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Fungi
Premier Decomposers
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Fungi Characteristics
• Heterotrophic• Secrete digestive
enzymes on organic material and then absorb it
• Extracellular digestion and absorption
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Fungi Characteristics
• Most are multicellular• Reproduce both asexually and sexually• Spore producing• Produce a mesh of filaments called a
mycelium• Each filament of the mycelium is called a
hypha
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Fungi Characteristics
• Three major groups:• Zygomycota• Ascomycota: sac
fungi• Basidiomycota: club
fungi• Imperfect fungi
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Spores
• Sexual, asexual spores, or both• Depends on contact with other hyphae,
food availability, temperature, and dampness
• Incredible numbers of spores are produced
• Depend on wind and air currents to disperse them
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Zygomycetes• Bread mold• Some parasitic
species• Stalked hyphae with
spore sacs on top
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Ascomycetes
• Sac Fungi• 30,000 species• Includes truffles and
morels• Penicillium that
flavors cheeses and makes antibiotic
• Yeast
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Ascomycetes
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Basidiomycetes
• The club fungi• The typical mushroom
with a stalk and cap• Shelf and bracket
fungi• The mushroom is
really the reproductive body-the mycelium is buried
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Basidiomycetes
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Typical Life Cycle
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Club Fungi Life Cycle
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Imperfect Fungi
• Not really a classification group• Used when we cannot detect a sexual
phase of spore production• Often includes penicillium and aspergillus
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Lichens
• Fungus intertwined with a photosynthetic organism
• Most of the fungi are sac fungi (Ascomycota)
• Most of the photosynthetic components are green algae
• The fungus is usually the larger part
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Lichens
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Mycorrhizae:mutualism between a fungus and a
young tree root
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Some are Bad Guys
• Histoplamosis• Athletes foot• Ringworm• Plant diseases such as Dutch Elm
disease, blights, smuts, Chestnut blight