Download - Gl13 m1-presentation
MODULE 1
CONCEPTS
Computing Essentials
What Is a Computer System
and How Does It Work?
How Do Operating Systems Software
and Applications Software Differ?
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CONCEPTS© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 2
CONCEPTS
Concepts
What is a computer system?
Computer system hardware
The motherboard
A computer network
Operating systems software
Applications software
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CONCEPTS
What Is a Computer System?
A computer system is made up of a central
processing unit (CPU) and hardware
The hardware and software work together to
turn data into information through a process
called the information processing cycle
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CONCEPTS
What Is a Computer System?...continued
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All computing devices use a basic information
processing cycle, which follows these steps:
1. The user enters data using an input device such
as a keyboard or touch screen
2. The CPU processes the data into information and
stores it in the internal memory
3. Information is sent to the computer’s screen or
another output device such as a printer
4. Information is stored on a storage medium such
as a flash drive, a hard disk, or an online cloud
server
CONCEPTS
Computer System Hardware
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CONCEPTS
Computer System Hardware...continued
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Input Devices
Use hardware items to enter commands and
data into the computer
Processing Component
Performs the mathematical operations and
coordinates the functions of the computer
system
– typically a microprocessor
– located on the motherboard, the main circuit board of
the computer
CONCEPTS
Computer System Hardware ...continued
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Output Devices
Convert information from the computer into a
usable form such as visual, audio, or digital
Storage Devices
For saving data to use again
Include the cloud, which has become a popular
option
– limited quantities are offered for free
– allows users to access data from any computing
device with an Internet connection
CONCEPTS
The Motherboard
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CONCEPTS
The Motherboard...continued
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A thin sheet of fiberglass or other material with
electrical pathways that connect these key
components of the information processing
cycle:
– microprocessor/CPU
– memory
– expansion slots
CONCEPTS
The Motherboard ...continued
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Microprocessor
The CPU is a microprocessor or processor located
on the motherboard
Memory
Permanent memory, called read-only memory, or
ROM, contains start-up instructions and other
permanent instructions
Temporary memory, called random access memory,
or RAM, holds data while your computer is on
Expansion Slots
You can add expansion cards to add capabilities
CONCEPTS
A Computer Network
A network allows the linked computers to share
files, software, and resources
There are two key types of networks:
– Local area networks (LANs) connect nearby
computers within a home or business
– Wide area networks (WANs) connect distant
computers, such as those among a company’s branch
offices around the country
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CONCEPTS
A Computer Network...continued
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CONCEPTS
A Computer Network...continued
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Individual Computing Devices
Can be connected to each other and to the Internet via a
network
Modem
Sends and receives data to or from a transmission source
Network Adapter
Enables the computer to connect to a network
Wireless Access Point
Relay data among devices on a network
Bluetooth
Used to communicate short distances without wires
CONCEPTS
Operating Systems Software
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CONCEPTS
Operating Systems Software...continued
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When you turn on the computer
– first the operating system (OS) performs a power-on
self-test (POST) to check that the hardware is working
properly
– then the computer loads the OS into memory
CONCEPTS
Operating Systems Software...continued
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The OS performs several key functions such as:
– it manages the operations of the CPU and the
computer’s hardware devices
– it provides a user interface that allows a person to
interact with the computer
– it supports operations initiated from within application
programs
CONCEPTS
Applications Software
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CONCEPTS
Applications Software...continued
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Applications software is the group of programs
you use to get your computer-based projects
done
– spreadsheets
– word processors
– presentation software
– database software
CONCEPTS
Applications Software...continued
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Some applications are designed to run on a particular
computing device
Other applications are designed to run on a specific
operating system
There are also an endless amount of small applications,
or apps, available for a variety of computing devices