Download - Genetic modified-crops-1228274479307533-9
A child in Africa A child in Africa
Genetically modified cropsGenetically modified crops
PHAM VAN CHUYEN
OverviewOverview
1. Definition
2. Method
3. Usefulness of GM crops
4. Harmfulness of GM crops
5. Timeline and status
6. Vietnam and GM crops
7. Conclusion
DefinitionDefinition• A genetically modified crop (GMC) is an plant whose
genetic characteristics have been altered by human
Method Method
Note: Bt: Bacterium thuringiensis
Usefulness of GM cropsUsefulness of GM crops
1) Pest resistance
2) Disease resistance
3) Herbicide tolerance
4) Drought tolerance
5) Nutrition
6) Pharmaceuticals
7) Phytoremediation
Usefulness of GM cropsUsefulness of GM crops
1,2 Pest & Disease resistance
Usefulness of GM cropsUsefulness of GM crops• Herbicide tolerance
4. Drought tolerance4. Drought tolerance
Corn crops under drought stress
ResultResult
Genetically Modified Cotton (contains a bacterial gene for pest resistance)
Standard Cotton
5. Nutrition 5. Nutrition :: Golden riceGolden rice
Golden rice (yellow) with standard rice (white).
Worldwide, 7% of children suffer vitamin A deficiency, many of them living in regions in which rice is a staple of the diet.
Pharmaceuticals & PhytoremediationPharmaceuticals & Phytoremediation
• – ‘Spike’ protein gene of the pig corona virus in the same family as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus
• – Glycoprotein gene gp 120 of the AIDS virus HIV-1 incorporated into GM maize as a cheap edible oral vaccine
Harmfulness of GM cropsHarmfulness of GM crops
1. Human health
- Allergen and toxin
- Unknown effects on human health
2. Environmental hazards
- Unintended harm to other organisms
- Gene transfer to non-target species
- BT resistance Insect
Human healthHuman health
• Allergen and toxin
• Unknown effects on human health
Environmental hazards Environmental hazards
1. Unintended harm to other
organisms
Environmental hazardsEnvironmental hazards
2, Gene transfer to non-target species
Environmental hazardsEnvironmental hazards• BT resistance Insect
Larva eating GM crop leaf
Timeline & statusTimeline & status
• 1986 – Federal “Coordinated Framework” for regulating biotech
• 1994 – First biotech food approved (Flavr Savr tomato)
• 1996 – First GM corn seed is sold; GM crops enter the food supply
Some result of StudySome result of Study
Timeline & statusTimeline & status
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Herbicide Tolerance
Insect Resistance
Herbicide Tolerance/Insect Resistance
Global Area of Biotech Crops, 1996 to 2007:By Trait (Million Hectares)
Source: Clive James, 2008
M Acres
346
247
198
99
148
49
0
297
396
91
64%0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Soybean Cotton Maize Canola
standardGM crops
35
43%
148
24%
27
20%
Source: Clive James, 2008
Global Adoption Rates (%) for PrincipalGM Crops (Million Hectares) 2007
GM Crop Countries and Mega-Countries, 2007
Vietnam and GM cropsVietnam and GM crops
• Vietnam begin to research GM crops from 1990
• In Vietnam, institutes planed GM crops: rice, maize, potato
ConclusionConclusion
Improved Nutrition
Resistance to disease
Reduced use of chemicals
Environmental risks
Health risks
Economic risks
•So are GM foods a good or bad thing? It depend on each individual case
•In future, we will become agronomist, so did you have your own idea about Gm crops?