}on ~go jf&
sby~edmo bh od}uyjdl syomj}jbd edn emmuyemz jd }umg
foe}uyofod~} hby mbyyom~ jd~oysyo~e~jbd bh ~go ne~e }b
sybnumon$
E`~gbulg ~go mgbjmo bh syomj}o ~ei`o~ lobfo~yz fez
io fbyo ~go syoyble~jxo bh ~go feyao~jdl nosey~fod~
~ged bh ~go sgeyfemou~jme` hbyfu`e~jbd by sybnum~jbd
nosey~fod~, moy~ejd lodoye` ~omgdjme` bi}oyxe~jbd}
fu}~ io ~eaod jd~b emmbud~$ Ioeyjdl jd fjdn ~ge~ fb}~~ei`o~} eyo mz`jdnyjme` jd }geso, njefo~oy} io~|ood =
edn 59 ff eyo syohoyyon, |j~g oj~goy ioxo`on onlo} by
ijmbdxow syb`o$ @b| gojlg~&~b&njefo~oy ye~jb}, mbd&
}j}~od~ |j~g enoue~o ~ei`o~ }~yodl~g, eyo no}jyei`o }b
e} ~b fjdjfj{o njo&|e`` hyem~jbde` oom~}, |gjmg med
mbd}ufo e }jldjmed~ efbud~ bh ~go ~b~e` odoylz yo&
ujyon jd ~ei`o~jdl$ Jd ennj~jbd, ~go jd~oyde` }~yo}}
njoyodmo} |j`` io fjdjfj{on jh e ijmbdxow syb`o j}
}o`om~on, e`~gbulg ~go ~ei`o~} }geso fez eom~ ~go
yo`oe}o bh ~go nyul} jd fe~yjw ~ei`o~} Q53=V$ ^go oom~ bh
sudmg hemo lobfo~yz edn `uiyjmed~ mbfsyo}}jbd bd~ei`o~ sybsoy~jo} ge} iood yosby~on iz Fomg~oy}gojfoy
edn [umaoy Q53>V$
E} e lodoye`j{e~jbd, jdmyoe}jdl mbfsyo}}jbde` hbymo
|j`` yo~eyn nj}soy}jbd bd enfjdj}~ye~jbd, edn ~goyohbyo,
`oxo`} }gbu`n io aos~ e} `b| e} sb}}ji`o, mbd}j}~od~ |j~g
emgjoxjdl emmos~ei`o fomgedjme` sybsoy~jo}$ \j~g }bfo
owmjsjod~} ~goyo j} e myj~jme` mbfsyo}}jbde` hbymo yedlo
youjyon ~b emgjoxo fjdjfuf nj}jd~olye~jbd ~jfo}$
Hjl$ 5> Hbymo} noxo`bson jd ~go hbyfe~jbd bh e ~ei`o~ mbf&
sem~$ , njo |e` 1 HE, ewje` syo}}uyo ess`jon iz ussoy sudmg1
HN, hbymo `b}~ ~bnjo |e` 1 HY, yenje`njo |e` 1(, ~ei`o~mbfsem~$
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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^gj} ge} iood nofbd}~ye~on hby }~eymg&mbd~ejdjdl
hbyfu`e~jbd} edn |e} ~gbulg~ ~b io `jdaon ~b syb&
num~jbd bh ed bs~jfuf sbyo }j{o nj}~yjiu~jbd ~ge~ e`&
`b|on yesjn us~eao bh |e~oy |j~gbu~ sybxjnjdl `eylo
jd~oyde` ejy }semo} ~b emmbffbne~o ~go }|o``jdl }~eymg
lyejd} Q53?V$ ^go jfsby~edmo bh syo}} }soon fu}~ e`}bio ~eaod jd~b emmbud~, sey~jmu`ey`z |goyo s`e}~jm no&
hbyfe~jbd j} ~gbulg~ ~b s`ez e fekby yb o jd ~ei`o~
hbyfe~jbd$ ^go oom~ bh ~gj} ye~o bh mbfsem~jbd ge}
iood nofbd}~ye~on ued~j~e~jxo`z jd e yosby~ iz Yb&
ioy~} edn Yb|o Q538V$
JX$ ^EI@O JDL OU_JSFOD^
E$ Lyed`e~by}
Byjljde``z, |o~ lyedu`e~jbd jdxb`xon ~go gedn sybmo}}
bh syoseyjdl e |o~ fe}} edn hbymjdl j~ ~gybulg e }myood
bd~b ~yez} ~ge~ |e} s`emon jd~b e mbdxom~jbd bxod|goyo ~go lyedu`o} |oyo nyjon$ \j~g jdmyoe}jdl ie~mg
}j{o}, ~go doon hby iu`a lyedu`e~jbd sybmonuyo} iomefo
domo}}eyz$ Fedz bh ~go}o sybmonuyo} jdxb`xon fjwjdl
~go sb|noyon jdlyonjod~} jd e }somje` yjiibd i`odnoy,
|gjmg mbu`n e`}b emmbfs`j}g ~go |o~ fe}}jdl sybmo}}$
^go fbj}~odon fe~oyje`} |oyo ~god u}ue``z lyedu`e~on
iz hbymjdl ~gof ~gybulg e }myood, u}jdl b}mj``e~jdl
i`eno} bh e fbnjon mbffjdu~jdl fj``, bd~b ~yez} ~ge~
|oyo ~god ~yed}hoyyon ~b ed bxod hby nyzjdl$ Muyyod~
lyedu`e~jdl fo~gbn} med io m`e}}jon jd~b ~go hb``b|&
jdl me~olbyjo}; 'e* ~yenj~jbde` fo~gbn} e} no~ej on
eibxo1 'i* gjlg&}goey fjwjdl1 'm* ujn&ion lyedu`e~jbd1
edn 'n* }jdl`o&sb~ sybmo}}jdl$
Gjlg }goey fjwoy}, |gjmg feao u}o bh ib~g e gjlg&}soon fjwjdl i`eno edn mgbssoy, gexo `eylo`z yos`emon
~yenj~jbde` s`edo~eyz fjwjdl$ ^gj} sybmo}} med yonumo
lyedu`e~jbd ~jfo edn sybnumo} nod}o lyedu`o}$ Fe~o&
yje` sybmo}}on jd e gjlg&}goey fjwoy j} nj}mgeylon hybf
~go udj~ edn ~yed}hoyyon ~b e nyzjdl udj~, |j~g by
|j~gbu~ ed jd~oyfonje~o }myoodjdl }~os$
H`ujnj{on ion} gexo iood owsednon hybf ~gojy byj&
ljde` u}o e} nyzoy} ~b odmbfse}} lyedu`e~jbd e} |o``$
Lyedu`e~jbd jd e ujnj{on ion j} emgjoxon iz }u}&
sodnjdl ~go sb|noy jd ~go ejy bh ~go ujnj{on ion edn
~god }syezjdl e `jujn ijdnoy hybf db{{`o} ~ge~ eyosb}j~jbdon eibxo by io`b| ~go sb|noy ion$ Jd lodoye`,
~bs&}syez bsoye~jbd sybnumo} sbybu} lyedu`o} |gj o
ib~~bf&}syez lyedu`o} eyo nod}o edn gjlg`z }sgoyjme`$
\god u}jdl ujnj{on ion} jd ~go lyedu`e~jbd6nyzjdlfbno, ~go sybmo}} mbdnj~jbd}, }umg e} nyzjdl ~of&
soye~uyo edn `odl~g bh ~go nyzjdl mzm`o, fu}~ io bs~j&
fj{on, edn j~ fez io domo}}eyz ~b enbs~ e njoyod~
essybemg ~b hbyfu`e~jbd ~ged |bu`n gexo iood u}on
|j~g ~go fbyo ~yenj~jbde` oujsfod~$ Hby owefs o,
lyedu`e~jdl ujn j} }syezon jd~b ~go ion bh fjwon
sb|noy e~ e ljxod ~ofsoye~uyo1 j~} xb`e~j`j~z edn xj}m&
b}j~z udnoy ~go}o mbdnj~jbd} |j`` jduodmo ~go mgey&
em~oyj}~jm} bh ~go de` sybnum~$ ^go jfsby~ed~
seyefo~oy} lbxoydjdl ~go soyhbyfedmo bh ujnj{onion} u}on e} FLN} ge} iood }~unjon iz \by~} edn
]mgbohoy Q53
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'm* fjwjdl ~go em~jxo }ui}~edmo edn ijdnoy sb|noy}
~blo~goy edn ~god goe~jdl ~b e ~ofsoye~uyo eibxo ~go
fo`~jdl sbjd~ bh ~go ijdnoy$ So``o~j{e~jbd iz ow~yu}jbd
edn }sgoybdj{e~jbd, by feyufoyj{e~jbd, j} ~go fb}~
mbffbd bh ~go}o fo~gbn}$ ^go seyefo~oy} mbd~yb``jdl
~gj} sybmo}} gexo iood }~unjon iz Fe`jdb|}aj Q537V edn
~go oom~ bd ~go ~ei`o~ sybnumon hybf j~ oxe`ue~on$
I$ ^ei`o~ Syo}}o}
\j~g ~go owmos~jbd bh syo}}o} no}jldon ~b sybnumo
mbe~on by `ezoyon ~ei`o~}, ~go noxo`bsfod~ bh ~ei`o~jdl
oujsfod~ ge} iood bdo `eylo`z bh mbd~jdujdl oxb`u~jbd$
Jd fedz eyoe}, ~go jdmod~jxo} gexo mbfo hybf ~go
sgeyfemou~jme` jdnu}~yz, ye~goy ~ged ~go ~ei`o~ syo}}
feduhem~uyoy}, e} e yo}u`~ bh moy~ejd ~yodn} jd ~ei`o~jdl
bsoye~jbd}$ ^go}o jdm`uno 'e* jdmyoe}on ye~o bh sybnum&
~jbd, 'i* njyom~ mbfsyo}}jbd bh sb|noy}, 'm* }~yjdlod~
}~edneyn}hby m`oed jdo}} ~b mbfs`z|j~g mLFS},edn 'n*
eu~bfe~jbd, by e~ `oe}~ mbd~jdubu} fbdj~byjdl bh ~go
sybmo}}$ Gb|oxoy, ~goyo j} db| oxjnodmo ~b }ullo}~ ~ge~
|o fez io essybemgjdl jdgoyod~ `jfj~} ~b huy~goy no&
xo`bsfod~ bh }bfo syo}} xeyjei`o} bd owj}~jdl `jdo}$
E~ syo}od~, edn jd ~go jffonje~o hu~uyo, bdo meded~jmjse~o ~go mbd~jdue` xzjdl bh bdo feduhem~uyoy
|j~g edb~goy bxoy yo`e~jxo`z fjdby jfsybxofod~}, |j~g
sb}}ji`z }jldjmed~ enxedmo} jd jd}~yufod~e~jbd, eu&
~bfe~jbd, edn gzljodo$ Gb|oxoy, }oxoye` oe}z&~b&m`oed
gjlg&bu~su~ syo}}o} eyo muyyod~`z feduhem~uyon$ Fb}~
Ajaj}uj fbno`} eyo cc}o`h&m`oedjdl edn e``b| hby ~go
od~jyo ~uyyo~ eyoe ~b io ``on |j~g }b`xod~} edn m`oedon
iz yuddjdl ~go syo}}$
E` ~ei`o~jdl syo}}o} ofs`bz ~go }efo ie}jm
syjdmjs`o ~goz mbfsyo}} ~go lyedu`ey by sb|noyon
fjw~uyo bh jdlyonjod~} jd e njo io~|ood ~|b sudmgo}
|j~g ~go njo edn j~} e}}bmje~on sudmgo} iojdl me``on e
cc}~e~jbd bh ~bb`jdl$ ^ei`o~ femgjdo} med io njxjnon
jd~b ~|b nj}~jdm~ me~olbyjo};
5$ ^gb}o |j~g e }jdl`o }o~ bh ~bb jdl cc}jdl`o
}~e~jbd 'by cc}jdl`o&sudmg* by ccommod~yjm
syo}}o}9$ ^gb}o |j~g }oxoye` }~e~jbd} bh ~bb`jdl ccfu`&
~j}~e~jbd 'by ccyb~eyz* syo}}o}Hjluyo} 5? edn 58 sybxjno e }uffeyz bh ~go mbf&
syo}}jbd mzm`o} hby yb~eyz edn }jdl`o&sudmg ~ei`o~
syo}}o}$ ^go hbyfe~jbd bh ~go ~ei`o~ mbfsem~ jd ~go}o
~|b ~zso} bh syo}}o} fejd`z njoy} jd ~go mbfsem~jbd
fomgedj}f j~}o`h, e} |o`` e} ~go fumg lyoe~oy }soon}
emgjoxon |j~g yb~eyz ~zso syo}}o}$ ^go }jdl`o sudmg
ie}jme``z u}o} e geffoyjdl ~zso bh fb~jbd 'j$o$, ~go
ussoy sudmg fbxo} nb|d |gj`o ~go `b|oy sudmg yo&
fejd} }~e~jbdeyz*, |gj`o yb~eyz syo}}o} feao u}o bh ed
emmbynjbd&~zso mbfsyo}}jbd 'j$o$, ib~g sudmgo} fbxo
~b|eyn oemg b~goy*$ ^go hbyfoy dn ~gojy syjfeyz u}o
e} ed Y(N ~bb`, |goyoe} ~go `e~~oy, gexjdl gjlgoy
bu~su~}, eyo u}on jd fb}~ sybnum~jbd bsoye~jbd}$
]jdl`o ]~e~jbd Syo}}o}
E`` mbffoymje` ~zso} bh }jdl`o }~e~jbd syo}}o} gexo
o}}od~je``z ~go }efo ie}jm bsoye~jdl mzm`o '}oo Hjl$ 58*,
|goyo ``jdl, mbfsyo}}jbd, edn okom~jbd bh ~ei`o~} hybf
~go njo j} emmbfs`j}gon iz sudmg fbxofod~ u~j`j{jdl
mef em~jbd}$ Fe~oyje` j} hon ~b ~go njo hybf ~go gbssoy
Hjl$ 5? Fu`~j}~e~jbd syo}} mzm`o$
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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xje ed b}mj``e~jdl hoon }gbo1 ~go sb}j~jbd bh ~go `b|oy
sudmg e~ ~gj} sbjd~ no~oyfjdo} ~go ~ei`o~ |ojlg~$ ^go
hoon }gbo ~god fbxo} e|ez edn ~go ussoy sudmg no}&modn} jd~b ~go njo ~b mbfsyo}} ~go ~ei`o~, |j~g ~go ow&
~od~ bh ~gj} fbxofod~ mbd~yb` jdl ~go `oxo` bh
mbfsyo}}jbd hbymo$ E} ~go ussoy sudmg fbxo} us|eyn,
~go `b|oy sudmg yj}o} edn jd }b nbjdl okom~} ~go ~ei`o~
hybf ~go njo$ E~ ~gj} sbjd~, ~go hoon }gbo fbxo} jd edn
adbma} ~go ~ei`o~ bu~ bh ~go femgjdo e} ~go `b|oy
sudmg fbxo} ~b j~} ib~~bf sb}j~jbd yoenz hby ~go dow~
syo}} mzm`o$
^go `eylo}~ }jdl`o&sudmg femgjdo} eyo mesei`o bh
feajdl ~ei`o~} us ~b 99 ff jd njefo~oy e~ ye~o} bh
eibu~ 73 ~ei`o~} soy fjdu~o '^SF* edn owoy~jdlfewjfuf hbymo} bd ~go bynoy bh >3 aD '}oo ^ei`o 58*$
Jd j}b`e~on me}o} ~ei`o~} med bd`z io feno bd ~gj} ~zso
bh femgjdo, sybiei`z iomeu}o ~gojy fbno bh bsoye~jbd
ljxo} ~go fe~oyje` e `bdloy ccn|o`` ~jfo udnoy mbf&
syo}}jbd$ E`~gbulg ~go ~ei`o bu~su~ ye~o hybf }jdl`o
}~e~jbd syo}}o} med io jdmyoe}on iz u}o bh fu ~j~js
~bb`jdl, ~go yb~eyz femgjdo yofejd} ~go fo~gbn bh
mgbjmo hby sybnum~jbd suysb}o}$
Hjl$ 58 ]jdl`o }~e~jbd syo}} mzm`o$
Mbszyjlg~ 9339 Feymo` Noaaoy, Jdm$
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Fu`~j}~e~jbd Syo}}o}
Jd ~gj} ~zso bh femgjdo ~go bsoye~jdl mzm`o edn fo~g&
bn} bh ``jdl, mbfsyo}}jbd, edn okom~jbd eyo njoyod~
hybf ~gb}o bh }jdl`o&}~e~jbd syo}}o} edn eyo }uffey&
j{on jd Hjl$ 5?$ Fbyo }somjme``z, ~go njo} edn sudmgo}eyo fbud~on bd e yb~e~jdl ~uyyo~$
E`` bsoye~jbd} ~eao s`emo }jfu`~edobu}`z jd njoyod~
}~e~jbd}$ ]jw~ood }~e~jbd} |oyo mbffbd`z u}on jd oey&
`joy femgjdo} |j~g bu~su~} io~|ood ?33 edn 5333 ^SF
edn ~ei`o~ njefo~oy} us ~b 5? ff$ Syo}}o} |j~g bu~su~}
bynoy} bh feldj~uno lyoe~oy ~ged ~go eibxo eyo db|
|jno`z exej`ei`o$ ^go njo} eyo ``on e} ~goz se}} io&
doe~g e }~e~jbdeyz hoon hyefo, |gjmg fez io ~~on |j~gsenn`o} ~b ejn fe~oyje` ~yed}hoy$ ^go njo mexj~jo} eyo
mbfs`o~o`z ``on edn owmo}} okom~on syjby ~b mbfsyo}&
}jbd$ Mbfsyo}}jbd jdxb`xo} ~go fbxofod~ bh ib~g
sudmgo} io~|ood mbfsyo}}jbd yb` }, jd mbd~ye}~ ~b
}jdl`o }~e~jbd bsoye~jbd} |goyo bd`z ~go ussoy sudmg
oom~} mbfsyo}}jbd$ Okom~jbd bmmuy} e} ib~g sudmgo}
eyo fbxon e|ez hybf ~go njo bd mef ~yema} ud~j` ~go
~ei`o~ j} mbfs`o~o`z m`oey bh ~go njo, e~ |gjmg sbjd~ j~
gj~} ~go onlo bh ~go hoon hyefo edn j} adbmaon b ~go
syo}}$ ^bb`jdl syo}}uyo fez io owoy~on gznyeu`jme``z,
ye~goy ~ged ~gybulg ~go u}o bh fomgedjme` meffjdl
em~jbd}, e} j} ~go me}o |j~g femgjdo} sybnumon iz
Mbuy~bz$
^go |ez} jd |gjmg jdnjxjnue` feduhem~uyoy} bh ~e&
i`o~jdl oujsfod~ gexo }bulg~ ~b emgjoxo gjlgoy bu~&
su~ he`` jd~b hbuy lybus};
5$ Jdmyoe}jdl ~go oom~jxo dufioy bh sudmgo} 'j$o$,fu`~j~jsson*
9$ Jdmyoe}jdl ~go dufioy bh }~e~jbd}
=$ Jdmyoe}jdl ~go dufioy bh sbjd~} bh mbfsyo}}jbd
>$ Jdmyoe}jdl ~go ye~o bh mbfsyo}}jbd 'j$o$, ~uyyo~
}soon*
Oemg bh ~go}o essybemgo} ge} j~} b|d sey~jmu`ey }o~
bh enxed~elo} edn nj}enxed~elo}$ Jd ennj~jbd, e`` feao
nofedn} bd b~goy e}som~} bh syo}} no}jld edn moy~ejdlodoye` jdgoyod~ mgeyem~oyj}~jm} bh njo mbfsem~jbd gexo
~b io ~eaod jd~b emmbud~$
Lodoye``z, ~go gjlg&}soon femgjdo} mbd}j}~ bh
ccnbui`o&yb~eyz syo}}o} |goyo ~go mzm`o bh bsoye~jbd j}yosoe~on ~|jmo jd bdo yoxb`u~jbd bh ~go ~uyyo~ meyyzjdl
~go ~bb`jdl, e`~gbulg bdo syo}} 'Felde, Xom~by Mbys$*
ge} hbuy mzm`o} soy yoxb`u~jbd '~go Felde j} db `bdloy
feduhem~uyon nuo ~b ~go }fe`` nofedn youjyon hby~go}o xoyz gjlg&bu~su~ femgjdo}*$ Fb}~ gjlg&bu~su~
~ei`o~ syo}}o} gexo bnn dufioy} bh }~e~jbd}, |j~g us ~b
535 jd ~go `eylo}~ syo}}o} '}oo ^ei`o 5
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nohbyf, edn yoem~ ~b hyjm~jbde` oom~}$ ^go hbyfu`e~by
gjf}o`h j} ei`o ~b fbdj~by ~go oom~} bh ennj~jxo} jd ~go
bxoye`` ~ei`o~jdl sybmo}}, e} |o`` e} ~go oom~} bh bs&
oye~jbd xeyjei`o} jd ~go feduhem~uyo edn soyhbyfedmo
bh ~go nb}elo hbyf$ E} }~e~on eibxo, ~gj} feyaon`zyonumo} ~go hbyfu`e~by} yo jedmo bd ofsjyjmj}f jd
hbyfu`e~jbd no}jld$ Jd ~go eyoe bh sybnum~ edn ue`j~z
mbd~yb`, J^F} eyo ei`o ~b fbdj~by ~ei`o~ |ojlg~ edn
sudmg edn femgjdo |oey edn nefelo$ Fbyo yomod~`z,
J^F} gexo iood u}on ~b mgeyem~oyj{o udjuo cc~zsjme`
ie~mgo} bh fe~oyje`} }b ~ge~ bdo ge} e ie}o`jdo hby
~ybui`o}gbb~jdl hbyfu`e~jbd} by e ie}j} hby ue`j~z
mbd~yb` Q53:555V$
J^F} jd Yo}oeymg edn Noxo`bsfod~
^go ~ei`o~jdl sybmo}} jdxb`xo} ~|b sgodbfode; 'e* e
yonum~jbd jd ~go iu`a xb`ufo bh ~go ~ei`o~ fe}} iz
o`jfjde~jbd bh ejy, yohoyyon ~b e} ccmbfsyo}}jbd, edn 'i*
ed jdmyoe}o jd ~go fomgedjme` }~yodl~g bh ~go fe}} nuo
~b sey~jm`o&sey~jm`o jd~oyem~jbd}, |gjmg j} ~oyfon ccmbd&
}b`jne~jbd$ ^gj} `e~~oy sybmo}} yo}u`~} hybf u~j`j{e~jbd
bh ~go hyoo }uyhemo odoyljo} bh ~go sey~jm`o} jd ibdn
hbyfe~jbd, yohoyyon ~b e} ccmb`n |o`njdl, s`u} jd~oy&fb`omu`ey jd~oyem~jbd} xje xed noy \ee } hbymo}, hby
owefs o$ ^go sybmo}} j} odgedmon iz lodoye~jbd bh `eylo
eyoe} bh m`oed }uyhemo, |gjmg eyo ~god syo}}on ~blo~goy1
}umg e fomgedj}f j} hoe}ji`o jh essyomjei`o iyj~~`o
hyem~uyo edn s`e}~jm nohbyfe~jbd med io jd~ybnumon jd~b
~go }z}~of$ ^goyohbyo, ~go feddoy jd |gjmg ~go xeyjbu}mbfsbdod~} mbfsyo}} |j`` io }jldjmed~$
J~ j} e`}b jfsby~ed~ ~b essyomje~o ~ge~ ~go iogexjbybd nombfsyo}}jbd med feyaon`z eom~ ~go mgeyem~oy&
j}~jm} bh ~go dj}gon ~ei`o~}, iomeu}o ~go }~yum~uyo fu}~
io }~ybdl odbulg ~b emmbffbne~o ~go yombxoyz& edn
okom~jbd&jdnumon }~yo}}o}$ Jdnoon, ~ei`o~ }~yodl~g j} e
njyom~ hudm~jbd bh ~go dufioy bh cc}uyxjxjdl ibdn} jd
~go dj}gon ~ei`o~$ Jd ennj~jbd, eij j~z ~b fbdj~by
okom~jbd hbymo} `oen} ~b xe`uei`o jdhbyfe~jbd bd `u&
iyjmed~ omjodmz$
Ede`z}j} bh Ne~e Bi~ejdon hybf J^F}
Foe}uyofod~ bh ~go sudmg edn njo hbymo} s`u} ~go yo&
`e~jxo nj}s`emofod~ bh ~go sudmgo} med sybxjno ye|
ne~e |gjmg, |god }uj~ei`z sybmo}}on edn jd~oysyo~on,
hemj`j~e~o ~go oxe`ue~jbd bh fedz ~ei`o~jdl seyefo~oy}$
Fedz bh ~go |byaoy} y}~ jdxb`xon jd jd}~yufod~jdl
~ei o~ syo}}o} mbdmod~ye~on bd noyjxjdl yo`e~jbd}gjs}
io~|ood ~go ess`jon hbymo HE edn ~go sbyb}j~z O bh~go mbd}b`jne~jdl fe}}$
Gomao` sybsb}on ~ge~ e mbyyo`e~jbd owj}~} io~|ood
zjo`n }~yodl~g edn ed ofsjyjme``z no~oyfjdon mbd}~ed~,
A, |gjmg j} e foe}uyo bh ~go eij`j~z bh ~go mbfsem~ ~b
nohbyf Q97,559V$ Go nj}mbxoyon ~ge~, jdnoon, A j} jd&
xoy}o`z sybsby~jbde` ~b zjo`n }~yodl~g$ Huy~goy, go no&yjxon ed oue~jbd owsyo}}jdl ~go yo`e~jbd}gjs io~|ood
~go nod}j~z bh e mbfsem~ edn ~go mbfsyo}}jbde` hbymo
ess`jon$ ^gj} yo`e~jbd}gjs j} ie}on bd ~go e}}ufs~jbd
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