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Introduction to Arthropod
Groups
Entomology 340
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The study of insects
(and their near relatives).
What is Entomology?
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PLANTSPLANTS
OTHEROTHERANIMALSANIMALS
OTHEROTHERARTHROPODSARTHROPODS
INSECTSINSECTS
Species Diversity
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• 1,000,0001,000,000 species known species knownPossibly 3,000,000 unidentifiedspecies
How many kinds of insects
are there in the world?
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Insects & Relatives
100,000 species in N America
1,000 in a typical backyard
Mostly beneficial or harmless
Pollination
Food for birds and fish
Produce honey, wax, shellac, silk
Less than 3% are pests
Destroy food crops, ornamentals
Attack humans and pets
Transmit disease
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Classification of Japanese Beetle
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda
Class Insecta
Order Coleoptera
Family Scarabaeidae
Genus Popillia
Species japonica
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Arthropoda (jointed foot)
Arachnida -Spiders, Ticks, Mites,Scorpions
Xiphosura -Horseshoe crabs
Crustacea -Sowbugs, Pillbugs,Crabs, Shrimp
Diplopoda - Millipedes
Chilopoda - Centipedes
Symphyla - Symphylans
Insecta - Insects
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- Segmented bodies are arranged into regions,
called tagmata (in insects = head, thorax,
abdomen).
- Paired appendages (e.g., legs, antennae) are
jointed.
- Posess chitinous exoskeletion that must be shed
during growth.
- Have bilateral symmetry.
- Nervous system is ventral (belly) and the
circulatory system is open and dorsal (back).
Shared Characteristics of
Phylum Arthropoda
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Mouthpart characteristics are divided
arthropods into two large groups
•Chelicerates (Scissors-like)
•Mandibulates (Pliers-like)
Arthropod Groups
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Arthropod Groups
Arachnida -Spiders, Ticks, Mites,Scorpions
Xiphosura -Horseshoe crabs
Crustacea -Sowbugs, Pillbugs,Crabs, Shrimp
Diplopoda - Millipedes
Chilopoda - Centipedes
Symphyla - Symphylans
Insecta - Insects
Chelicerate
Mandibulate
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• Scissors or Pincher-like mouthparts - chelicerae -
and pedipalps
• NO antennae
• Two body regions
• usually - cephalothorax & abdomen
• Four pairs of legs
• Horseshoe crabs and Arachnids (extant)
• Trilobytes, and Eurypterids (extinct)
Chelicerate Arthropod
Characteristics
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Scorpion
Scorpionida
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Scorpion Anatomy
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chelicerae eyes pedipalp
Scorpion Head
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• Scorpionida - scorpions
• Pseudoscorpionida - false
scorpions
• Phalangida - daddy-long-legs or
harvestmen
• Acari - mites & ticks
• Araneida - spiders
Orders of Arachnids
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ScorpionTick
(a mite)
Pseudoscorpion
Daddy-long-legsWolf
Spider
Orders of Arachnids
Scorpionida
Pseudoscorpionida
Acari
Araneida
Phalangida
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Pseudoscorpion
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pedipalps &
chelicerae
cephalothorax
abdomen
Mite and Tick Body Regions
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American dog tick male
-Vectors
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Blacklegged (deer) tick female
- Vectors Lyme disease
Common ticks
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American dog tick female laying egg mass (1000-2000 eggs!).
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Clover mites
Twospotted spider mites
Predatory mite
Mites
Velvet mite
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cephalothorax abdomen
Phalangids
(daddy-long-legs)
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pedipalp
chelicera (fang)
cephalothorax
abdomen
narrow waist
Spider Anatomy
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Abdomen
Pedipalp
Chelicera (fang)
Cephalothorax
Jumping Spider
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Wolf spider with egg case Spitting spider
TarantulaOrbweaving spider
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Black widow with
egg case
Brown Recluse
(fiddleback)
Dangerous
Spiders
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Mandibulate Arthropod Characters:
• Mouthparts are mandibles - normally
chewing sideways
• One or two pairs of antennae
• Various body region arrangements -
cephalothorax & abdomen / head &
trunk / head, thorax & abdomen
• Variable leg numbers
• Insects, crustaceans & myriapods
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Diplopod (Millipede)
Two pair of legs per visible segment, attached
under body.
Symphyla (Symphyla)[garden centipede]
No fangs, no eyes, legs attached to side of body.
[one pair of antennae, head & trunk regions, trunk with many pairs of legs]
Myriapods (3-closely related classes)
Pair of fangs under head, one pair legs per visible
segment - attached to side of body.
Chilopod (Centipede)
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Millipede (Diplopoda)
Centipede (Chilopoda)
Garden centipede (Symphyla)
Myriapods (3-closely related classes)
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•Mostly marine, fresh water, a few terrestrial
•Two pair of antennae, five or more pairs of legs,
segmented abdominal appendages, head & trunk or
cephalothorax & abdomen body arrangement, have gills
• Isopoda - sowbugs or pillbugs
• Amphipoda - sand fleas, amphipods
• Cirripedia - barnicles
• Decapoda - crabs, lobster, shrimp
• several other minor orders
Classes of Crustacea
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Crayfish cephalothorax
(Decapoda)
Sowbug (Isopoda),
a terrestrial crustacean
Crustaceans
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Insects
Head Thorax Abdomen
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Acknowledgments
This presentation was adapted from
photographs and slides prepared by Dr.
David Shetlar of The Ohio State
University