Download - Lec 26 - Transactional Analysis (Print)
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TRANSACTIONAL
ANALYSIS
Dr. Sunil R. Misra
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Transactional Analysis
Transactional Analysis is a theory developed by
Dr. Eric Berne in the 1950s, and popularized
by Thomas Harris in the 1960s.
Originally trained in psychoanalysis, Berne
wanted a theory which could be understood
and available to everyone.
Transactional Analysis is a social psychology
and a method to improve communication. 2
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Transactional Analysis
The theory outlines how we have developed
and treat ourselves, how we relate and
communicate with others, and offers
suggestions and interventions which will
enable us to change and grow.
TA includes 3 major areas that are
Ego States, Transaction, and Strokes & Games.
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When two people interact with each other
they engage in social transactions in which
one person responds to the another.
Study of such social transactions is known as Transactional Analysis.
It is used to study and analyze
interpersonal communication.
Transactional Analysis
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REASONS FOR POPULARITY OF TA IN
MANAGEMENT
SIMPLE
LANGUAGE
USEFUL AT WORK &
AT HOME
DEMONSTRATED
SUCCESS IN BUSS.
ORGANIZATIONS
NON-THREATENING
SELF-ANALYSIS
APPROPRIATE
FOR NORMAL PEOPLE
BUILT-IN HUMOR
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The Johari Window model
A simple and useful tool for understanding and
training self-awareness, personal development,
improving communications, interpersonal
relationships, group dynamics, team development
and inter-group relationships.
Developed by American psychologists Joseph Luft
and Harry Ingham in the 1950's, calling it 'Johari'
after combining their first names, Joe and Harry.
Especially relevant due to emphasis on, and
influence of, 'soft' skills, behaviour, empathy,
cooperation, inter-group development and
interpersonal development.
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Johari Window
Open Hidden
Blind Dark
self
Others
Known unknown
Known
unknown
The Level of Self Awareness
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Ego States
Parent Ego State characterized by domineering, over protective & loving, stern and
critical. It is illustrated by those who establish
standard and rule for other.
Adult Ego State In this people attack problems in a cool minded rational manner. In adult state
information is gathered, carefully analyze it,
generate alternative, and make logical choices.
Child Ego State submissive & conforming, insubordinate, emotional, joyful, or rebellious.
Characterize by very immature behaviors. 8
Dr. Sunil Misra
TA Ego States or Personality Aspects
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Life Positions
Im OK Im OK Youre not OK Youre OK
Im not OK Im not OK Youre not OK Youre OK
Atti
tude
tow
ard
One
self
Attitude toward Others
Negative Positive
Positive
Negative
Life is worthy living (ADULT EGO)
Get away
from me
(Depression,
withdrawal
and anxiety)
Life is not worthy
living at all (Extreme
withdrawal, Suicide)
Get rid of others
(blame others for
their miseries) PARENT EGO
Dr. Sunil Misra
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Transaction Types
Just as people have three basic ego
states, there are three types of
transactions.
Complementary
Transaction
Crossed
Transaction Ulterior
Transaction
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Transaction between ego states
Complimentary transaction: Transactions are complimentary if the message sent or behavior
exhibited by 1 person ego state receive the
appropriate and expected response from the other
person ego state.
P
A A
P
C
P
C
P
C
A A
C
P
C C
A A
P
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Dr. Sunil Misra
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Crossed Transaction: It occurs when message sent, the behavior exhibited by the
1 persons ego state is reacted to by an incompatible and unexpected ego state on
the part of the other person.
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Ulterior Transaction: They are very damaging to interpersonal relation because it
always involve at least two ego state on the
part of 1 person. Individual may say one
thing but mean quite another.
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TYPES OF INTERPERSONAL TRANSACTIONS
P P
A
C C
A
P P
A
C C
A
P P
A
C C
A
P P
A
C C
A
P P
A
C C
A
P P
A
C C
A
COMPLEMENTARY CROSSED ULTERIOR
EXPECTED RESPONSE,
NO CONFLICT
PRODUCE CONFLICT, STOP
COMMUNICATION, HURT FEELINGS VERBAL COMMUNICATION
NON-VERBAL HIDDEN MEANING
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Strokes and Games
Strokes: It means simply that beginning in infancy and continuing throughout their lives, people need
cuddling, affection, recognition, and praise. People
dont get positive strokes when they will seek out negative strokes. The strokes is divided in to two
categories:-
Positive
Negative
Games: Games are set of pattern or transactions that have surface logic but hidden meaning and attempt to
drawing in an unsuspecting participant. The outcome
of the games is always a win - lose proposition.
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Dr. Sunil Misra
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STROKING THE TYPES OF STROKES YOU SEEK DEPEND ON YOUR OKAYNESS
PRAISE
COMPLEMENTS
RECOGNITION
AFFECTION
REWARDS
SYMPATHY
CONSOLATION
SELF-SATISFACTION
FROM JOB WELL
DONE
PUT-DOWNS
CRITICISM
DEGRADING
RIDICULE
SCOLDING
PUNISHMENT
DISCOUNTING
POSITIVE
STROKES
NEGATIVE
STROKES
Dr. Sunil Misra
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Advantages of TA:
Improves interpersonal communication
Simple to learn
Applicable in Motivation
Helps in Organizational Development
Can be used at home as well as in office
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Disadvantages of TA:
Few scientific facts to prove
Inhibits cuteness rather than an insight into human behavior
Ego states are difficult to define.