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©M. Reber 04/21/23
GraphicsAny visual form of presenting
information
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Overview
Types of Graphics Types of Illustrations Ways to Integrate Graphics
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Overview
Types of Graphics Types of Illustrations Ways to Integrate Graphics
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Types of Graphics
Tables Graphs Charts Illustrations
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Types of Graphics:Tables Tables are rows and columns of numbers, words, or
symbols They provide efficient means of presenting comparative
information Information that is suitable for a table generally has two
comparative axes Tables should have headings for columns and/or rows
Check for information in your text that could be presented as a table
Tables should be introduced within the text to provide context
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Types of Graphics:Tables (cont.)
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Name Email Address Phone #1 Phone # 2
1.
John Smith [email protected] 408-000-0000 650-000-0000
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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Types of Graphics:Graphs Graphs show changes in data over time
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Types of Graphics:Charts Charts plot specific information, such as
scientific data The most common charts are: pie charts and
bar charts Pie charts show percentages of a whole:
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Types of Graphics:Charts (cont.)
Bar charts show the same information with the length of each bar representing a percentage or amount:
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Types of Graphics:Illustrations Illustrations give a graphic representation of a
thing or action Common illustrations include:
Objects, parts, features of an object (mechanisms) Actions or movements (the direction one object needs
to be inserted into another) Orientation or position (CPR positioning) Concepts or ideas (an organizational chart) Screen Shots
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Overview
Types of Graphics Types of Illustrations Ways to Integrate Graphics
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Types of Illustrations
Photographs Drawings Flowcharts Diagrams and Schematics Screen Shots
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Types of Illustrations: Photographs Provide most detail with picture-perfect representation
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Figure 4. Removing the back wheel from the bicycle.
Figure 5. Using a tire lever to separate the tire from the wheel.
Can include unnecessary or distracting detail
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Types of Illustrations: Drawings Often considered the ideal illustration
Suppress unnecessary detail and allow reader to focus on important objects, tools, and actions
Illustrate relationships and concepts photography can not
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Types of Illustrations: Flowcharts and Org Charts Flowcharts and other conceptual drawings represent more
abstract information such as positions within a workflow:
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Organizational charts represent hierarchical information such as positions within an organization:
Warehouse Manager
Shipping Clerk
Chief Executive Officer
National Sales Manager
Warranty Inspector
Western Sales Manager
Eastern Sales Manager
Import audio and storyboard
files
Adjust length of audio and video files
Add and edit transition effects
Create an MPEG movie
file
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Types of Illustrations: Diagrams and Schematics A diagram is a plan, drawing, or outline that explains how
something works or the relationship between parts of a whole
A schematic represents the elements of a system using abstract, graphic symbols rather than realistic pictures Omits all irrelevant details, often rendering the object unrecognizable
May add unrealistic elements to aid comprehension
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Types of Illustrations: Screen Shots
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Reproduces the screen or dialog box a user sees when operating hardware and software
Verifies to the user that they are in the correct part of the procedure
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Overview
Types of Graphics Types of Illustrations Ways to Integrate Graphics
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Ways to Integrate Graphics
Purposes of Graphics Uses of Graphics Sources of Graphics Format of Graphics Tips on Using Graphics
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Purposes of Graphics
Show how something looks or is constructed Show how to do something Explain how a process works Show how something is organized Help the reader find specific facts Show relationships Make a persuasive point
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Uses of Graphics
To summarize and condense information To make information easier to access To show comparison or contrast To appeal to right-brained users To add variety and increase interest To emphasize important information To convey quantitative relationships
(percentile rankings, trends, etc.) To communicate internationally
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Sources of Graphics
You can find graphics using these sources: Search on the internet and copy from the web Use clip art (professional sources only)
You can create graphics by: Using a digital camera Creating screen shots Drawing your own illustrations Creating graphs and charts using software applications
If you did not create the graphics, remember: You may need to crop, size, and label the illustrations You must always give credit for the illustration you copy Ask permission to use the illustration if necessary
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Format of Graphics
Use sans serif fonts (Arial, Helvetica, etc.) for flowchart text, figure titles, callout text, and row and column headings in tables
Use smaller fonts for items listed above (at least 1 pt. smaller than body text)
Use straight lines without arrowheads for callout text, not diagonal lines
Use arrowheads to indicate direction only Center text in flowchart boxes vertically/horizontally Adjust individual column width within tables
according to text density Introduce most graphics with lead-in text
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Tips on Using Graphics
Pick the most appropriate type of graphic for the information you are presenting
Do not include a graphic without a purpose Make graphics easy to understand and use Include callouts or captions as necessary Integrate your graphics with your text
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