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Contents
Welcome to Focus on Grammar v
Scope and Sequence xii
P A R T I Present and Past
UNIT 1 Present Progressive and Simple Present 2
UNIT 2 Simple Past 16
UNIT 3 Past Progressive and Simple Past 31
UNIT 4 Used to and Would 45
UNIT 5 Wh- questions 58From Grammar to Writing 69
P A R T I I The Future
UNIT 6 Future 74
UNIT 7 Future Time Clauses 91From Grammar to Writing 103
P A R T I I I Present Perfect
UNIT 8 Present Perfect: Since and For 108
UNIT 9 Present Perfect: Already, Yet, and Still 121
UNIT 10 Present Perfect: Indefinite Past 133
UNIT 11 Present Perfect and Simple Past 146
UNIT 12 Present Perfect Progressive and Present Perfect 159From Grammar to Writing 173
P A R T I V Modals and Similar Expressions
UNIT 13 Ability: Can, Could, Be able to 176
UNIT 14 Permission: Can, Could, May, Do you mind if 190
UNIT 15 Requests: Can, Could, Will, Would, Would you mind 202
UNIT 16 Advice: Should, Ought to, Had better 214From Grammar to Writing 227
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P A R T V Nouns, Quantifiers, and Articles
UNIT 17 Nouns and Quantifiers 232
UNIT 18 Articles: Indefinite and Definite 246From Grammar to Writing 262
P A R T V I Adjectives and Adverbs
UNIT 19 Adjectives and Adverbs 266
UNIT 20 Adjectives: Comparisons with As . . . as and Than 282
UNIT 21 Adjectives: Superlatives 296
UNIT 22 Adverbs: As . . . as, Comparatives, Superlatives 307From Grammar to Writing 319
P A R T V I I Gerunds and Infinitives
UNIT 23 Gerunds: Subject and Object 322
UNIT 24 Infinitives after Certain Verbs 334
UNIT 25 More Uses of Infinitives 344
UNIT 26 Gerunds and Infinitives 357From Grammar to Writing 372
P A R T V I I I Pronouns and Phrasal Verbs
UNIT 27 Reflexive and Reciprocal Pronouns 376
UNIT 28 Phrasal Verbs 391From Grammar to Writing 403
P A R T I X More Modals and Similar Expressions
UNIT 29 Necessity: Have (got) to, Must, Don’t have to, Must not, Can’t 408
UNIT 30 Expectations: Be supposed to 422
UNIT 31 Future Possibility: May, Might, Could 434
UNIT 32 Conclusions: Must, Have (got) to, May, Might, Could, Can’t 446From Grammar to Writing 461
Appendices A-1Glossary of Grammar Terms G-1Unit Review Answer Key UR-1Index i-1
iv Contents
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