Introduction to AP Human GeographyMovement
Movement
Movement of people = migration (Unit 2)Movement of ideas/culture = “diffusion” (Unit 3)
hearth = place or node of originationDiffusion = process by which a characteristic spreads from one
place or society (node or hearth) à another.
What sorts of things “diffuse?”• Myths + ideas!• People / cultural + social institutions• Wars / conflict• Technology• Gossip • Disease • Fashion/ art/ architecture
Main Types of Diffusion:
• Relocation diffusion: through physical movement/migration. People migrate, take their culture with them. (idea is physically carried from A è B, sometimes over big barriers)
• Expansion diffusion: spread without physical relocation from one place to more places in a snowballing process as more people/area is exposed. In process, it remains + often strengthens in the origin area.• Contagious, Hierarchical , Stimulus
Expansion:
•Contagious Diffusion–A form of expansion diffusion in which
nearly all adjacent individuals + places are affected.
–Begins @ point of origin + then moves quickly outward to nearby locations;spreads throughout the population like a flu/disease.
–Examples?: –gossip, movement of news, social
media, youtube- going “viral,” disease
Expansion: Hierarchical Diffusion
• spread of an idea/innovation through nodes of power or influence or authority• from 1st order persons or nodes to other persons or nodes • from more influential people to progressively less influential
people• from larger nodes to progressively smaller nodes
Hierarchical - Devil Wear’s Prada:
Devil Wear’s Prada Example:
What was diffusing in this video? How did it diffuse?
• Hierarchical Diffusion– The spread of a feature or trend
from one key person or node of authority or power (1st order location) + then down to other persons or places.
When did it become contagious?
Paris, NYC, LA
Major fashion houses; designers
Editors/writers of magazines
Models
Celebrities
Instagram followers; subscribers to magazines
Shoppers in retail stores + malls (this is when it has become contagious)
Sales rack! (this is when it has become contagious)
Facebook: Hierarchical à Contagious
Expansion – Stimulus Diffusion• idea/innovation is adopted in a modified form• A general or underlying principle diffuses +
stimulates creation of new products/ideas
McDonalds - U.S.A & India – vegetarian options (also _____________)
Movement (of ideas/culture = “diffusion”)hearth = place of origination
1) Relocation diffusion spread thru migration2) Expansion diffusion = spread without physical relocation, snow ball effect as more people/area exposed
a) Contagious• fast, widespread to those in contact or adjacent (like disease)
b) Hierarchical • spread through nodes of power or influence or authority
c) Stimulus • underlying principles/idea spread but not end product
Movement (of ideas/culture = “diffusion”)• Barriers to diffusion
• physical and cultural barriers • distance
• “distance decay” (Tobler’s Law)
• Time-space compression • reduction of time it takes for
diffusion• especially quickened by technology
(adv. trans, telecomm., the internet)• Driving force behind globalization
Globalization
set of processes that are:- increasing interactions- deepening relationships- heightening
interdependence
without regard to country borders
set of outcomes that are:- unevenly distributed- varying across scales- differently manifested
throughout the world.
“Site and Situation”• site = what gives a location its distinctive character (land, labor
and capital) (combines absolute location w/place characteristics)• situation = how the “site” factors give this location importance
(what connections does it facilitate? what advantages does the site factor give?) (relative location and movement)
• London• Site:
• island • North Atlantic • Thames River = estuary
• Situation• protected from invasion • ideal for triangular trade
New York City “Site and Situation”Site
• island• large, natural, deep-
water harbor• Atlantic coast• mouth of Hudson River
Situation• ideal for shipping
• docks numerous and protected• connect to Europe
• triangular trade, • connects to the interior
• Erie Canal (1825)• before RRs• ship through Great Lakes• access to raw materials
• center of commerce and trade• overtakes Philly as largest port
• fresh water supply for huge pop.
New York City “Site and Situation”
Globalization Document Analysis• The prompt: “Has the world changed for the better
or worse as a result of globalization?”• Small Group Instructions:
1. IN NOTEBOOKS, answer ALL document analysis questions. DON’T WRITE IN PACKET!
2. After discussing questions, complete POSITIVES & NEGATIVES graphic organizer. CITE DOCS in parentheses (Doc 1)!
3. After weighing arguments on both sides, write a 1-2 sentence thesis statement summarizing your group’s argument on globalization. You may use my sentence starter, but you don’t have to.
Globalization Persuasive Paragraph• The prompt: “Has the world changed for the better or
worse as a result of globalization?”• Task:
• Write a 1 paragraph (1 pg. max) in response to the prompt above. A full paragraph is at least 7 sentences.
• Your persuasive paragraph should include:• Claim: Start paragraph with a 1 sentence thesis aka
claim. I want you to take a clear position.• Evidence: At least 3 pieces of document evidence
cited in parentheses (Doc 1). You may include outside evidence, but be sure to use info from 3 documents.
• Link: Explanation of how each piece of evidence supports your argument.