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Overview of Abaqus
Lecture 1
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L1.2
Introduction to Abaqus
Overview
SIMULIA
What is Abaqus FEA?
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
Starting Abaqus/CAE
Overview of Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit
Abaqus Conventions
Documentation
Abaqus Environment Settings
Abaqus Fetch Utility
Abaqus/CAE Checklist
Working with the Model Tree
Workshop 1: Linear Static Analysis of a Cantilever Beam
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SIMULIA
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L1.4
Introduction to Abaqus
SIMULIA
SIMULIA is the Dassault Systmes brand that delivers a scalable
portfolio of Realistic Simulation solutions including
The Abaqus product suite for Unified FEA
Multiphysics solutions for insight into challenging engineering problems
Lifecycle management solutions for managing simulation data,
processes, and intellectual property Headquartered in Providence, RI, USA
R&D centers in Providence and in Velizy, France
Global network of regional offices and distributors
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L1.5
Introduction to Abaqus
SIMULIA
SIMULIA Headquarters:Providence, Rhode Island
Offices:
USA: California Indiana Michigan
Ohio Rhode Island Texas
Overseas: Australia Austria China
Finland France Germany (2)
India Italy Japan (2)
Korea Netherlands Sweden
UK (2)
Representatives:
Overseas: Argentina Brazil Czech Republic
Malaysia New Zealand Poland
Russia Singapore South Africa
Spain Taiwan Turkey
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What is Abaqus FEA?
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L1.7
Introduction to Abaqus
What is Abaqus FEA?
Suite of finite element analysis modules
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L1.8
Introduction to Abaqus
What is Abaqus FEA?
The structural analysis solver modules, Abaqus/Standard and
Abaqus/Explicit, are complementary and integrated analysis tools.*
Abaqus/Standard is a general-purpose finite element module. It provides
a large number of capabilities for analyzing many different types of
problems, including many nonstructural applications.
Abaqus/Explicit is an explicit dynamics finite element module.
Abaqus/CAE incorporates the analysis modules into a Complete
AbaqusEnvironment for modeling, managing, and monitoring Abaqus
analyses and visualizing results.
* Abaqus/CFD is a computational fluid dynamics analysis product;
it is not discussed in this course.
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Overview of Abaqus/CAE
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L1.10
Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
Abaqus/CAE main user interface
Integrates modeling,
analysis, jobmanagement, and
results evaluation
seamlessly.
Provides the most
complete interfacewith the Abaqus solver
programs available.
Uses neutral database
files that are machine
independent.
Can be customized to
create application-
specific systems.
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L1.11
Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
Modern graphical user interface
(GUI) of menus, icons, anddialog boxes
Menus provide access to
all capabilities.
Icons accelerate access to
frequently used features.
Dialog boxes allow you to
input alphanumeric
information and to select
various options.
Visualization toolbox icons
Mechanical property
submenu
Elastic material form
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L1.12
Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
Consistent environment
Functionality is presented in
modules.
Each module contains a
logical subset of the overall
functionality.
Once you understand the
presentation of one module,
you can easily understand
the presentation of the other
modules.
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L1.13
Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
Create the
part geometry(and regions for
sections, if
necessary)
Position parts for
initial configuration.
Split
assembly into
meshable
regions and
mesh
Define analysis steps
and output requests
Define materials
Define additionalpart regions
Define and
assign sections
to parts or
regions
Define contact and
other interactions
on regions or
named sets, and
assign them to
steps in the
analysis history
Apply loads,
BCs, and ICs to
regions or
named sets; and
assign them to
steps in the
analysis history
Submit, manage,
and monitor
analysis jobs
Examine results
Part Assembly
Step Load
Mesh Visualization
Property
Interaction
Job
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L1.14
Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
Model Tree and the Results Tree
The Model Tree provides you with a
graphical overview of your model
and the objects that it contains.
The Results Tree is used to display
analysis results from output
databases as well as session-specific data such asXYplots.
Both trees provide shortcuts to
much of the functionality of the main
menu bar, the module toolboxes,
and the various managers. Some features of the Model and
Results trees are discussed next.
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
Tree features
Navigation tool
Context sensitive RMB actions
edit/create/suppress/query
Can effectively build most of your
model from the tree
Model query/auditing
E.g., shows number of sections, materials,
constraints currently defined
Shows status of certain features/items
(invalid part, suppressed feature)
Comprehensive view of Abaqus model data Containers expand to show objects and
their hierarchy
Step dependent objects (e.g., BCs) appear
in the STEP and LOAD containers
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L1.16
Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
Tool tips
Float the mouse over a container oritem
Pruning the tree
You can set a certain container as thenew root to reduce clutter
Keyboard shortcuts
Hide/show
Expand/collapse
Search
Delete items Switch context
Filtering
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
cut
solid extrusion
fillet
Part with several
annotated features
Models are feature-based and
parametric
A feature is a meaningful piece of the
design. Models are constructed from
numerous features; for example:
Geometric features
Solid extrusion, wire, cut, fillet,etc.
Assembly features
Wheel must be concentric with
the axle, the blank lies exactly in
contact with the rigid die, etc.
Mesh features
Partition the mesh into different
regions for different meshing
techniques, seed different edges
with different mesh densities, etc.
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L1.18
Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
A parameter is a modifiable
quantity that provides additionalinformation for a feature; forexample:
Solid extrusion parameters
Sketch of extrusion cross-section, depth of extrusion.
Cut
Sketch of cut cross-section,depth of cut.
Fillet parameter
Fillet radius.
Solid extrusion parameters
sketch ofextrusioncross-section
extrusiondepth
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
parent:solid extrusion
child:cut
child:fillet
Example of Parent-Child
Relationships among Features
Features often have parent-child
relationships, such that theexistence of the child depends
on the existence of the parent;
for example:
Delete the solid extrusion,
and the hole and filletcannot exist.
Delete the part, and the
mesh cannot exist.
Abaqus/CAE always asks to
make sure that you want todelete the parent and its child
features.
cutsolid extrusion
fillet
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
Features can be modified by editing
their parameters.
Aspects of the model can be
regenerated.
Parametric studies are easy and
natural.
Features can also be deleted or
temporarily suppressed with the
option to resume them later.
If a parent feature is deleted or
suppressed, all its child features
are also deleted or suppressed.
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L1.21
Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
Interoperability
Abaqus/CAE is based on the concepts of parts and assemblies, which
are common to many CAD systems.
Parts can be created within Abaqus/CAE.
Geometry can be imported from other packages and exported to other
packages.
Existing Abaqus meshes can be imported for further processing.
Individual models can be copied between databases.
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
Dockable toolbars
Allow you to modify the layout and appearance of toolbars
Individual toolbars can be moved by dragging the toolbar grip
Toolbars can be docked at any of four docking regions located around
the main window
Floating toolbars can belocated anywhere
Orientation of floating
toolbars can be
controlled
Dock Sites
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L1.23
Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
Custom toolbars
Include shortcuts to functions not in
standard toolbars or toolboxes
Can collect commonly used functions
To add a function to a custom
toolbar:
Tools Customize
Select the function in the
Customizedialog box
Drag it onto the custom toolbar.
Assign an icon to represent thetoolbar
Can be moved, docked, floated, or
hidden in the same way as standard
toolbars
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L1.24
Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
Custom keyboard shortcuts
Available for most functions.
E.g., the key combination
[Shift] + [Ctrl] + Pmay be assigned
to Create Partdialog box
Default keyboard shortcuts for
common functions (save, print, etc.)can also be reassigned.
Keyboard shortcuts must use one
of the following keys or key
combinations:
Any function key except F1 [Alt] + [Shift] + key
[Ctrl] + key. You can also add
[Alt]or [Shift]to modify any
keyboard shortcut that includes
the [Ctrl]key.
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L1.25
Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
View manipulation
Toolbar to control view (pan, zoom,
rotate, etc.).
Alternatively, can use a combination
of keyboard and mouse actions:
Rotate: [Ctrl]+[Alt]+MB1.
Pan: [Ctrl]+[Alt]+MB2.
Zoom: [Ctrl]+[Alt]+MB3.
You can reconfigure these
combinations to mimic the view
manipulation interfaces used byother common CAD applications
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
3D compass
View manipulation tool
Provides a quick and convenient way
to change model view
Appears by default in each viewport;
can be turned off if necessary
Uses three axes to indicate current modelorientation
Can be clicked, dragged and oriented;
by clicking different areas, specialized view
manipulations can be performed:
Rotate freely about the model's center of
rotation.
Rotate about a fixed axis.
Pan camera along a fixed axis.
Pan camera within a fixed plane.
Apply a predefined view.
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L1.27
Introduction to Abaqus
Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
Model database(.cae)
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
What is a model database file (extension .cae)?
Contains all the information for any number of models.
Typically contains one model or several related models.
Only one model database can be opened in Abaqus/CAE at a time.
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Introduction to Abaqus
Model 1
partsmaterial properties
1 assembly
1 analysis history
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
What is a model?
Contains all the necessary information for an analysis.
Contains any number of parts and their associated properties.
Is independent of other models in the model database.
Objects such as parts and materials can be copied between
different models in the same database. Contains a single assembly of part instances, including the associated
contact interactions, loads and boundary conditions, mesh, and analysis
history.
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
Models can be imported into one
database from another
Model data from the imported
database is copied into the current
database.
E.g., parts, sections, assemblies,
materials, loads, BCs, etc.
Analysis job definitions and custom
data are not copied
User A User B Master
Model
=+
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
What is Python?
Command language used by Abaqus/CAE.
Uses range from command scripting to
creating customized applications.
Powerful and easy-to-use public domain,
object-oriented programming language.
There are several books available on Python
programming.
Additional learning materials are availableonline atwww.python.org.
It is not necessary to learn Pythonprogramming to use Abaqus/CAE.
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/CAE
Commands issued during an Abaqus/CAE session are saved in
journaling files containing Python scripts.
Replay (.rpy) file All commands executed during a session,
including any mistakes, are saved in this
file.
Journal (.jnl) file All commands necessary to recreate the
most currently saved model database(.cae) are saved in this file.
Recover (.rec) file All commands necessary to recreate the
model database (.cae) since it was most
recently saved are saved in this file.
Journaling files can be modified in any way appropriate for the Python
language.
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Starting Abaqus/CAE
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L1.33
Introduction to Abaqus
Starting Abaqus/CAE
Three options available:
Command line
abaqus cae = filename.cae
Opens Abaqus/CAE in current directory
Start menu (Windows)
Opens Abaqus/CAE in startup
directory (set during installation)
Working directory can be changed(see next slide)
Double-click .caeor .odbfile in Windows folder
Opens Abaqus/CAE in current directory
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Introduction to Abaqus
Starting Abaqus/CAE
Selecting a working directory
Can select a working directory
Default is startup directory
Subsequent file operations will use this directory for reading/writing
Job files will be written to the new working directory
This makes it easier to manage job files
E.g., keep all job files in a per-job directory
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Overview of Abaqus/Standard and
Abaqus/Explicit
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit
Abaqus/Standard
General-purpose finite element code.
Extensive and independent libraries:
Elements
Materials
Analysis procedures
Robust contact capability
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit
Linear dynamics:
Natural frequency extraction
Modal superposition
Harmonic loading
Response spectrum analysis
Random loading
Linear/Nonlinear dynamics:
Transient dynamics
Implicit or explicit integration
Harmonic
excitation of a tire
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit
Other analysis types available in
Abaqus/Standard:
Heat transfer
Acoustics
Mass diffusion
Steady-state transport
traction
braking
free rollingSteady-state rolling of
a tire on a drum
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit
Multiphysics with Abaqus/Standard:
Thermal-mechanical analysis
Structural-acoustic analysis
Thermal-electrical (Joule heating)
analysis
Linear piezoelectric analysis Fully or partially saturated
pore fluid flow-deformation
Fluid-structure interaction
Thermal stresses in an exhaust manifold
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit
Abaqus/Explicit
General-purpose finite element code for explicit dynamics
Designed for optimal computational performance with large models
running many (10,000 to 100,000+) time increments
Extensive element and material libraries
Robust contact capability
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit
Abaqus/Explicit (contd)
Simulates high speed dynamic
events such as drop tests.
Explicit algorithm for updating
the mechanical response.
Drop test of a cell phone
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit
Abaqus/Explicit (contd)
Also a powerful tool for quasi-
static metal forming simulations.
Annealing is available for
multistep forming simulations
Rolling of a symmetric I-section
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit
Multiphysics with Abaqus/Explicit
Thermal-mechanical analysis
Fully coupled: Explicit
algorithms for both the
mechanical and thermal
responses
Can include adiabatic heating
effects
Structural-acoustic analysis
Fluid-structure interaction
Two-stage forging, using ALE
contours of temperature
adiabatic
fully coupled temperature-displacement
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Introduction to Abaqus
Special features of
Abaqus/Explicit: ALE
Adaptive meshing using ALE
techniques allows the robust
solution of highly nonlinear
problems.
Mesh adaptivity is based on
solution variables as well as
minimum element distortion.
Elements concentrate in areas
where they are needed.
Adaptation is based on boundary
curvature.
Bulk metal forming
High speed impact
Overview of Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit
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Introduction to Abaqus
Overview of Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit
Special features of Abaqus/Explicit: Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL)
Define a domain in which material can flow for an Eulerian analysis
Flow problems
Structural problems with extreme deformation
Eulerian mesh
rod material
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Introduction to Abaqus
Comparing Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit
Abaqus/Explicit
A general-purpose finite element
program for explicit dynamics.
Solution procedure does not
require iteration. Solves highly discontinuous high-
speed dynamic problems efficiently.
Coupled-field analyses include:
Thermal-mechanical
Structural-acoustic
FSI
Abaqus/Standard
A general-purpose finite element
program.
Nonlinear problems require
iterations. Can solve for true static
equilibrium in structural
simulations.
Provides a large number of
capabilities for analyzing manydifferent types of problems.
Nonstructural applications.
Coupled or uncoupled
response.
Overview of Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit
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Abaqus Conventions
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Introduction to Abaqus
Abaqus Conventions
Units
Abaqus uses no inherent set of units.
It is the users responsibility to use consistent units.
Example:
N, kg, m, s
or
N, 103 kg, mm, s
etc.
Common systems of consistent units
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Introduction to Abaqus
Abaqus Conventions
Example: Properties of mild steel at room temperature
Quantity U.S. units SI units
Conductivity 28.9 Btu/ft hr F 50 W/m C
2.4 Btu/in hr F
Density
15.13 slug/ft3
(lbf s2
/ft4
)
7800 kg/m3
0.730 103lbf s2/in4
0.282 lbm/in3
Elastic modulus 30 106psi 207 109Pa
Specific heat 0.11 Btu/lbm F 460 J/kg C
Yield stress
30 103psi
207 106Pa
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Introduction to Abaqus
Abaqus Conventions
Time measures
Abaqus keeps track of both total timein an analysis and step timefor
each analysis step.
Time is physically meaningful for some analysis procedures, such as
transient dynamics.
Time is not physically meaningful for some procedures. In rate-
independent, static procedures time is just a convenient, monotonicallyincreasing measure for incrementing loads.
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Introduction to Abaqus
Abaqus Conventions
local rectangular
coordinate system
with YSYMM
boundary conditions
Boundary conditions on a skew edge
Coordinate systems
For boundary conditions and
point loads, the default
coordinate system is the
rectangular Cartesian system.
Alternative local
rectangular, cylindrical,and spherical systems can
be defined.
These local directions do
notrotate with the
material in large-
displacement analyses.
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Introduction to Abaqus
Abaqus Conventions
For material directions(i.e., directions
associated with an elements material orintegration points) the default coordinate
system depends on the element type:
Solid elements use global
rectangular Cartesian system.
Shell and membrane elements usea projection of the global Cartesian
system onto the surface.
Default material directions for shell and
membrane elements
Default material directions for solid elements
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Introduction to Abaqus
Abaqus Conventions
Alternative rectangular,
cylindrical, and sphericalcoordinate systems may be
defined.
Affects input: anisotropic
material directions.
Affects output: stress/strainoutput directions.
Local material directions
rotatewith the material in
large-displacement
analyses.
2
1
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Introduction to Abaqus
Abaqus Conventions
Degrees of freedom
Primary solution variables at the nodes.
Available nodal degrees of freedom depend on the element type.
Each degree of freedom is labeled with a number: 1=x-displacement,
2=y-displacement, 11=temperature, etc.
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Documentation
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Introduction to Abaqus
Documentation
Primary reference materials
All documentation is available in HTML and PDFformat
Abaqus Analysis Users Manual
Abaqus/CAE Users Manual
Abaqus Example Problems Manual Abaqus Benchmarks Manual
Abaqus Verification Manual
Abaqus Keywords Reference Manual
Abaqus User Subroutines Reference Manual
Abaqus Theory Manual
The documentation is available through the Help
menu on the main menu bar of Abaqus/CAE.
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Introduction to Abaqus
Documentation
Additional reference materials
Abaqus Installation and Licensing Guide(print version available)
Installation instructions
Abaqus Release Notes
Explains changes since previous release
Advanced lecture notes on various topics(print only)
Tutorials
Getting Started with Abaqus: Interactive Edition
Getting Started with Abaqus: Keywords Edition
Programming Scripting and GUI Toolkit manuals
SIMULIA home page
www.simulia.com
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Introduction to Abaqus
Documentation
HTML documentation
The documentation for Abaqus is organized into a collection, withmanuals grouped by function.
Viewed through a web browser.
Can search entire collection or individual manuals
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Introduction to Abaqus
Searching the documentation
Enter one or more search terms in the search field
Documentation
Terms in the search field:
Appear in any order
May or may not be adjacent
Appear within the proximity criterion
(default is a single section)
The table of contents
entry is highlighted
The text frame displays the
corresponding section
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Introduction to Abaqus
Searching the documentation (contd)
Use quotes to search for exact strings
Documentation
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Introduction to Abaqus
Documentation
Advanced search
Advanced search allows you to control the proximity criterion
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Introduction to Abaqus
Documentation
Advanced search (contd)
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Abaqus Environment Settings
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Introduction to Abaqus
Abaqus Environment Settings
The Abaqus environment settings allow you to control various aspects
of an Abaqus jobs execution. For example, setting a directory to be used for scratch files, changing
the default memory settings, etc.
Environment settings hierarchy
Abaqus environment settings are processed in the following order:
The host-level environment settings in the sitedirectory in theabaqusaccount directory. These settings are applied to all Abaqusjobs run on the designated computer.
The user-level environment settings in the home directory. Thesesettings are applied to all Abaqus jobs run in your account.
The job-level environment settings in the current working directory.
These settings are applied to only the designated Abaqus job.
The host-level environment settings are included in the release.
You can create an environment file abaqus_v6.envin your homedirectory and/or current directory.
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Introduction to Abaqus
Abaqus Environment Settings
Note:The value of the SCRATCH parameter is platform specific.
On UNIX platforms the default value is the value of the $TMPDIRenvironment variable or /tmpif this variable is not defined. For
example,
scratch="/tmp"
On Windows platforms the default value is the value of the %TEMP%
environment variable or \TEMPif this variable is not defined. Forexample,
scratch="c:\\temp"
For information on environment file settings refer to:
Using the Abaqus environment settings, Section 3.3.1 of the Abaqus
Analysis User's Manual.
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Abaqus Fetch Utility
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Introduction to Abaqus
Abaqus Fetch Utility
The Abaqus fetch utility allows you to extract sample Abaqus files that
are provided with each release. Files that may be extracted include input files, journal files, model
databases, etc. corresponding to the Abaqus Example, Benchmark, andVerification problems.
The utility may also be used to extract scripts that create completemodels corresponding to each workshop of this course.
The answer script name is noted at the end of each workshop.
To use the fetch utility enter the following command at the operatingsystem prompt:
abaqusfetch job=filename
whereabaqusis the command used to run Abaqus on your system.
For example, Abaqus release 6.10-1 it might be aliased to abq6101.
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Abaqus/CAE Checklist
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Introduction to Abaqus
Abaqus/CAE Checklist
Must Have Parts At least oneMust Have Materials At least one
Must Have Sections At least one
Must Have Section Assignments Made at the part level (container)
Must Have Assembly (Instances) At least one part
Must Have Steps (after Initial) Initial created for you
Usually Need BCs (Boundary Conditions) Can be in Initial Step
Usually Need Loads In Steps after the Initial
Must Have Mesh Can be done on part or assembly
Must Have Jobs To actually run the analysis
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Introduction to Abaqus
Working with the Model Tree
Example: The following figure shows a suggested
order to create the cantilever beam model .(Note:This order is not unique.)
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Introduction to Abaqus
Working with the Model Tree
Alternatively, follow the order of modules in the module menu to create
the model.
Create the
part geometry
Position the part for
initial configuration.
Mesh the part
Define analysis steps
and output requests
Define materials
Define and assign sections
to parts or regions
Not applicable for this
example
Apply loads and
BCs to regions
or named sets;
and assign them
to steps in the
analysis history
Submit, manage, and
monitor analysis jobs
Examine
results
Step Load
Visualization
Interaction
Job
Part AssemblyProperty
Mesh
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Workshop 1: Linear Static Analysis of
a Cantilever Beam
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Workshop tasks
Follow detailed instructions to create a simple cantilever beam modelusing the Abaqus/CAE modules.
Submit a job for analysis.
View the analysis results.
Workshop 1: Linear Static Analysis of a Cantilever Beam