2/19/2015 US II

Goal: Assess the impact of governmental efforts to regulate industrial and financial systems in order to provide economic stability.

QOD: What president do you feel made the most difference in American history and why?

Agenda: Progressive Presidents with graphic organizer/Civil Rights Activists

DUE NOW: IRON JAWED ANGELS MOVIE QUESTIONS

TEST: Tuesday February 24 Back to School night

Progressive Presidents

and their domestic policies

Theodore Roosevelt

Republican

William Taft

Republican

Woodrow Wilson

Democrat

Theodore Roosevelt• Influential NY family

• Grew up sickly• Changed in teens, and loved outdoors and sports

• Had a ranch in ND Badlands- – Now a National Park

• Graduated from Harvard

Square Deal(write next to his

name)Saw the presidency as a position where he had power to get things done for the betterment of America and did exactly that.

26th President•NY political machine nominates him for VP because VP does nothing and as Governor he was reforming

•McKinley is assassinated •Youngest Prez (42)

Square Deal• Slogan for election– Time for Change (Obama)

1.Limiting the power of trusts (trustbuster/hated monopolies)

Man of the People (cont.)

1.Promoting public health and safety, (Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act)

This came about because of Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle

• Improving working conditions (Settle Coal Miners Strike)

• Conservation- (Opened national parks and created reserves for wildlife)

Theory of Square Deal• Believed that the needs of workers, business, and consumers should be balanced.

• Big business is good as long as they were (equals) fair business practices.

• Give me an example of an unfair business practice!

Presidency• Bully Pulpit- a powerful platform to

publicize important issues and seek support for his policies. Uses the media frequently to push his agenda

• 1st Impressions– Coal Strike 1902

• Roosevelt threatens federal take over of coal mines if strike didn’t end

The Jungle Upton Sinclair

• Protecting Consumers– Meat Inspection Act: Required federal inspection if neat shipped across state lines

– Pure Food and Drug Act: forbid the manufacture sale, or transportation of food and patent medicine containing harmful ingredients.

Created National Parksa conservationist

• John Muir– Convinced Roosevelt to save Yosemite

– Roosevelt creates the world’s first national park in Yellowstone

– Newlands Reclamation Act (1902) •Allowed Gov. to create irrigation systems for dry land making it productive

•Funded by selling federal land

Environmental Conservatism is Roosevelt's greatest legacy.

William Taft• Hand picked by Roosevelt but wouldn’t carry Roosevelt’s policies

• 16th Amendment –Power to levy income tax Progressive belief

• Taft’s Approach to Progressivism split the Republicans – Tried to consolidate reforms– Passed higher tariffs– Will be the biggest trust buster breaking up over 90 monopolies

– Lacked environmental commitment

Bull Moose Party (1912)(write on back of worksheet)

Unsatisfied with the performance of Taft, Teddy Roosevelt will create a progressive third party for the election of 1912.

Nicknamed Bull Moose Party

Why would he do this?

Bull Moose Party

• Splits the republican vote and Wilson wins

• Spiteful

• Teddy did not want Taft to win and get re-elected

• Was he successful?

• Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) becomes prez

Woodrow Wilson• 28th • Won due to split

• Marks the transition from old America into a world leader.

New Freedom-Banking Reform-Creates the Federal Reserve, controls American money: run by smaller banks that kept their reserve money there. This is Wilson’s legacy

-Tariff reductions: Import taxes make products from overseas more expensive

• Stronger Anti-trust laws

Underwood Tariff Act • Reduced tariffs to lowest level in 50 yrs

• Set up graduated income tax– More you make- more you pay

Federal Reserve Act• 1913• Created a centralized banking system where banks can get loans in time of panic

• Controls amount of money in circulation

Clayton Anti-Trust Act• Prohibited competing companies from buying stock in each other in order to form a monopoly

• Supported worker boycotts, strikes, and picketing legal for the 1st time

18th Amendment

• Prohibition

• Pressure from women (WCTU) and anti saloon league to ban alcohol

Women Suffrage• Modeled after Britain's• Gave strong war support

– Proved women were smart and capable

• Campaigned on BOTH national and state levels

• 19th Amendment- 1920

African Americans gained nothing with any of these presidents

• Gained nothing- lost with Jim Crow

• Wilson previews “Birth of a Nation in the White House”

• Brownsville Incident- – 167 African Americans dishonorable discharged for allegedly shooting up the town

Review from US I

• Civil War 1861-1865• Reconstruction 1865-1877: many legal

advances for African Americans– 13th amendment– 14th amendment– 15th amendment

African Americans will also be elected into office in the South

But in 1876

• North pulls its troops out and white-supremacist Democrats take over (below is a campaign poster

Most African Americans became sharecroppers.

KKK had support of local officials and terrorized anyone who voted Republican.

• Lynching became a widespread form of terrorism against African Americans, especially those who gained an economic/ social

foothold.

This leads to the rise of two civil rights activists with totally

different agendas

Against this historical context, and the lack of legislation (laws) by the progressive presidents two leaders emerged that will fight for rights of African Americans: Booker T. Washington – passive /gradual acceptance and vocational school (learn a trade)W.E.B. DuBois. Aggressive/immediate acceptanceFounded NAACP- civil rights through law and education

Who do these two men remind you of?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPQvwxRdq0E

Readings