Johny Hizkia Siringo RingoBIT (Multimedia Tech.), MIMS (Soft. Dev.)
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IS341Web Technology
The WWW Architecture
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Objectives
• Explain what is world wide web Internet, HTML, and any other concepts necessary to comprehend web building
• Explain how web pages are retrieved
• Identify some common web site themes
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Contents
• Introduction• Defining the web• How does the web work• Web browser• Web server• Hypertext system• Plug in and helper application• HTML• Themes for web site• Hosting options• Summary
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The Internet
• What is internet?
– Collection of giant networks
• WWW (World Wide Web) a.k.a Web
• Web is NOT Internet
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The Web
• WWW is an internet application
• It is a collection of documents.
– These web mostly contains the following
• Multimedia rich content (text, graphic, video, sound, animation)
• Web uses hypertext
• Viewed using software called web browser
• The web uses a specific protocol called HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
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The Web
• How does WWW work– A client (using web browser) sends a HTTP request
to a web server for a specific file
– A web server contains web pages and files
– The web server send the requested file back to the client
– The file (mostly web page) is rendered / displayed via the web browsers
– The web browsers display the information, based on the HTML code in the file.
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Web Browsers
• A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web.
• Example of web browsers
– Mozilla Firefox
– Internet Explorer
– Safari (Mac users)
– Opera
– Many more….
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Web Server
• A web server is a computer program that delivers (serves) content, such as web pages, using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), over the World Wide Web.
• Example of Web Server– Apache (Widely used ~ 54%)
– IIS (Second widely used ~ 24%)
– Nginx
– Lighttpd
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Some Terminology
• Domain Names– A domain name is an identification label that
defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority, or control on the Internet, based on the Domain Name System (DNS).
• DNS (Domain Name System)– it serves as the "phone book" for the Internet by
translating human-friendly computer hostnamesinto IP addresses. For example, www.example.comtranslates to 192.0.32.10.
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Some Terminology
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator)– Abbreviation of Uniform Resource Locator, the global
address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web.
– The first part of the address is called a protocol identifierand it indicates what protocol to use, and the second part is called a resource name and it specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is located. The protocol identifier and the resource name are separated by a colon and two forward slashes.
– ftp://www.pcwebopedia.com/stuff.exe
– http://www.pcwebopedia.com/index.html
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Web 2.0
• The term "Web 2.0" is commonly associated with web applications that facilitate interactive information sharing, interoperability, user-centered design,[1] and collaboration on the World Wide Web.
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Hypertext and Hypermedia
• Hypertext is the basis of navigation on the web.• A web page contains hyperlinks (which can be
text or an icon) that connect to another section within the web page, to another page or web server.
• Provides easy searching and browsing by associating information.
• Non-linear non-sequential viewing.• Hypertext that involves multimedia elements are
known as hypermedia.
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Plug in and helper applications
• These programs are used to extend thefunctions of the browser
– Ex: playing video clips, sound and documents (likePDF)
• Plug in is closely tied to the browser andlaunches in the browser window, whereashelper application is a stand alone programthat launches in separate window.
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HTML
• HyperText Markup Language
• Common display language used in web pages
• Contains markup tags for display instructions
• Can be created using plain text editor
• A HTML web page has a html or htm extension
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W3Schools says:
• We think a Web developer should focus on:
– The HTML 4.01 standard (HTML 5.0 ??)
– The use of CSS (Style sheets)
– The new XHTML
– XML and XSL
– Server Side Scripting
– Managing data with SQL
– Running an “information” server
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Web Site Themes
• Personal interest
• Educational interest
• Commercial
• Online publication and news
• Community groups, clubs, organizations
• Common interests or ideas
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Hosting Web Site
• A web site must be stored in a web server which is permanently connected to the internet
• Host on our own web server
• Use Internet Service Provider’s service
• Free hosting on the web
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Summary
• The World Wide Web is one of the facilities that uses the Internet.
• The World Wide Web consists of HTML pages, which are stored in web server and displayed using web browsers.
• A web site may have various themes ranging from personal interest, educational to commercial.
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Exercise
• What is the web? What is the relationshipbetween the web and the Internet?
• What is HTML? Is it necessary to learn HTMLin order to create a website?
• Explain how a browser displays a web page
• Give examples of web browsers
• What are plug ins and helper applications?What are they for? What are the differencesbetween them?
