Green engineering and green chemistry
Biotechnology Alternatives
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Replacement
Different crops (corn, sugar cane, wheat etc.) are used for the production of ethanol through fermentation
Organic waste is used for the production of methane, biogas, through fermentation
Wood can be used for the production of methanol
Extraction of metals is combined with environmental impacts. The alternative is to use recycled metals.
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Hydrogen and Fuel Cells vs Fossil Fuels and Combustion
Fossil oil products are totally dominating as fuel, that is energy carrier, for many purposes especially transport.
Alternatives now on the market include ethanol and biogas.
In the long term hydrogen appears to be an even more interesting alternative energy carrier, as it may be used in fuel cells.
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Alternatives to Heavy Metals
Organic lead (tetraethyl lead, PbEt4) as anti-knocking agents in petrol was replaced with other compounds.
Replacement of lead with alloys between tin and one or more other metals in soldering of metals.
Replacement of copper wires with optical fibers in various electric equipments.
Mercury has also been replaced in a series of other products. Thus amalgamates for repair of teeth, can today be replaced with either plastics or ceramics.
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Biotechnology Biotechnical alternatives to traditional
chemical processes are being developed and more and more introduced in large scale production processes.
Micro-organisms are being used in industrial production to produce many important chemicals, antibiotics, organic compounds and pharmaceuticals.
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Components of Biotechnology
Cultivation of biological cells for technical purposes
Genetic change of cells, also referred to as genetic engineering
Use of isolated bio-molecules, especially enzymes, for technical purposes
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Enzymes for Leather Tanning
The chemicals mainly responsible for pollution in the pre-tanning are lime, sodium sulfide, caustic soda as well as salt and degreasing solvents.
By introducing enzymatic treatment of the hides in the pre-tanning stages substantial reduction of hazardous pollutants is achieved.
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Mission: enhance and expand efforts to identify and address major
knowledge gaps in green growth theory and practice help countries design and implement green growth policy
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Molecular Design for Social and Economic Needs
Health Sustainability Converging Technologies
- Biopharmaceutical properties- Drug delivery- Drug discovery- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering- Biosensors- Computational modeling
- New catalysts- Enzymatic reactions- Hydrogen generation and storage- Renewable energy sources- Processes with low environmental risk
- Nanostructures, nanomaterials- Photonics, optoelectronics- Polymer composites- Materials technologies- Surface technologies- Computational modelling- Sensors
Pharmaceuticals Food Security Transport Industrial Processes Next Manufacturing04/20/23 Green Chemistry
Biotechnology Alternatives10
PROJECTS/PLATFORMS
1. New molecules with specific biochemical properties
2. Polymer systems for functional and structural properties
3. Novel products and processes for sustainable chemistry
4. Nano-structured systems with electronic properties
5. Molecular based design and modification of coatings
6. Enabling technologies for drug discovery
7. Predictive modeling of functionalities 04/20/23 Green Chemistry
Biotechnology Alternatives11
Progetto PM-P03 Progetto PM-P03 ““Innovative products Innovative products and processes for and processes for sustainable sustainable chemistry“chemistry“
Reuse and Reuse and Recycle of waste Recycle of waste materialsmaterials
Valorization Valorization and abatement and abatement of pollutantsof pollutants
Process Process optimizationoptimization
Hydrogen Hydrogen technologytechnology
Alternative fuelsAlternative fuels
Sustainable Sustainable production production of energyof energy
Biorefinery Biorefinery
PhotovoltaicPhotovoltaic Conversion of Conversion of renewablerenewablefeedstockfeedstock
Design and development, of new synthetic processes
Improve the existing(catalytic) processes
The project strategyThe project strategy
SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY
EnergyEnergy
Efficiency Efficiency and selectivityand selectivity
Valorization of Valorization of renewablerenewableresourcesresources
ST
RA
TE
GIC
S
TR
AT
EG
IC
OB
JEC
TIV
ES
OB
JEC
TIV
ES
Environmental Environmental issuesissues
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ValorizationValorization to provide for the maintaining of the value or price of (a commercial commodity) by a government's purchasing the
Abatement Abatement suppression or termination
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HYDROLABHYDROLAB
HH22 PHOTOBIOLOGICAL PHOTOBIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION FROM NON PRODUCTION FROM NON
SULFUREUS SULFUREUS RED BACTERIA RED BACTERIA FROM VEGETAL WASTES FROM VEGETAL WASTES
AND SOLAR ENERGYAND SOLAR ENERGY
Vegetal wastes compost
Organic acids
HH22
Lactobacteria
Red bacteria
Solar energy
HighlightsHighlights
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Enhanced global warmingDepletion of resources (not only fuels!)Food shortagesShortages of potable waterPopulation growth - aging Waste & pollution
SOCIETAL CHALLANGES
FOOD +70% by 2050
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In 2009, European Member States and the European Commission identified Key
Enabling Technologies (KETs) for their potential impact in strengthening Europe's
industrial and innovation capacity.Six KETs
Nanotechnology Micro and nanoelectronics Advanced materials Photonics Industrial biotechnology Advanced manufacturing systems
KEY ENANBLIG TECHNOLOGY
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• Whilst European R&D is generally strong in new KET technologies, the HLG has observed that the transition from ideas arising from basic research to competitive
• KETs production is the weakest link in European KET enabled value chains
• The gap between basic knowledge generation and the subsequent commercialization of this knowledge in marketable products, has been commonly identified across the KETs and is known in broad terms as the "valley of death" issue.
THE “VALLEY OF DEATH”
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• This “Valley of Death” has been identified in many competitor countries, including the USA, China and Taiwan
• All have established coordinated programmes in strategically important areas that cover the full innovation chain addressing basic and applied research, demonstrators, standardization measures, deployment and market access, all at the same time and, significantly, in a logical joined-up manner.
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO KETS FOR FUTURECOMPETITIVENESS: THREE PILLAR BRIDGE MODEL TO PASS ACROSS THE "VALLEY OF DEATH "
The technological research pillar based on technological facilities supported by research technology organisation;
The product development pillar based on pilot lines and demonstrator supported by industrial consortia
The competitive manufacturing pillar based on globally competitive manufacturing facilities supported by anchor companies.
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
“the application of science and technology to living organisms, as well as parts, products and models thereof, to alter living or non-living materials for the production of knowledge, goods and services.”
Main biotechnology techniques :
DNA/RNA.
Proteins and other molecules
Cell and tissue culture and engineering.
Process biotechnology techniques.
Gene and RNA vectors
Bioinformatics
Nanobiotechnology
Emerging Trend
Biological Intermediates substituting petrochemical building blocks
Synthetic biology
very important step forward, since it allows designing chemicals that would not occur by natural pathways.
to obtain “unnatural” products by modifying bacteria (i.e. Escherichia coli) or modifying yeasts opens a wide new field for the production of tailor made chemicals for very different purposes.
Advanced research synthetic biology,
- At present the genetic modification of bacteria allows to obtain for example tailor recombinant polymers (protein, polysaccharides ect.) or foreseen applications as elimination of toxic residues ect.
………still limitation in process sustainability
- Sources- Energy balance in different processing steps- Environmental impact in the processing steps (chemicals, etc)- Economic balance- Product stability- Interfaces- Regulation- Ethical IssueTo overcome the limitation of actual process sustainability