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Genetics
Life ScienceMr. P
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Remember
• This can be one of the most difficult topics we cover because it is almost all new to you.
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• You are meeting someone at an airport and you have never met them before. How would you describe yourself so that they know it is you?
• Think about it
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• You are meeting someone at an airport and you have never met them before. How would you describe yourself so that they know it is you?
• Write down a few in the space in your notes…
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• You are meeting someone at an airport and you have never met them before. How would you describe yourself so that they know it is you?
• Discuss it with your elbow partner
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• You are meeting someone at an airport and you have never met them before. How would you describe yourself so that they know it is you?
• Share your responses
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Traits
• Traits are the physical characteristics of an organism
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What does that mean?
• A trait is different characteristics that a living thing has, such as hair color, eye color, and height.
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Traits
• There are many traits, which are all unique to individuals, but come from your parents
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Alleles
• The different forms of a trait are called Alleles.
• For example, hair color can be blond, brown, red, black.
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Alleles
• The inheritance of a trait in humans is determined by one or more alleles.
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Genes
• Alleles are based on your genes, which is what your DNA says you are going to look or, in some cases, be like.
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Genes
• Every person has their own genes and they come from both of their parents.
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Genes
• Identical twins have the same genes because they have the same DNA. This is why they look alike.
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Genotype
• Genotype is an organisms genetic make-up
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Phenotype
• Phenotype is the environments’ effect on the genetic make-up of an organism
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Genotype vs. Phenotype
• You may have the genotype for blue eyes and brown eyes, but your phenotype would be brown eyes.
• This is because you have the alleles for both blue and brown eyes, but you only show brown eyes
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Why?
• Brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes.
• Some alleles are dominant over others. If you have one allele for a dominant trait, that trait is shown.
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What if there is no dominant trait?
• If there is no dominant trait, then you have the recessive trait.
• Both alleles (one from each parent) must be recessive in order for that trait to be expressed.
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Example
• One parent has red hair. The other has brown hair. Brown hair is dominant over red hair. The child will most likely have what color hair?
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Example
• Correct! Brown hair!
• However, this is not always the case, because the parent with brown hair can have the allele for both brown hair and red hair.
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Confused??
• This can be really confusing which is why we are just learning the terms this week. We will start practicing how to do this next week.
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Twin Studies
• Cloze reading-when I pause, you are going to say the next word. We will stop every now and then for you to read it to your self and to ask some questions.
• http://www.sciencenewsforkids.com/articles/20081210/Feature1.asp