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LONGMAN Second Edition
Preparation Course for the
TOEFC Test
DEBORAH PHILLIPS
•5»
PEARSON
Longman
TOEFL® is the registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS). This publication is not endorsed or approved by ETS. No endorsement of this publication by Educational Testing Service should be inferred.
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION xv
SECTION ONE: READING i READING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST: 2
Aggression 3
READING OVERVIEW 8
READING SKILLS 10
VOCABULARY AND REFERENCE 10 SKILL 1 UNDERSTAND VOCABULARY FROM CONTEXT 10
Reading Exercise 1 13 Smog 13 Autism 14 Parasitic Plants 15 Edna Ferber 16
SKILL 2 RECOGNIZE REFERENTS 17 Reading Exercise 2 19
Animal Congregation 19 Chromium Compounds 20 New World Epidemics 21 Horatio Alger, Jr. 22
Reading Review Exercise (Skills 1-2) 23 Coral Colonies 23
SENTENCES 26
SKILL 3 SIMPLIFY MEANINGS OF SENTENCES 26 Reading Exercise 3 28
Camouflage 28 Post-it® Notes 29 The Pulitzer Prize 31 Competition and Cooperation 33
SKILL 4 INSERT SENTENCES INTO THE PASSAGE 35 Reading Exercise 4 37
Popcorn 37 Lions 38 Accidental Inventions 39 Uranium 40
Reading Exercise (Skills 3-4) 41 Theodore Dreiser 41
Reading Review Exercise (Skills 1-4) 45 Pulsars 45
iii
DETAILS 49
SKILL 5 FIND FACTUAL INFORMATION 49 Reading Exercise 5 51
Lake Baikal 51 The Postage Stamp 52 The Clovis Culture 53 Brown Dwarfs 54
SKILL 6 UNDERSTAND NEGATIVE FACTS 56 Reading Exercise 6 59
Flatfish 59 Limestone Caves 60 Wrigley's Chewing Gum 61 Dissociative Identity Disorder 62
Reading Exercise (Skills 5-6) 63 John Muir 63
Reading Review Exercise (Skills 1-6) 66 Caretaker Speech 66
INFERENCES 70
SKILL 7 MAKE INFERENCES FROM STATED FACTS Reading Exercise 7 72
Tiger Moths 72 The Cambrian Explosion 73 The Golden Age of Comics 74 The Filibuster 75
SKILL 8 INFER RHETORICAL PURPOSE 76 Reading Exercise 8 78
Xerography 78 Demographic Change 79 The Hubble Telescope 80 Territoriality 82
Reading Exercise (Skills 7-8) 83 Ella Deloria 83
Reading Review Exercise (Skills 1-8) 87 Early Autos 87
READING TO LEARN 91
SKILL 9 SELECT SUMMARY INFORMATION 91 Reading Exercise 9 94
Island Plant Life 94 Ben and Jerry 95 The Bald Eagle 96 Modernism in Art 97
SKILL 10 COMPLETE SCHEMATIC TABLES 98 Reading Exercise 10 101
Sand Dunes 101 A Surprising Connection 102 Carnivorous Plants 103 William Faulkner 104
CONTENTS
Reading Exercise (Skills 9-10) 105 Species 105
Reading Review Exercise (Skills 1-10) 107 Decisions 107
READING POST-TEST 111 Aquatic Schools 112
SECTION TWO: LISTENING 117 LISTENING DIAGNOSTIC P R E T E S T 118
A Problem with a Class 119 Sleep 121
LISTENING OVERVIEW 123
LISTENING SKILLS 125
BASIC COMPREHENSION 125
SKILL 1 UNDERSTAND THE GIST 125 Listening Exercise 1 128
An Engineering Course 128 The Grade Report 128 Lakes 129 Meteorology 129
SKILL 2 UNDERSTAND THE DETAILS 130 Listening Exercise 2 133
A Parking Sticker 133 A Drama Class 134 Early Teachers 135 Iron Pyrite 136
Listening Review Exercise (Skills 1-2) 137 An Anthropology Paper 137
PRAGMATIC UNDERSTANDING 139
SKILL 3 UNDERSTAND THE FUNCTION 139 Listening Exercise 3 143
The Library 143 The Transcript 144 The Opossum 145 Venus 146
SKILL 4 UNDERSTAND THE SPEAKER'S STANCE 148 Listening Exercise 4 152
Course Load 152 A Questionnaire 153 Iroquois Houses 154 Hail 155
Listening Exercise (Skills 3-4) 156 The Fugio Coin 156
Listening Review Exercise (Skills 1^1) 158 Hibernation 158
CONNECTING INFORMATION 160
SKILL 5 UNDERSTAND THE ORGANIZATION 160 Listening Exercise 5 164
Tropism 164 Fossils 165 Clarence Darrow 166 Fractures 167
SKILL 6 UNDERSTAND RELATIONSHIPS 168 Listening Exercise 6 170
A Placement Test 170 A Term Paper 170 Conifers 171 Presentation 172
Listening Exercise (Skills 5-6) 173 77ze Outer Banks 173
Listening Review Exercise (Skills 1-6) 175 Leaf Arrangements 175
LISTENING POST-TEST 177 The Music Project 178 The Great Lakes 180
SECTION THREE: SPEAKING ш SPEAKING DIAGNOSTIC P R E T E S T 184
A Gooc? Teacher 185 Vacation Preferences 185 Registering for Classes 186 Nonverbal Communication 187 A Problem in French Class 188 Echolocation 188
SPEAKING OVERVIEW 189
SPEAKING SKILLS 192
INDEPENDENT TASKS 192
SKILL 1 PLAN THE FREE-CHOICE RESPONSE 192 Speaking Exercise 1 193
Characteristics of a Good Neighbor 193 Your Favorite Holiday 193 Which Person Helped the Most 194 Ten Million Dollars 194 Your Dream House 194 Your Favorite Food 194 Characteristics of a Good Parent 195 Where You Want to Live 195 The Person You Want to Meet 195 Where You Will Take the TOEFL Test 195
vi CONTENTS
SKILL 2 MAKE THE FREE-CHOICE RESPONSE 196 Speaking Exercise 2 197 Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 1-2) 197
Your Job 197 Driver Age 197 Student Excuses 197 Your Favorite Day 197 Government Changes 197
SKILL 3 PLAN THE PAIRED-CHOICE RESPONSE 197 Speaking Exercise 3 199
Large or Small Class 199 Dinner at Home or Dinner Out 199 Marriage Before or After Age Thirty 199 Preferred Type of Exams 200 Trip by Plane or Train 200 Big City or Small Town 200 Study Alone or with Friends 200 Play or Watch Sports 201 Opera or a Football Game 201 TOEFL Test or a Math Test 201
SKILL 4 MAKE THE PAIRED-CHOICE RESPONSE 202 Speaking Exercise 4 203 Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 3-4) 203
Teacher Mistakes 203 Taking Chances or Playing It Safe 203 Career Choices 203 Decision Making 203 Obeying Parents 203
INTEGRATED TASKS (READING AND LISTENING) 204
SKILL 5 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ 204 Speaking Exercise 5 205
Bicycle Parking on Campus 205 A Professor's Retirement 205 Part of a Class Syllabus 206
SKILL 6 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 206 Speaking Exercise 6 208
Bicycle Parking on Campus 208 A Professor's Retirement 208 Part of a Class Syllabus 209
SKILL 7 PLAN BEFORE YOU SPEAK 209 Speaking Exercise 7 211
SKILL 8 MAKE THE RESPONSE 212 Speaking Exercise 8 213 Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 5-8) 213
History Syllabus 213
SKILL 9
SKILL 10
NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ Speaking Exercise 9 215
The Dead Sea 215 Polling 215 The Polynesian Migration 216
NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN Speaking Exercise 10 217
The Dead Sea 217 Polling 218 The Polynesian Migration
214
216
218
SKILL 11
SKILL 12
PLAN BEFORE YOU SPEAK 219 Speaking Exercise 11 220
MAKE THE RESPONSE 221 Speaking Exercise 12 222 Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 9-12)
The Equity Theory 222
INTEGRATED TASKS (LISTENING) 223
222
SKILL 13
SKILL 14
SKILL 15
SKILL 16
NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN Speaking Exercise 13 225
Choosing a Professor 225 Study Habits 225 An Independent Study Project 226
PLAN BEFORE YOU SPEAK 227 Speaking Exercise 14 228
MAKE THE RESPONSE 229 Speaking Exercise 15 230 Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 13-15)
Bored in Class 230
NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN Speaking Exercise 16 232
The Bank Holiday of 1933 232 Creativity 233 The Amazon River 233
223
230
231
SKILL 17
SKILL 18
PLAN BEFORE YOU SPEAK 234 Speaking Exercise 17 235
MAKE THE RESPONSE 236 Speaking Exercise 18 237 Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 16-18)
SAD 237
SPEAKING POST-TEST 238 An Admirable Person 239 Getting News 239 A Cafeteria Problem 240 Social Environments 241 A Class Schedule Problem 242 Life on Mars 242
237
viii CONTENTS
SECTION FOUR: WRITING 243 WRITING DIAGNOSTIC P R E T E S T 244
Human Memory 245 A News Story 246
WRITING OVERVIEW 247
WRITING SKILLS 249
INTEGRATED TASK 249
SKILL 1 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ 249 Writing Exercise 1 251
Homeschooling 251 Polysemy 251 Margaret Mead's Research 252
SKILL 2 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 253 Writing Exercise 2 255
Homeschooling 255 Polysemy 256 Margaret Mead's Research 256
SKILL 3 PLAN BEFORE YOU WRITE 257 Writing Exercise 3 259
SKILL 4 WRITE A TOPIC STATEMENT 260 Writing Exercise 4 262
SKILL 5 WRITE SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS ON READING PASSAGES 263 Writing Exercise 5 264
SKILL 6 WRITE SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS ON LISTENING PASSAGES 265 Writing Exercise 6 267
SKILL 7 REVIEW SENTENCE STRUCTURE 268 Writing Exercise 7 269
Management Styles 269 Earthquake Waves 269
SKILL 8 REVIEW GRAMMAR 270 Writing Exercise 8 270
American English Spelling 270 Aversive Conditioning 271
Writing Review Exercise (Skills 1-8) 272 Stonehenge 272
CONTENTS ix
INDEPENDENT TASK 273
SKILL 9 PLAN BEFORE YOU WRITE 273 Writing Exercise 9 274
Relieving Stress TIA A Famous Place to Visit 274 Actions or Words 275 Yourself Today and Five Years Ago 275 Team or Individual Sports 275 The Best Age to Marry 275 Characteristics of a Good Teacher Tib Haste Makes Waste 276 Learning a New Language 276 The TOEFL Test Tib
SKILL 10 WRITE THE INTRODUCTION 277 Writing Exercise 10 278
SKILL 11 WRITE UNIFIED SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS 281 Writing Exercise 11 283
SKILL 12 CONNECT THE SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS 284 Writing Exercise 12 285
SKILL 13 WRITE THE CONCLUSION 287 Writing Exercise 13 288
SKILL 14 REVIEW SENTENCE STRUCTURE 290 Writing Exercise 14 291
Team Sports 291
SKILL 15 REVIEW GRAMMAR 292 Writing Exercise 15 293
University and High School Studies 293 Writing Review Exercise (Skills 9-15) 293
Emotions 293
WRITING POST-TEST 294 Unintended Consequences Safe or Sorry 296
295
MINI-TESTS 297
MINI-TEST 1 297
Reading
Listening
Speaking
Writing
Migration 298
Science Lab 303 The Little House Books 305
Leader of the Country 308 History Films 308 Formation of Glaciers 309
Garlic 311
x CONTENTS
M I N I - T E S T 2 313
Reading
Listening
Speaking
Writing
M I N I - T E S T 3 329
Reading
Listening
Speaking
Writing
M I N I - T E S T 4 345
Reading
Listening
Speaking
Writing
M I N I - T E S T 5 361
Reading
Listening
Speaking
Writing
M I N I - T E S T 6 377
Reading
Listening
Speaking
Writing
Birth Order 314
Confused Assignment 319 Cross-Dating 321
Getting Up Early 324 Leadership Roles 324 Meeting on Exam Schedule 325
Historical Event 327
Ketchup 330
Biology Class 335 Gem Cuts 337
Hometown 341 Library Rules 341 Split Infinitives 342
Scientific Management 344
Estuaries 346
Cumulative Exam 351 Mountains 353
Kinds of Exams 356 Nullification 356 Psychology Class 357
Working for Others 359
Schizophrenia 362
Scholarship 367 Afo/Zs 369
A Good Friend 372 Student Assistant Positions 372 Zero-Sum Economies 373
Catch-22 375
Exxon Valdez 378
Schedule Plan 383 Animal Hearing 385
Million Dollars 388 Formation of the Solar System Rescheduled Speaker 389
Visitors to Your Country 391
388
M I N I - T E S T 7 393
Reading
Listening
Speaking
Writing
M I N I - T E S T 8 409
Reading
Listening
Speaking
Writing
Plate Tectonics 394
Group Project 399 The Trumpet 401
Studying English 404 Discussion Class 404 NIMBY 405
Supernovas 407
Limners 410
General Studies 415 Carbon 417
ßig Party 420 Somnambulism 420 Questioning the Professor
Violence in Movies 423
421
COMPLETE T E S T S 425
COMPLETE TEST 1 Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3
Listening
Speaking
Writing
COMPLETE TEST 2 Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3
425
Prehistoric Astronomers 426 Truman and the Railroads 431 Mathematical Bases 435
Student Newspaper 441 The Great Salt Lake 443 Kleenex 445 Exam Grade 448 Hawaii 450 Three-Mile Island 452
Dream Job 455 Group Paper 455 Spring Show 456 Great Ape Communication 457 Dreaded Science Class 458 Mercantilism 458
Venus 460 Family Traditions 461
463
Navigational Devices 464 77ze Neanderthals 469 77ze Silent Era 473
xii CONTENTS
Listening Grade Report 478 Washington, D.C. 480 The Letter С 482 The Space Shuttle 485 Caves 487 The Compound Eye 489
Speaking Favorite Movie 492 Telling a Lie 492 Business Internships 493 Supersonic Speed 494 Project Done Bit by Bit 495 Multiple Personality Disorder 495
Writing Social Promotion 497 Good Leader 498
A P P E N D I X E S 499 APPENDIX A APPENDIX В APPENDIX С
Cohesion 499 Sentence Structure 507 Error Correction (Grammar) 514
DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT, AND SCORING 551 Overall Scores 553 Reading Diagnosis and Scoring 554 Listening Diagnosis and Scoring 558 Speaking Assessment and Scoring 562 Writing Assessment and Scoring 573
RECORDING SCRIPT 580
ANSWER KEY 647