A child in Africa A child in Africa

Genetically modified cropsGenetically modified cropsPHAM VAN CHUYEN

OverviewOverview

1. Definition2. Method 3. Usefulness of GM crops4. Harmfulness of GM crops5. Timeline and status 6. Vietnam and GM crops7. Conclusion

DefinitionDefinition• A genetically modified crop (GMC) is an plant whose

genetic characteristics have been altered by human

Method Method

Note: Bt: Bacterium thuringiensis

Usefulness of GM cropsUsefulness of GM crops1) Pest resistance 2) Disease resistance 3) Herbicide tolerance 4) Drought tolerance 5) Nutrition 6) Pharmaceuticals 7) Phytoremediation

Usefulness of GM cropsUsefulness of GM crops1,2 Pest & Disease resistance

Usefulness of GM cropsUsefulness of GM crops• Herbicide tolerance

4. Drought tolerance4. Drought tolerance

Corn crops under drought stress

ResultResult

Genetically Modified Cotton (contains a bacterial gene for pest resistance)

Standard Cotton

5. Nutrition 5. Nutrition :: Golden riceGolden rice

Golden rice (yellow) with standard rice (white).

Worldwide, 7% of children suffer vitamin A deficiency, many of them living in regions in which rice is a staple of the diet.

Pharmaceuticals & PhytoremediationPharmaceuticals & Phytoremediation

• – ‘Spike’ protein gene of the pig corona virus in the same family as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus

• – Glycoprotein gene gp 120 of the AIDS virus HIV-1 incorporated into GM maize as a cheap edible oral vaccine

Harmfulness of GM cropsHarmfulness of GM crops

1. Human health - Allergen and toxin - Unknown effects on human health

2. Environmental hazards - Unintended harm to other organisms - Gene transfer to non-target species

- BT resistance Insect

Human healthHuman health

• Allergen and toxin• Unknown effects on human health

Environmental hazards Environmental hazards

1. Unintended harm to other

organisms

Environmental hazardsEnvironmental hazards2, Gene transfer to non-target species

Environmental hazardsEnvironmental hazards• BT resistance Insect

Larva eating GM crop leaf

Timeline & statusTimeline & status

• 1986 – Federal “Coordinated Framework” for regulating biotech

• 1994 – First biotech food approved (Flavr Savr tomato)

• 1996 – First GM corn seed is sold; GM crops enter the food supply

Some result of StudySome result of Study

Timeline & statusTimeline & status

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Herbicide ToleranceInsect ResistanceHerbicide Tolerance/Insect Resistance

Global Area of Biotech Crops, 1996 to 2007:By Trait (Million Hectares)

Source: Clive James, 2008

M Acres

346

247

198

99

148

49

0

297

396

91

64%0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Soybean Cotton Maize Canola

standardGM crops

35

43%

148

24%

27

20%

Source: Clive James, 2008

Global Adoption Rates (%) for PrincipalGM Crops (Million Hectares) 2007

GM Crop Countries and Mega-Countries, 2007

Vietnam and GM cropsVietnam and GM crops

• Vietnam begin to research GM crops from 1990

• In Vietnam, institutes planed GM crops: rice, maize, potato

ConclusionConclusion

Improved Nutrition

Resistance to disease

Reduced use of chemicals

Environmental risks

Health risks

Economic risks

•So are GM foods a good or bad thing? It depend on each individual case

•In future, we will become agronomist, so did you have your own idea about Gm crops?