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BoilersBoilers
BOILER TRAININGBOILER TRAININGEng: Hafez YakoutEng: Hafez Yakout
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Main Condensate and Feed SystemsMain Condensate and Feed Systems
BOILER TRAININGBOILER TRAINING
Eng: Hafez YakoutEng: Hafez Yakout
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ObjectivesObjectives Purpose of Condensate and Feed Systems Purpose of Condensate and Feed Systems
and key component functionsand key component functions
Principles of operation and key Principles of operation and key
components of the automatic boiler control components of the automatic boiler control
systemssystems
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M ain Condensate System Purpose M ain Condensate System Purpose
Condense steam to water Condense steam to water Pump condensate from main condenser Pump condensate from main condenser
to DFT to DFT
Provide cooling for air ejector condenser Provide cooling for air ejector condenser
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Condensate System ComponentsCondensate System Components
Main Condenser Main Condenser HotwellHotwell
Main Circulating Water System Main Circulating Water System Main Condensate Pump Main Condensate Pump
Air Ejectors Air Ejectors
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Condenser M U FeedTank
Condensate
PumpAir Ejector
Condenser
CONDENSATION
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M ain Condenser
M ain Condenser
Operates at a vacuum to lower theOperates at a vacuum to lower the
condensation temperature whichcondensation temperature which
increases plant efficiencyincreases plant efficiency
Prevents condensation of steam in the Prevents condensation of steam in the
turbineturbine
Typically a SINGLE PASS, CROSS Typically a SINGLE PASS, CROSS
FLOW, INDIRECT CONTACT FLOW, INDIRECT CONTACT
H otwell H otwell -- -- Stores condensateStores condensate
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M ain Condensate Pump M ain Condensate Pump
H otwell to DFT H otwell to DFT
TypeType
± ± Normally electric driven. Normally electric driven.
± ± Non Non--positive displacement positive displacement
Located below hotwell to provide sufficient Located below hotwell to provide sufficient
NPS H TO PREVENT CAVITATION!!! NPS H TO PREVENT CAVITATION!!!
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Air Ejectors Air Ejectors Remove non Remove non--condensable gases fromcondensable gases from
condenser condenser
Two stagesTwo stages
Warms condensateWarms condensate
Draws initial vacuum on the Main Cond. Draws initial vacuum on the Main Cond.
Steam activated jet pumpsSteam activated jet pumps
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M ain Feed System Purpose
M ain Feed System Purpose
Deaerate Deaerate
Preheat Preheat
Store/Transport water from DFT to boiler Store/Transport water from DFT to boiler
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M ain Feed System Components M ain Feed System Components
Deaerating feed tank (DFT) Deaerating feed tank (DFT)
M ain Feed Boost Pump M ain Feed Boost Pump
M ain Feed Pump M ain Feed Pump
Feedwater Control ValveFeedwater Control Valve
Economizer Economizer
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DFT
B t r
P u m p
F
Pump
FEED (DFT, MFBP, MFP)
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Deaerating Feed Tank (DFT) Deaerating Feed Tank (DFT)
Preheats feedwater Preheats feedwater
Deaerates feedwater Deaerates feedwater
Stores feedwater Stores feedwater
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Deaeration
STORAGE
SECTION
EAERATING
SECTION
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Deaeration
STORAGE
SECTION
TRAYS
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Deaeration
STORAGE
SECTION
St m
Inlet
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Deaeration
STORAGE
SECTION
Condensate
Retur n
Steam
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Deaeration
STORAGE
SECTION
Vent
Condensate
Retur n
Steam
To eed Water Pumps
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Main Feed Boost Pump ( Main Feed Boost Pump ( M
FBP) M
FBP) Ensure there is always sufficient NPS H for Ensure there is always sufficient NPS H for
the MFP, preventing vapor lock the MFP, preventing vapor lock
(Typically a single(Typically a single--stage, double stage, double--suction, suction,
centrifugal pump)centrifugal pump)
Electric Motor Electric Motor
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M AIN FEED PU
M P (
M FP)
M AIN FEED PU
M P (
M FP)
Provides water to the boilers at a Provides water to the boilers at a
sufficient rate and pressure to ensure sufficient rate and pressure to ensure
boiler level is maintained boiler level is maintained
Typically: Multistage, highTypically: Multistage, high--speed, speed,
centrifugal pump. May be either steamcentrifugal pump. May be either steamor electric drivenor electric driven
Discharge pressure up to Discharge pressure up to 13001300 psig psig
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Feedwater Control Valve (FRV)Feedwater Control Valve (FRV)
Maintains boiler water level in Maintains boiler water level in
steam drum steam drum Normally controlled by Automatic Normally controlled by Automatic
Boiler Control System Boiler Control System
± ± Air controlled valveAir controlled valve
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ECONOM
IZER ECONOM
IZER
U ses the exhaust of the boilersU ses the exhaust of the boilers
to preheat the incoming water to preheat the incoming water Increases temperature by Increases temperature by
approximately 140F approximately 140F
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MAKE
MAKE--UP/EXCESSUP/EXCESSFEED SYSTEMFEED SYSTEM
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AUTOMATIC BOILERAUTOMATIC BOILERCONTROL SYSTEMSCONTROL SYSTEMS
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Automatic Boiler Control Systems Automatic Boiler Control Systems
Automatic Combustion Control (ACC) Automatic Combustion Control (ACC)
±± Maintains boiler¶s steam drum pressure by Maintains boiler¶s steam drum pressure by
controlling rate of combustion (air/fuel)controlling rate of combustion (air/fuel) Feedwater Control System (FCS)Feedwater Control System (FCS)
±± Regulates flow of feedwater to boiler toRegulates flow of feedwater to boiler to
maintain levelmaintain level Diff Control System of MFP (DCS)Diff Control System of MFP (DCS)
±± Maintains feedwater supply pressure aboveMaintains feedwater supply pressure abovesteam drum pressuresteam drum pressure
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I. I. Automatic Combustion Control Automatic Combustion Control System (ACC) System (ACC)
Purpose: To maintain the boiler steam Purpose: To maintain the boiler steam--
drum pressure at a constant 165bar during drum pressure at a constant 165bar during steady and changing steam conditions steady and changing steam conditions
± ± Measures (steam drum pressure)Measures (steam drum pressure)
± ±
Compares (actual pressure to desired)Compares (actual pressure to desired) ± ± Computes (error signal)Computes (error signal)
± ± Corrects (air and fuel flow to furnace)Corrects (air and fuel flow to furnace)
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Automatic CombustionAutomatic Combustion
Control (ACC) SystemControl (ACC) System
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II. II. F F eedwater Control Systemeedwater Control System
(FWC)(FWC) Purpose: To regulate the supply of Purpose: To regulate the supply of
feedwater sent to the boiler for use in steam feedwater sent to the boiler for use in steam
production production
± ± Measures (fw flow, steam flow, boiler Measures (fw flow, steam flow, boiler
HH220 level)0 level)
± ± Compares (actual level to desired level)Compares (actual level to desired level)
± ± Computes (error signal)Computes (error signal)
± ± Corrects (feedflow via FRV)Corrects (feedflow via FRV)
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Feedwater Control System (FCS)Feedwater Control System (FCS)
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III. III. M FP Differential Pressure M FP Differential Pressure
Control SystemControl System
Purpose: Ensures that the feedwater Purpose: Ensures that the feedwater--supply supply
pressure is maintained at a constant value pressure is maintained at a constant value
above the steamabove the steam--drum pressuredrum pressure
Measures (MFP disch press/ Stm drum press)Measures (MFP disch press/ Stm drum press)
± ± Compares (D/P)Compares (D/P)
± ± Computes (error signal)Computes (error signal)
± ± Corrects (alters MFP speed via stm supply)Corrects (alters MFP speed via stm supply)
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The End The End
Thank you for listening«.Thank you for listening«.
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