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Indicating Success in Public Child Welfare Child Outcomes, System Performance and the CFSR Process
Susan Smith and Lisa TuttleCasey Family Programs
July 29, 2011
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Monitoring the Vision:Casey’s Dashboard
• Goal: Every child deserves a safe, permanent home
• Vision: Reduce the children in the United States in foster care in half by the year 2020
• In 2005 there were ½ million children; moving to ¼ million by 2020
• Monitor: Key performance indicators at a national level
• Evaluate: Work and efforts at the state and county level
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Long term trends in entries & exits
Data notes: For years before 2000, data are averaged across a two-year period. Data for 1995 and before should not be compared to data from 1996 and beyond. Data on entries and exits not available for 1995-1997. Data from 1982-1989 retrieved from the American Public Welfare Association/Voluntary Cooperative Information System (VCIS). Data from 1990-1994 based on the VCIS and retrieved from the Children’s Bureau website. Data from 1995-1998 retrieved from CWLA/NDAS. Data from 1999-20010 based on AFCARS.
1982-83
1984-85
1986-87
1988-89
1990-91
1992-93
1994-95
1996-97
1998-99
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
In Care Entries Exits
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Trends In Out-of-Home Care:
Slides prepared by Data Advocacy, 7/25/11Data source: AFCARS
FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY100
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
In Care Entries Exits
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National Entry Rates, FY09 - improved overall entry rate
Slides prepared by Data Advocacy, 7/25/11Data source: AFCARS
WY
WV IA RI
AR KY CO AK HIM
TM
A VT TNW
A CA WI
Nat'l M
ICT ID M
S UTGA DE TX IL PR
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
3.4
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6
National Foster Care Trends
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
<1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Total Children In Care, by Age
FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09
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U.S. Foster Care Systemhighly simplified
CHILD INa bunch of
stuff happens
CHILD OUT
*adapted from Lyle, G. L., & Barker, M.A. (1998) Patterns & Spells: New approaches to conceptualizing children’s out of home placement experiences. Chicago: American Evaluation Association Annual Conference
But is the child safe? (Whether in foster care or at home)
And what is the child’s level of well-being?
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BackgroundChild and Family Services Reviews (CFSR)
• Goal: Improve the performance of state child welfare systems
• Timeline: 1994 Federal government mandate to review and evaluate state foster care and adoption services
• Children’s Bureau of the Administration on Children and Families (ACF) administers the process
• Purpose of CFSRs: To ensure states are in “substantial conformity” with Titles IV-B and IV-E Federal Funding, within the domains of safety, permanence, and well-being.
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Outcome Measures:What we have What we need
Permanency
• C1.1• C1.2• C1.3• C1.4
Adoption
• C2.1• C2.2• C2.3• C2.4• C2.5
Long-Stayers
• C3.1• C3.2• C3.3
Placement Stability
• C4.1• C4.2• C4.3
valid
reliable
comprehensible
= a good measure
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Outcome Measures
Data should be gathered and analyzed in a manner that facilitates understanding of how one area of practice affects another
Acknowledgement to Emily Putnam-Hornstein and Barbara Needell, University of California, Berkeley, for the slide content.
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Proposed Measures – outcome measures required
Maltreatment Recurrence
Entry to Care
Abuse
in Care
Placement Stability
Length
of Stay
Exits to Permanency
Maintenance of Permanence
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Additional Measures –
optionalIGNORE THIS
LEVEL
Reportingrate
Responserate
investigation rate
case opening rate
victimization rate
re-reporting rate
in-home services
exits from in-home services
re-reports post in-home
services
adoption disruption
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Proposed Measures
process measures - required
Worker-ChildVisits
Timeliness ofInvestigations
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Proposed Measures
well-being measures
IGNORE THIS LEVEL
medical evaluation
dental evaluation
mental health screening
school enrollment
status at / after emancipation
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Data-sharing / interoperability [near-term goal]
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Outcome Measures….
birth
home visiting
family supports
referral entry
family preservation
Measures of primary and secondary prevention services?
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Data-sharing / Interoperability
• Longer-term vision
social services data concerning vulnerable children and families
current
fully linked and integrated (real-time) administrative
data systems for the coordinated delivery and
evaluation of services
future
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National Dashboard
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Efforts, Approaches, Outcomes
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State Comparisons
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State Detail in National View
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State and County Level
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Interactive Dashboard by State
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Casey Direct Service Targets
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Office numbers and targets
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Conclusions• Child welfare needs to be considered an integrated
system of child safety and well-being, not a foster care program
• The Federal role is to assure accountability and compliance, which includes child safety
• Innovations in states and agencies lead the way in integrating and translating data into information about what works
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QUESTIONS?