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Presentation to
Middle East Fire and Safety
Conference 2010 Dubai
Preparedness of fire fighters in crises response
Firoze Zia Hussain
CEO Totem International [email protected] +919618621234
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Mumbai Terrorist attack
Few terrorists attacked Trident hotel and Taj
Hotel armed with Sat phone,AK 47 and
grenades and held on for few days
Lighted fire on Taj Presidential suite on the top
floor.
Elite commandoes ,fire fighters found it
difficult to counter such few attackers
HOW do we prepare for such situations ?
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Crises with Emergency ResponseCrises with Emergency Response
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Lessons learnt
Combined drills of fire fighters and elite
commandoes is essential for succesful
operation.
Personal protective equipment used by both
units has been revamped
Design and drill for safe passage of guests
/staff implemented
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New roles of fire fighters
CBRNe response-hazmat response
Chemical biological radiological nuclear
explosive threats Equipment and training in not only smoke
detectors but also C B detectors
N
ew technologies for fire fighting BMS system
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Policy making in fire and safety
We firstly need to understand what are the
needs of a human beingair food water and
shelter
AIR-
a) ambient temperature--
b) right composition--c) free of contaminants ---
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Level of comfort in crises
How many stairs can a hotel guest be
expected to be able to do in crises response
How long can a guest be without food/waterin safe rooms /areas
What temperature can he be expected to bear
with in crises of level 1 2 3
Level of oxygen
Vision or sight reduction in a smoke scenario
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Anatomy of a Civil Emergency IncidentAnatomy of a Civil Emergency Incident
Primary
Secondary
Incident
Contamination
Air/Ground/Water
People
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System design for HAZMAT response
Any system design to start with human being
and his capabilities during a crises or disaster
Stress is found to reduce capability of humansby as much as a fourth applicable for first
responders
Unpredictability of disasters
Table top exercise at design itself
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Chemical Warfare Agents
Biological Warfare Agents
Dirty Bombs
Examples of HazardsExamples of Hazards
White Powder Incidents
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Exclusion (Hot) Zone
Protection Level A Protection
Level B
Protection
Level C
Contamination Reduction (Warm) Zone
Support (Cold) Zone
Crowd Control Line
Decontamination Line
Hot Line
Typically SCBA/Gas
suits
Typically Full-face/
appropriate filter/suit or
P&SA/ suit
Typically Half-
mask/disposable/skin
protection if nec.
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Hot Zone Warm Zone Cold Zone
Convenient barrier to
contain primary sourceDecontamination zone
Outer cordon - control public
access (& escape!)
1st zone to be createdTypically last zone to be
created
Typically 2nd zone to be
created
Entry likely beforeDetection, Identification,
Monitoring
Expect Monitoring ofSecondary contamination
once hot zone detection and
identification complete
Monitoring only to ensure
contamination-free
Possibly unknown
HazardsHazards should be identified Should be non-hazardous
Contamination from
Primary Source
Contamination only from
Secondary Sources Should be contamination-freeContamination Possibly
above IDLH
Contamination should be
below IDLHShould be contamination-free
Typically use SCBA (and
Gas-tight suits if
necessary)
Typically negative pressure or
powered filtering respirators
and full skin protection -
minimum liquid-tight.
Typically minimal if any
protection: post-
decontamination clothing;
possibly MFR-type respiratorsas safeguard
Dynamic situation
Zone DescriptionZone Description
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Civil Emergency ResponseCivil Emergency Response
Hot ZoneHot Zone
Contaminated
Warm ZoneWarm Zone
Decontamination Area
Dirty
Cold ZoneCold Zone
Clean
Fire ServiceFire ServiceTriage
Rescue of Casualties
Removal of Bodies
INCIDENTINCIDENT
Ambulance ServiceAmbulance ServiceTriage
Casualty tagging
Public Mass
Decontamination
Emergency
ServicesDecontamination
PolicePoliceInvestigation
Evidence and
Intelligence
gathering
PolicePoliceProperty storage
& bagging
Contaminated body
holding
Ambulance serviceAmbulance serviceCasualty clearing
In-depth triage
Ambulance LoadingAmbulance Loading
Survivor evacuation
PolicePoliceDecontaminated
body holding
Wind direction
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Desired Response
Fire ServiceHot Zone
Detection, Identification &
Monitoring
Reconnaissance
Search & Rescue
PoliceWarm & Cold Zone
Reconnaissance
Crime Scene
Management
Firearms use
Fire & AmbulanceWarm Zone
Triage
Mass Decontamination
Casualty Transport
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POWERED RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE SUIT [ N B C ]
BATTERY PO ERED 3M JUPITERERTURBO FITTED.
HIGHLY HEMI ALRESISTANTFABRI ITHHAZMAXSHOE FITTED.
TWO FILTERATTACHEDTO FILTERCBRN.
RECHARGABLEBATTERYTIME 4HOURS
NO NEED OF BASET ORAIRLINE .
AS PEREN 464:1994
REMOTEALARM DEVICE.
WIDELY USEDBY FIRESERVICES,,
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
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First Responders
Sensitization awareness to potential hazards
Personal protective equipments CBRNe
compliant Detection equipments
Training/Dril in safe rescue
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Transformation of roles
From fire fighter to HAZMAT responder
Mindset change /attitudinal change
Global threats are rarely repetitive
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Events Do occur or are considered likely
Targets?
Capability gaps Governments openly admitting
Government plans government planning to improve response
process and capability
Status today??
CHANGE ---
ConclusionsConclusions
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THANK YOU
Firoze Zia Hussain
+919618621234
[email protected] Integrated safety security solutions for
HAZMAT response
Meet us in South Africa at the Africa PortSecurity Congress for a one day workshop on
CBRNE June 2011
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