MatterMatter
Intro Chapter Intro Chapter
• Anything that has mass and volume.
Matter
• The smallest unit of an element that keeps the properties of that element.
Atom
• Small particles of the atom– Nucleus
• Protons ( + )• Neutrons (neutral charge)
– Electron Cloud• Electrons ( - )
Subatomic Particles
• Contains the protons and neutrons.
Nucleus
Proton
• Found in the nucleus with a positive charge.
+
• Found in the nucleus with a neutral charge.
Neutron
n
• Found orbiting outside the nucleus with a negative charge.
-
Electron
Element
• A substance composed of a single kind of atom.
– Hydrogen– Helium– Carbon– Nitrogen– Oxygen– Neon– Sodium
– Magnesium– Aluminum– Silicon– Argon– Calcium– Iron– Gold
H
He
C
N
O
Ne
Na
Mg
Al
Si
Ar
Ca
Fe
Au
Elements
• Each element is identified by it’s atomic number.
Atomic #
• A diagram showing the arrangement of the elements according to their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties are in the same column.
Periodic Table
Atomic #Element Name
Chemical Symbol
Atomic Mass
Periodic Table
Atomic Mass
Atomic #
Atomic Mass
# Protons = Atomic Number
# Neutrons = Atomic Mass- Atomic Number
# Electrons = Atomic Number
Compound
• A substance in which two or more elements are chemically combined.
Mixture
• Two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined.