Download - Media and Politics in Slovakia
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Two Decades of Media and Politics Relations in Slovakia: Lesson
Learned
Andrej Školkay
School of Communication and Media
Slovakia
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The Conference MEDIA: 20 YEARS AFTER
organized by:
Department of Media Studies and Centre for Media Studies, Faculty of Social Science, Charles University in
Prague, Czech Republic
May 2009
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Two Decades of Media and Politics Relations in Slovakia: Lesson Learned
„Electoral power per se is the mechanical guarantee of democracy; but the substantive guarantee is given by the conditions under which the citizen gets the information and is exposed to the pressure of opinion makers.“
Giovanni Sartori 1987, 86-87
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Two Decades of Media and Politics Relations in Slovakia: Lesson Learned
„It is surprising, to us, to find that the parties which replaced the
communists and socialists often seem almost as ardent in using non-
democratic means to run the media.“
Al Hester, Director of Cox International Center, 1993
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Two Decades of Media and Politics Relations in Slovakia: Lesson Learned
Why the majority of post-communist Slovak top politicians sooner or later gained ambivalent, often openly negative, sometimes even extremely negative attitudes towards the mass media?
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Two Decades of Media and Politics Relations in Slovakia: Lesson Learned
Why there were various functions of the media in post communist transformation, sometimes opposite to what liberal democratic theory would expect on the part of the media?
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Two Decades of Media and Politics Relations in Slovakia: Lesson Learned
Top-ten enemy of the press in the world 1995
Committee to Protect Journalists
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Two Decades of Media and Politics Relations in Slovakia: Lesson Learned
missunderstanding of the functions of the media in liberal democracy
AND principles of their work (e.g. news
criteria)
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Two Decades of Media and Politics Relations in Slovakia: Lesson Learned
Why there were various functions of the media in post communist transformation, sometimes contradictory to what liberal democratic theory would expect?
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The functions of the media: Information Criticism (watchdog) Analysis Mediating („mirror“) ..entertainment, economy
function,...
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Two Decades of Media and Politics Relations in Slovakia: Lesson Learned
INFORMATION:
A) misinformation B) propaganda C) truth
initially strong influence, later less so important (experience, additional sources of information)
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Two Decades of Media and Politics Relations in Slovakia: Lesson Learned
CRITICISM:
A) wrong subjects B) too often unfair C) too late D) but progress in time
minimum impact
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Two Decades of Media and Politics Relations in Slovakia: Lesson Learned
ANALYSIS:
A) missing in the most important media (radio, television)
B) good in quality daily and weekly press and foreign radio broadcast
Minimum impact
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Two Decades of Media and Politics Relations in Slovakia: Lesson Learned
MEDIATING:
A) more often follower than leader
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Two Decades of Media and Politics Relations in Slovakia: Lesson Learned
ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS:
political intensification
manipulatory (deliberate, unintentional)
integrative / disintegrative cultivation
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Two Decades of Media and Politics Relations in Slovakia: Lesson Learned
Which media scenario/development trajectory could be applied to the
Slovak case?
And WHY?
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