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Future Physics with CBM
Paweł StaszelJagiellonian University
Physics motivation Detector concept Feasibility study Status
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 2
CBM (Compressed Baryonic Matter)
net-baryon density created in central Au+Au
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 3
Diagram fazowy QCD
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 4
QCD Phase Diagram scan with A+Acollisions
Y.B Ivanov et al., Phys. Rev. C 73, 044904 (2006)
3 component hydrodynamics + hadron gas EOS:
Critical Point reached at trajectory for ~30 AGeV (s
NN=7.74)
Phase Boundary reached already at ~10 AGeV (s
NN=4.72)
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How to explore interesting regions of the QCD Phase Diagram
Lattice QCD calculations:Fedor & Katz,Ejiri et al.
Freeze-out phase can be studied by measurement of „soft” hadrons production (bulk observables)
Information about earlier phases is carried by rare probes:
• High pT particles
• Particles decaying into leptons• Particles build up of heavy quarks (J/ψ, D, Λ
c ....)
and by collective motion (flow) of the created soft medium. (e .g. v
2 is
sensitive to the quanta interaction just after the medium formation)
large advantage from simultaneous flow measurement of “ordinary” hadrons and rare probes
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Future projects to explore phase diagram at large
RHIC energy-scan ................................ bulk observablesNA61@SPS ......................................... bulk observables
MPD@NICA ........................................ bulk observables
CBM@FAIR ........................................ bulk and rare observables
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 7
Experymental arguments for Phase Transition at low SPS energy
NA49 (QM 2004)
None monotonic behaviour of K+/+ ratio
Effective temperature shows plateau in the range of SPS energy
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 8
Kaon spectra versus hadronic models
UrQMD and HSD models can describe p+p and light Ion data (C+C).
Description of kaon spectra in central Au+Au and Pb+Pb requires contribution from strong parton-parton interactions in the early phase
E. Bratkovskaya et al. PRL 92, 032302 (2004)
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 9
Hadrons in dense medium (->+-)
NA60, Nucl. Phys. A 774 (2006) 67
broadening of spectral function (Rapp-Wambach)
contradiction with mass drop scenario (Brown-Rho scaling)
excess by factor of 4 over the “cocktail” with 25% systematic uncertainty !
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 10
Updates on +- results
Good pair excess description for M > 1 GeV assuming thermal QGP (q+qbar → contribution
J. Rappert et al. PLB 100, 162301 (2008)
For M up to ~0.9 MeV Teff
scales with
M → radial flow on hadronic levelFor M > 1 GeV partonic contribution
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 11
Open charm in dense medium
A. Mishra et al., Phys. Rev. C 69, 015202 (2004)
Reduction in the effective mass of D-meson can open D-Dbar decay channel for charmonium states → possible scenario for the J/Ψ suppression, CBM=> simultaneous measurement of J/Ψ and D-mesons
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 12
J/Ψ suppression
Anomalous J/ψ suppresion (AS) on SPS, L – effective path in medium
NA50, QM 2005
NA60 evidenced same effect in In+In
Better scaling is obtained in Npart
; onset already at Npart
~90,
At lower energies (larger μB) one can expect onset of AS for more central collisions
→ dependency on energy density and μB Important measurement of open charm to verify other scenarios
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 13
Event-by-event fluctuations
[NA49 collaboration, arXiv:0810.5580v2 [nucl-ex]]
• observation might become enormously difficult
• correlation length of sigma field, may become rather small for a finite lifetime of the fireball
• large acceptance needed!
2
2
pt
pt
pt zN
Z=Φ
N
=ittipt
ttpt
pp=Z
pp=z
1
[Stephanov, Rajagopal, Shuryak, PRD60, 114028 (1999)]
fluctuations, correlations with large acceptance and particle identification
K. Grebieszków on Thursday
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 14
CBM: Physics topics and Observables
Onset of chiral symmetry restoration at high B and tracing medium properties in time • in-medium modifications of hadrons (,, e+e-(μ+μ-), D)
Deconfinement phase transition at high B
• excitation function and flow of strangeness (K, )• excitation function and flow of charm (J/ψ, ψ', D0, D,
c)
charmonium suppression, sequential for J/ψ and ψ' ? corelated with open charm ?
The equation-of-state at high B
• collective flow of hadrons• particle production at threshold energies (open charm)
QCD critical endpoint• excitation function of event-by-event fluctuations (K/π,...)
predictions? clear signatures?→ be prepared to measure "everything": bulk particles and rare probes → probing medium with known overall characteristics→ systematic studies! (pp, pA, AA, energy)
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 15
CBM Detector (->e+e-)
TRDs(4,6,8 m)
STS ( 5 – 100 cm)
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 16
CBM Detector (->+-)
beam
ABSORBER(1,5 m)
TRDs(4,6,8 m)
TOF(10 m)
ECAL(12 m)
STS ( 5 – 100 cm)
magnet
PSD(~15 m)
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 17
Silicon Tracking System – heart of CBM
Challenge: high track density: 600 charged particles in 25o @10MHz
Tasks:• track reconstruction: 0.1 GeV/c < p 10-12 GeV/c p/p ~ 1% (p=1 GeV/c)• primary and secondary vertex reconstruction (resolution 50 m)
V0 track pattern recognition
c = 312 m
radiation hard and fast silicon pixel and strip detectors
self triggered FEE
high speed DAQ and trigger
online track reconstruction!
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 18
Silicon Tracking Performance
momentum resolution1.3%
(tracks pointing to primary vertex)
[%
]
p [GeV/c]
central Au+Au 25 AGeV (UrQMD)
700 reconstructed tracks
X-Z view
Y-X view
<1 % ghost tracks
96%
[%
]
p [GeV/c]
reconstruction efficiency
momentum resolution
Cellular Automaton and Kalman Filter,
50 ms on Pentium 4
A. Bubak, 19:40 on Wednesday
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Hyperons: PID from decay topology in STS
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 20
Simulation: bulk particles and hyperons
0
0.1
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0.9
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y0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
[G
$V/c
]T
p
0
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1.4
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1.8
2
0
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y0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
[G
$V/c
]T
p
0
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y0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
[G
$V/c
]T
p
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
incl. TOF
10 35AGeV
Λ Ξ Ω
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 21
ρ,ω,φ
ρ, ω, φ J/ψ, ψ'
Signal and background yields from physics event generators (HSD, UrQMD) Full event reconstruction based on realistic detector layout and response
Feasibility studies for dilepton measurements
Electron id:RICH and TRD
Muon id:segmented hadron absorber+ tracking system
125(225) cm iron,15(18) det. layers
π suppression:
factor 104
dominant background: e from π0 Dalitz
125 cm Fe: 0.25 ident. /event
dominant background: μ from π, K decay (0.13/event)
J/ψ
200k events 4 1010 events
4 108 events 3.8 1010 events
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 22
STS: 8 stations double-sided Silicon micro-strip sensors (8 0.4% X0)
MVD: 2 stations MAPS pixel sensors (0.3% X0, 0.5% X
0) at z = 5cm and 10cm
no K and π identification, proton rejection via TOF
~ 12k D+ + 26k D- 10 weeks data taking reduced interaction
rate 105/s:
Open charm measurement
D → K π π, cτ= 317 μm109 centr. ev.
eff = 2.6%
S/B = 2.4 (D-) 1.1 (D+)
D0 → K π, cτ= 123 μm1010 centr. ev.
eff = 4.4%
S/B = 6.4 (D0) 2.1 (D0)
_
and~ 7k D0 + 20k D0
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 23
Performance summary
Maximum beam intensity: 109 ions/s10 weeks of Au-beam at 25 AGeV beam energy
• Minimum bias collisions can be recorded with 25kHz→ unlimited statistics for bulk observables (K, )→ 106 mesons, 108 , 106 (spectra, flow, correlations, fluctuations)
• Open charm trigger will allow for 100kHz → 104 open charm hadrons• Charmonium trigger with max. beam intensity: 10MHz→ 106 J/• (charm production, spectra, flow measurement)
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 24
Status
CBM Collaboration undergoes (phase) transition
simulation → prototyping
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 25
Double and triple GEM detectors2 Double-sided silicon microstrip detectors Radiation tolerance studies for readout electronics Full readout and analysis
chain:
Front-end board with self-triggering n-XYTER chip Readout controller
Data Acquisition System
online
offline
Go4
AnalysisDetector
signals
Successful test of CBM prototype detector systems with free-streaming read-out electronics using proton beams at GSI, September 28-30, 2008
GSI and AGH Krakow VECC Kolkata KIP Heidelberg
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 26
CBM hardware R&D
RICH mirror
n-XYTER FEB
Silicon microstrip detector
MVD: Cryogenic operation in vacuum RPC R&D
Forward Calorimeter
GEM
dipole magnet
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 27
90 pages, available at www.gsi.de/fair/experiments/CBM
CBM Progress Report 2008
Content:• Micro Vertex Detector
• Silicon Tracking System
• Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detector
• Muon System
• Transition Radiation Detectors
• Resistive Plate Chambers
• Calorimeters
• Magnet
• FEE and DAQ
• Physics Performance
• Software and Algorithms
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 28
CBM CollaborationChina:Tsinghua Univ., BeijingCCNU WuhanUSTC Hefei
Croatia:
University of SplitRBI, Zagreb
Portugal: LIP Coimbra
Romania: NIPNE BucharestBucharest University
Poland:Krakow Univ.Warsaw Univ.Silesia Univ. KatowiceKraków AGH(Inst. Nucl. Phys. Krakow)
LIT, JINR DubnaMEPHI MoscowObninsk State Univ.PNPI GatchinaSINP, Moscow State Univ. St. Petersburg Polytec. U.
Ukraine: INR, KievShevchenko Univ. , Kiev
Univ. MannheimUniv. MünsterFZ RossendorfGSI Darmstadt
Czech Republic:CAS, RezTechn. Univ. Prague
France: IPHC StrasbourgGermany: Univ. Heidelberg, Phys. Inst.Univ. HD, Kirchhoff Inst. Univ. Frankfurt
Hungaria:KFKI BudapestEötvös Univ. BudapestIndia:Aligarh Muslim Univ., AligarhIOP BhubaneswarPanjab Univ., ChandigarhGauhati Univ., Guwahati Univ. Rajasthan, JaipurUniv. Jammu, JammuIIT KharagpurSAHA KolkataUniv Calcutta, KolkataVECC Kolkata
Univ. Kashmir, SrinagarBanaras Hindu Univ., Varanasi
Korea:Korea Univ. SeoulPusan National Univ.Norway:Univ. Bergen
Kurchatov Inst. MoscowLHE, JINR DubnaLPP, JINR DubnaCyprus:
Nikosia Univ.
55 institutions, > 400 members
Dubna, Oct 2008
Russia:IHEP ProtvinoINR TroitzkITEP MoscowKRI, St. Petersburg
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 29
Hadrons in dense medium (->e+e-)
Top SPS: excess of e+e- pairs around 0.5 GeV (by factor of ~2.8)40AGeV: the excess rised up to ~4 → strong dependency on
B
Rapp-Wambach – in-medium modification
Rapp: “dropping mass” according to Brown-Rho scaling scenario
Thermal model
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 30
Elliptic flow at RHIC (√SNN
= 200 GeV)
gPHENIX, PRL.98:162301,2007
baryons mezonsn 3 2
KET = m
T - m
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• all particles flow (even these with charm!) → strong interactions
• scaling if taking the underlying number of quarks into account!→quark combine to hadrons at a later stage (hadronization via coalescence)
data can only be explained assuming a large, early built up pressure in a nearly ideal liquid (low viscosity!)
→ sQGP
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Elliptic flow at SPS
data at top SPS support hypothesis of early development of collectivity• influence of hadronic rescattering phase, resonance decay? • lack of complete thermalization, viscosity effect?• larger pt-range needed
Pb+Pb collisions, √sNN
= 17.3 GeV
[NA49, G. Stefanek, PoS CPOD2006:030,2006]
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Paweł Staszel Konwersatorium PTF oddział katowicki, Katowice 25.02.2009 33
In parallel, in time steps of 10-100s in SIS100/300 proton/heavy ion beams are accelerated to high energy: 90GeV – protons, 45GeV – heavy ions
High energy proton and heavy ion beam are gradually extracted for HADES+ and CBM experiments
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Paweł Staszel 31st Mazurian Lakes Conference, Piaski 1.09.2008 34
Mapping the QCD phase diagram with heavy-ion collisions
net baryon density: B 4 ( mT/2h2c2)3/2 x [exp((B-m)/T) - exp((-B-m)/T)] baryons - antibaryons
Lattice QCD calculations:Fedor & Katz,Ejiri et al.
SIS300