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RISE OF ISLAM
Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia
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GENERAL CHRONOLOGY
622 C.E.- Hijra Mohammed flees to Medina, finds followers to build an army (Islamic
calendar begins)
633 C.E.- Battle of Al- Aqaba, wars of Ridda Control of trade routes, conquests begin
680 C.E.- Death of Husayn, major split in Islam 711 C.E.- Muslims expand into India 732 C.E.- Muslims defeated at Tours, France
Farthest spread of Islam into Europe
940 C.E.- Muhammad Al-Madi disappears Beginning of the wait for the 12th imam
1100’s C.E.- Crusades (invaders from Europe) Muslims lose Holy Land but eventually retake it
1300’s C.E.- Muslims move into Southeastern Europe
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THOUGHT QUESTION
What was the period of greatest development in the early Islamic world?
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DATES OF MAJOR EMPIRES
661-750 Ummayad Caliphate 750-1258 Abbasid Empire 1258-1336 Mongols control Muslim
lands 1281-1918 Ottoman Empire
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INTERACTIONS VITAL TO THE ISLAMIC WORLD
Tribal fights within the Middle East Stalemate with Byzantine Empire Invaded Persia Trade across Sahara desert with Africa (led by
the Berbers) Sufis spread Islam into India and Southeast
Asia, mostly by sea trade Invasion of North Africa and Spain Across Silk Road into Central Asia and China Coastal trade into East Africa
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THOUGHT QUESTION
What were the different ways Islam was spread?
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ART AND ARCHITECTURE
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THOUGHT QUESTION
What were some of the major themes seen in early Islamic art?
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DIVISIONS WITHIN THE ISLAMIC WORLD Islam
Shi’a Think leader of the faith should be related to Mohammed (Ali)
Sunni (85% of all Muslims today) Think leader of the faith should be elected (Imams)
Sufis Mystics, interested in following a path of piety, meditation,
and various physical and mental exercises to be closer to God (Allah).
The Islamic World Vast Regional differences in language, culture,
ethnicity, practices, politics
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CONNECTIONS TO TODAY
Where are Muslims today? Internal conflicts today in Islam
Clan or tribal identity Red Crescent (Like the Red Cross) Control of Oil Producing Areas
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MUSLIMS IN THE WORLD TODAY
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THOUGHT QUESTION
Has Islam spread greatly to parts of the world not settled by Muslims since its early expansion?