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LEARNING GOAL: DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF CARBOHYDRATES
LEARNING GOAL: UNDERSTAND THE EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
QOD: Halloween is around the corner, what is the
number one thing in most of those reeces, skittles,
and kit-kats we will collect?
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Introduction to Photosynthesis
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Building Macromolecules
Polymer – large biomolecules made by linking together a large number of the same type of subunit
Monomer- small molecule that is a subunit of a polymer (building blocks)
Chemical reactions link monomers together to build polymers or break down polymers into monomers Enzymes catalyze these reactions!!
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Organic Macromolecules (Polymers)
MONOMER POLYMER
Amino Acid Protein
Monosaccharide ( AKA simple sugar)
Polysaccharide(AKA carbohydrate)
Nucleotide Nucleic Acid
These organic macromolecules are made of…CHNOPS!
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Carbohydrates: Monomers
MONOSACCHARIDESSimple sugarsEx: Glucose (C6H12O6)Linked together to buildcomplex carbohydrates like starchMono—one Saccharide--sweet
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Carbohydrates: Polymers
POLYSACCHARIDES poly-many saccharide-sweet
FUNCTION #1: STRUCTURAL PURPOSES CELLULOSE (AKA Fiber) – cell walls of plant cells CHITIN – cell walls of fungi cells and shells of
exoskeletons (arthropods)
FUNCTION #2: SHORT-TERM ENERGY STORAGE
STARCH – short-term energy storage in plants GLYCOGEN – short-term energy storage in animals
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STRUCTURE OF CARBS
Cellulose – long straight chains of glucose (structural)Starch- branched chains of glucose (energy)Glycogen – highly branched chains of glucose (energy)
Only straight chains stack neatly into strong, rigid rope-like bundles!
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LEARNING GOAL: DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF CARBOHYDRATES
LEARNING GOAL: UNDERSTAND THE EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
QOD: What does photosynthesis depend on? Why do leaves change color
in the fall?
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LEARNING GOAL: UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
QOD: Why did the leaves start floating during the lab on Friday? What changed?
Why?
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LEARNING GOAL: UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
QOD: Why did the leaves go from sunk to floating?
What changed? How?
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The building blocks of polymers are?
A. SaccharidesB. MonomersC. LipidsD. Amino Acids
Sacch
arides
Monomers
Lipids
Amino Acids
0% 0%0%0%
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Which of the following is an example of an energy storing polysaccharide ?
A. GlycogenB. CelluloseC. ChitinD. Lipids
Glycogen
Cellulose
Chitin
Lipids
0% 0%0%0%
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Why is cellulose rigid & useful for building cell walls, whereas starch &
glycogen are not?
A. Cellulose is branched & CAN NOT pack into rigid rope-like bundles, but starch and glycogen are straight & unbranched & CAN pack into ropes
B. Starch and glycogen are branched & CAN NOT pack into rigid rope-like bundles, but cellulose is straight & unbranched & CAN pack into ropes
C. Cellulose is branched & CAN pack into rigid rope-like bundles, but starch and glycogen are straight & unbranched & CAN NOT pack into ropes
Cellulose
is bra
nched &
C..
Starch an
d glycoge
n are...
Cellulose
is bra
nched &
...
0% 0%0%
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Photosynthesis
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Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis?
A. WaterB. GlucoseC. Carbon DioxideD. Sunlight
Wate
r
Glucose
Carbon Dioxid
e
Sunlight
0% 0%0%0%
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In addition to sunlight, what are the other reactants for the process of photosynthesis?
A. Water and oxygen
B. Water and glucose
C. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
D. Water and carbon dioxide
Wate
r and oxy
gen
Wate
r and gluco
se
Oxyge
n and ca
rbon dioxid
e
Wate
r and ca
rbon dioxid
e
0% 0%0%0%
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Pigments of Photosynthesis
Pigments are molecules that absorb specific wavelengths (energies) of light and reflect all others.
Chlorophyll is the main pigment in charge of capturing the energy from sunlight.
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•Chlorophyll a absorbs …………….. light best.•Chlorophyll b absorbs ……………. light best.
•Why do plants look green?•THEY RELFECT GREEN LIGHT!!!
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Chloroplast Structure
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Chlorophyll is a pigment in the chloroplast that
A. stores and releases energy
B. absorbs sunlight
C. Carries high energy electrons
D. Makes glucosesto
res and re
leases e
nergy
absorb
s sunlig
ht
Carries h
igh energy elect.
..
Makes g
lucose
0% 0%0%0%
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Chloroplasts do not contain which of the following structures?
A. MitochondriaB. ThylakoidsC. StromaD. Chlorophyll
Mito
chondria
Thylakoids
Stroma
Chlorophyll
0% 0%0%0%
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CLASS WARM-UP
1. Get your clickers!2. Get out your HW for us to check!3. Get out your notebook and answer the
following questions:1. What is the balanced chemical equation for
photosynthesis? (write it out in words first then in chemical formulas)
2. Identify the reactants and products in the chemical equation for photosynthesis.
3. Draw a chloroplast and label the 2 parts.4. What is chlorophyll?
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Photosynthesis
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Chemical Energy and ATP
ATP Adenosine triphosphate Compound that cells use to
store and release energy Made of adenine, 5-carbon
sugar (ribose), and 3 phosphate groups
ADP Adenosine diphosphate Made of adenine, 5-carbon
sugar (ribose), and 2 phosphate groups
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Chemical Energy and ATP
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QOD: Why do cells need “electron carriers?” What are the 2 parts of photosynthesis?
LG: Describe the process of photosynthesis and its importance to living things.
Quiz: Thursday, on Photosynthesis
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QOD: Every couple days, I water my little plant by the kitchen sink. What happens to that water?
LG: Describe the process of photosynthesis and its importance to living things.
Quiz: Thursday, on Photosynthesis
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Electron Carrier Molecule
Electron Carrier Molecules Compound that can accept a pair of high energy
electrons and transfer them, along with most of their energy to another molecule
One way the sunlight can be trapped in a chemical form and use it to build glucose for the plant cell
Example: NADP+ = accepts and holds 2 high energy electrons
along with a hydrogen ion (H+) When NADP+ accepts 2 electrons and a H+ it
becomes NADPH
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What is the process in which autotrophs trap the energy from the sun and store this energy in molecules such as glucose.
A. PredationB. MetabolismC. Cell RespirationD. Photosynthesis
Predation
Meta
bolism
Cell Resp
iration
Photosy
nthesis
0% 0%0%0%
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Which is not a function of NADPH?
A. To carry energy for other organelles to do work
B. To carry 2 high energy electrons
C. To act as a carrier molecule
D. To carry a hydrogen ion
To carry
energy fo
r oth
er...
To carry
2 high energy
el...
To act as a
carri
er molecu
le
To carry
a hydroge
n ion
0% 0%0%0%
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Photosynthesis: Step 1 – Light-Dependent Reaction
Takes place in Thylakoids. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy from the sun. Water is then split into hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). The oxygen is released to the atmosphere. Produces NADPH and ATP for the light-independent reaction
(step 2)! H2O
INSunlightWater ADPNADP+
OUTOxygenATPNADPH
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Photosynthesis: Step 2 – Light-Independent
ReactionTakes place in Stroma.
Also called the Calvin Cycle or Dark Reactions.
CO2 (carbon dioxide) combines with hydrogen (H) to form C6H12O6 (glucose).
The NADPH made in the light-dependent reactions provides the Hydrogen for the glucose
The ATP made in light-dependent reactions provides the energy for the Light independent reactions to occur.
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H2O
Write a description of the diagram above. Include as much detail as you can!
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What affects the rate of photosynthesis?
Amount of :- sunlight- CO2
- H2O
- temperatureAll the reactions of photosynthesis are controlled by enzymes. Temperatures above or below the optimum temperature will slow down the chemical reactions.
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GET YOUR CLICKERS!
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Energy from the sun is collected during the:
A. Light-independent reactions
B. Light-dependent reactions
C. Thylakoid reactions
D. Krebs Cycle
Light-i
ndependent reacti
ons
Light-d
ependent reacti
ons
Thylakoid re
actions
Krebs C
ycle
0% 0%0%0%
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Glucose is created during this step of photosynthesis.
A. Light-independent reaction
B. Light-dependent reaction
C. Thylakoid reactions
D. Krebs Cycle Li
ght-independent r
eaction
Light-d
ependent reacti
on
Thylakoid re
actions
Krebs C
ycle
0% 0%0%0%
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Which of the following would not directly impact the growth of a plant?
A. Spectrum of light
B. Concentration of oxygen
C. Concentration of carbon dioxide
D. Availability of water
E. TemperatureSpectr
um of ligh
t
Concentra
tion of oxyg
en
Concentra
tion of carb
on ...
Availa
bility o
f wate
r
Temperature
0% 0% 0%0%0%
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Which of the following is NOT produced in the light-dependent reactions?
1. NADPH2. Sugars3. Hydrogen Ions4. ATP
NADPH
Sugars
Hydroge
n Ions
ATP
0% 0%0%0%