Temasek Polytechnic Specialist Diploma In Arts and Event Management
Research Project Project Supervisor: Albert Toh
OUR COMMUNITY WILL SUPPORT FORMULA ONE GRAND
PRIX TO BE HELD ON THE STREETS OF SINGAPORE
Cheng Khim Seng
0370121F
Cheng Khim Seng 0370121F
Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Statement of purpose
1.2 Research objectives
1.3 Hypothesis
1.4 Study area
1.5 Limitation of research
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2. Background
2.1 Evolution of Formula One in Asia
2.2 Local motor sports scene
2.3 Vision for Formula One Singapore Grand Prix
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3. The proposed venue
3.1 A lap around the temporary streets circuit
3.2 Temporary streets circuit versus the permanent race track
3.3 Other fringe events and the race calendar
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4. Findings from public survey
4.1 The survey questionnaire
4.2 Public awareness and support for Formula One
4.3 National pride and raising the profile of Singapore
4.4 Potential business opportunities and economic benefits
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5. Conclusion - 24 -
6. References And Relevant Literature - 25 -
Annex 1: Streets circuit venue map
Annex 2: Survey questionnaire
Annex 3: Breakdown of survey results
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1. Introduction:
1.1 Statement of purpose
The purpose of this research is to establish the support from our community
for Singapore to host Formula One Grand Prix race on a temporary street
circuit.
1.2 Research Objectives
From a proposed race venue, it is necessary to determine:
- Public support and acceptance
- National pride and raising the profile of Singapore
- Potential business opportunities and economic benefits
1.3 Hypothesis
Our community will support Formula One Grand Prix to be held on the streets
of Singapore
1.4 Study area
The research set out to identify a suitable venue to be converted into a
temporary streets circuit course. A quantitative research on the proposed
venue will be also conducted. Survey questionnaires were prepared and
covered the following issues:
- Acquire demographics and lifestyle information
- Determine the respondents’ support and attendance of the event
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A target of 200 public survey questionnaires will be distributed in either printed
copies or carry out through an online survey posted onto the internet. The
data collected will be entered in to the SPSS data mining and database
analysis software to determine the frequencies and cross-tabulation analysis.
1.5 Limitation of research
In view of the limited timeline available and the many potential areas that
could be studied for this subject, the area of research will not be addressing
the economic impact studies and cost and benefit analysis. Nevertheless, this
paper will highlight any possible economic benefits and business opportunities
based on either primary or secondary data collected.
The proposed temporary streets circuit intended to use for this Formula One
Grand Prix will have to be consulted and modified by the professional race
circuit designers such as Tilke Engeering. The final design will be submitted to
meet the appropriate stringent criteria and safety standards by Federation
Internationale de I’Automobile (FIA).
Due to the sheer size of this event and the possible impact to physical
environment, before the event has to take place, an environmental impact
assessment will be required to address issues such as crowd movement and
control, noise levels and disruption to the local community. Relevant licences
and clearances will also have to be approved from both the sports governing
bodies and several local government agencies. Some examples includes
endorsement on temporary public road closure for the streets circuit from
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Land Transport Authority, permit to use of Marina Promenade area for
temporary conversion into pit garages for the racing teams and parc ferme
from Singapore Land Authority and The Maritime and Port Authority of
Singapore for rescue boats to patrol the Marina Bay area. These will be some
of the considerations and issues to be captured and addressed by the event
organising committee during the initial planning process.
2. Background:
Since the first organised motor race was stage from Paris to Rouen in 1894
by a newspaper, Le Petite Journal, the thrill and excitement of motor racing
have been seen as significant events on both a global and local scale.
At the pinnacle of motor sports, Formula One (F1) Grand Prix has always
been associated with cutting edge technology, speed and symbol of global
capitalism and glamour. It is a major global event with massive world wide
followings. With power to reach 202 countries and the cumulative audience of
50.7 billion people for 1997 Championship, Hotten (1998: 200), Formula One
is currently the third most watched live sporting event, second only to the
Olympics and the World Cup Soccer.
The host venue not only takes centre stage in the international spotlight,
receiving enormous amount of media attention, it also provide a valuable
opportunity to showcase the unique nature of the host city to the international
audience enhancing the awareness, appeal and profitability of a tourist
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destination attracting the large followings of fans and enthusiasts. In return,
the Grand Prix generate positive economic benefits to the local community by
increasing tourism both before and after the event. Formula One Grand Prix
races in European Union are economically distinctive that they create across
the board very large amount of wealth for the local economies that host the
events. This is a sports that makes its host communities rich.
Governments around the world have also realised the ability of hosting major
events to raise the profile of the politicians and the cities they govern as such
events attract visitors, they not only create economic benefits but also jobs.
Events also provide niche development opportunities and interests for the
host communities. With these in mind, it has prompted government agencies
such as the tourism board, to become major players in sponsoring, bidding
for, hosting and staging of major events including the Formula One Grand
Prix. As highlighted by Sawer (2004) and Garside (2004), Mayor, Ken
Livingstone has made a formal offer to Formula One Commercial rights
holder, Bernie Ecclestone to stage a Formula One Grand Prix on the streets
of London with a race course based around Hyde Park within four years to
boost tourism. Livingstone said: ”We are serious about this. Everyone
recognises this is a huge plus for London. Every hotel bed will be filled, every
restaurant. This is just what great cities do to sell themselves. New York is
looking at doing the same thing. If you can do it in Monaco, you can do it in
London.”
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2.1 Evolution of Formula One in Asia
Other parts of the world, particularly in Asia and the Gulf Region are
beginning to benefit from Formula One’s expansion into new regions. With the
rapid growing of interests in motor racing in Asian region, China who is
particularly keen in motor racing, has been trying to host a Formula One
Grand Prix for more than a decade, spending nine years developing a race
circuit near the southern city of Zhuhai. Although being listed provisionally in
the F1 1998 calendar, the circuit was never approved for use after falling to
meet international standards. Chellam (2004). Despite the setback, the
Chinese rebounded with a new 5.4 km circuit in the fast growing metropolis of
Shanghai, and will have their first taste of hosting China Grand Prix on 26
September 2004 with all the 150,000 tickets being snapped up by the Chinese
fans a month ago. As noted by Hotten (1998), an estimated cumulative
audience in China of 200 million people are watching Formula One each
season. It is a race where whoever Asian country gets the first Grand Prix, it
will stimulate further TV interest throughout the region. There are more
countries, including South Korea and possibly Thailand, wanting to host a
Formula Grand Prix than can be accommodated in the Formula One calendar
for each season. Malaysia being the sole country in South-East Asia to have
ever host Formula One Grand Prix since 1999 has signed a five year contract.
Being strategically situated in Asia, Singapore must poise to exploit the
growing interest of the sports.
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2.2 Local motor sports scene
The Singapore Motor Sports Association (SMSA), the controlling body of
motor sports in Singapore, hosts various car racing events, including the
Autotest, Carpark Rally and the hugely popular Sprint/Super Sprint events
several times a year. It attracted many from all walks of life who have passion
for motor racing. However, motor sports in Singapore are still at its infancy
stage. Due to the limited space allowable to put aside for motor sports
activities, we lack of proper race facilities and these small scale amateur clubs
events are being held in car parks at Kallang. Similar events are also held on
several race circuits in our neighbouring country, Malaysia who has one of the
purposed built permanent race tracks for Formula One and other categories of
premier class motor racing at the state of Selangor, the Sepang International
Circuit.
2.3 Vision for Formula One Singapore Grand Prix
In Singapore, due to the fierce competition for injection of “new money” into
the economy by our neighbouring countries and with many of our existing
aging and ordinary so-so tourist attractions, we need to challenge the
imagination and explore new possibilities by involving man in the streets and
public to contribute new ideas to provide a fresh and different perspective to
stimulate our local tourism. Tan (2004).
While trying to regain our status in the major league and with a vision for
Singapore to be a recognised hub through creation and hosting of exciting
world-class sporting events, it will also reach out to various international
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sports federations and governing bodies to propagate and expand the
influence of their sports and leisure activities in our region, this study will look
into the creation of a venue from our established facilities and infrastructure
as well as to determine the level of local community support to host Formula
One Grand Prix in Singapore.
3. The proposed venue:
The proposed venue to host the Formula One Singapore Grand Prix will be in
the heart of our city. Public roads around Suntec City and City Hall area will
be converted into an approximate 4.5km long, 13 corners temporary streets
circuit for the three days race event. The proposed race route will highlight our
modern metropolis with its sleek skyscrapers to the landmarks and memorials
sites with traces of our memorable past and its colonial heritage. It is ideally
situated at the central of our business, cultural and tourism districts where it
will be featuring some of Singapore’s best amenities and facilities, such as the
world-class hotels, shopping malls, food and beverages outlets, cultural and
entertainment centres, to capitalise on the many opportunities provided by this
major event as a unique lifestyle destination to provide that “hook” to draw
both local and foreign visitors. As noted in Allen (2002), events can provide
newness, freshness and change, which sustain local interest in a destination
and enhance its appeal to visitors. Furthermore, visitors want to do what the
local residents do and experience the things they enjoy about the destination.
A copy of the streets circuit map is attached in Annex 1.
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3.1 A lap around the streets circuit
The starting line will be positioned at the long stretch of Raffles Avenue with
the temporary pit garages and parc ferme along the Marina Promenade, right
opposite is the elegant The Ritz-Carlton, Millenia Singapore where the guests
can catch the exhilarating start line action of the Formula One Grand Prix with
comfort from their luxuriously appointed rooms with unobstructed views of the
Singapore skyline and Marina Bay area. Likewise for those who are staying at
The Oriental Singapore who is inter-linked with Marina Square Shopping Mall
and to two other 5-star hotels, Marina Mandarin Singapore and Pan Pacific
Singapore.
As the circuit itself will come to life, the F1 cars powered onto the first bend
and the second tight left hand corner heading towards the Esplanade Bridge
along the Esplanade Drive. Imagine it is like attending a mega orchestra
concert with the magnificent superstructure of The Esplanade - Theatres on
the Bay located along the waterfront as the conductor, our CBD skyscrapers
as its main backdrop resembling the audiences surrounding the long
Esplanade Bridge as the performing stage with those mighty 3 litres V10
engines revving over 18,000 rpm in tunes, accelerating across at top speed
exceeding 200kmh, leading the race onto several distinctive historic sites of
our past. Braking hard at the tight right hairpin corner at the end of the long
Esplanade Bridge, where it could be a favourite overtaking spot, right in front
of The Fullerton Hotel which is one of our heritage buildings with a neo-
classical architecture standing tall at the forefront of Raffles Place,
Singapore’s financial and business district. At this hairpin, drivers will take aim
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at the apex to position their cars back onto the racing line to have a good run
as this could be the key to achieve a good lap time around this circuit before
entering the exquisite Anderson Bridge, spanning across the entry of
Singapore River, which comprises of steel arches with supporting steel ribs
extending across them with rusticated archways.
Plunging down to the natural right and left chicane at the junction of Fullerton
Road and Connaught Drive, between Victoria Concert Hall and Singapore
Cricket Club, this could be a beloved spot for photographers to take pictures
of F1 drivers putting on their 100% concentration and driving skills to
negotiate the chicane by brushing their cars with the armco barriers to
achieve a perfect entry and gaining maximum speed into the right hand corner
heading towards the ultra wide St. Andrew’s Road straight where they could
potentially perform exciting overtaking manoeuvre on their opponents.
Adjacent to the straight are two of our renowned landmarks, the Supreme
Court, one of the finest buildings ever built with Corinthian columns and
spacious interiors featuring murals by Italian artist, Cavalieri Rodolfo Nolli in
1939 during the British Rule of Singapore. Beside the Supreme Court is City
Hall which was built in 1929 and was the site of the Japanese surrender in
1945 during World War II.
The next right and left chicane at the junction of Stamford Road and Beach
Road, reside the Asia's tallest hotel Swissôtel The Stamford, Singapore. This
72-storey hotel inter-linked with the Raffles City Shopping Complex as well
the sister hotel, Raffles The Plaza, Singapore is ideally situated at the
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crossroads of Singapore's business, cultural and shopping districts. At turn 7,
a near 90 degree right hander at Bras Basah Road, next to it is one of the
world’s most beloved Grand Hotels, Raffles Hotel Singapore, a National
Monument and a jewel in the crown of Singapore's hospitality industry.
After the end of the short straight, the streets course will bring the race into
the futuristic Suntec City, the Times Square of Singapore, which integrate the
Singapore's largest shopping and entertainment centre with four 45-storey
high towers and one 18-story high building for offices plus the hi-tech,
purpose-built meeting venue, The Singapore International Convention &
Exhibition Centre (SICEC). Turn 9, right at the central of Suntec City featuring
the Fountain of Wealth, one of the World's Largest Fountain, the F1 cars will
have to negotiate the slow speed right hander around the fountain before
blasting their way down Temasek Avenue, where the new Millenia MRT will
be located, and Raffles Boulevard before heading towards the start – finish
straight. The pit lane entry and the paddock area, where the racing teams will
house their transporters and motor homes, will be situated before the
penultimate corner of the circuit.
3.2 Temporary streets circuit versus the permanent race track
The choice of the venue and the type of race circuits to use is a crucial
decision that will ultimately determine the elements of staging the event. From
the survey questionnaire received, there are some suggestions that a
permanent race track should be built instead of a temporary course to
emulate the Sepang International Circuit that our neighbour has. However, it
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will make more economic sense when we can capitalise by modifying existing
venue and facilities available and bringing out the best of what we have now
as it will require a huge budget to stage the event. The savings gained from
not having to build a new race circuit could be passed down to the spectators
who could be paying less for the ticket price and still experience the charm of
this thrilling race.
Malaysia spent about RM286 million to built their 5.542 km long circuit on the
rural part of Selangor state around plantation and farming, hoping it to
become a major economic growth centre. There are some critics who felt that
it would not contribute to a healthier Malaysian economy instead it could
burdened the country if the circuit could not generate the expected revenues
to cover the cost of building the facility as they had signed a five-year contract
to host the Formula One Championship since 1999 and they have to pour out
US$8 million to host each Grand Prix Teh (1999). Also with the gradual
declining interest of local Malaysian, due to the overly priced tickets and the
situation has not been improving since its inception Khairul (2004). In the
worst case scenario, they might even be forced to operate at the loss now to
fulfil the obligation of that five year contract. Similarly for the new ultra modern
Shanghai circuit which the Chinese spent at least US$325 million which they
have forecasted that it will only be profitable by 2016 Chellam (2004).
Street circuit such as Monaco at Monte Carlo well known to both spectators
and drivers as one of the most satisfying and exciting tracks in the Formula
One Championship and it has been on the Formula One calendar since 1929.
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It is brilliantly exciting for the spectators where they can get so close to the
race actions, with just a few metres away. The sound, the sight and the
adrenaline rush generated as the cars speeding by. Drivers like the challenge
of the street circuit as it differentiate the men among the boys! The armco
barrier-lined circuit leaves no margin for error, demanding more concentration
that any other Formula One track. Cars are running so close to these barriers
to achieve good lap times and the drivers must be able to maintain 100%
concentration throughout the entire race distance. These barriers are not
forgiving, drivers must put absolute premium on their skills and bravery. They
cannot afford to make any mistakes which could end their race prematurely at
the barriers. As quoted by Alain Prost, former F1 Champion, “This is
regarded as the classic Grand Prix circuit on the Championship and it is a
track where absolute precision and consistency reap dividends. If you are
impulsive at Monaco, you are likely to end up in the barrier. Overtaking is
extremely difficult and the opportunities to do so seldom present themselves.
It can be enormously frustrating, but, equally, very satisfying.” Mika Hakkinen,
1998 & 1999 F1 Champion, commented “The grip level changes and to keep
your concentrations is incredible difficult. It’s so easy to make a mistake.”
Henry (1997).
3.3 Other fringe events and the race calendar
The three days Grand Prix event will comprised more than just Formula One
race to provide additional entertainment for the spectators, an array of
interesting programme may include a tie-up with Motorsports Asia Limited as
host for their Asian Festival of Speed series that comprises of:
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- Asian Formula 3 (AF3)
- Formula BMW Asia (FBMW)
- Porsche Carrera Cup Asia (PCCA)
- Asian Touring Car Series (ATCS)
In addition, motor sports themed festivities carnivals or EXPO could be held at
Marina Promenade and the Padang. Extravaganza or parties could be
launched by the visiting Grand Prix teams to gather support and sponsorships
from both local crowds and businesses respectively at our various night spots
nearby. There could also be a large scale automotive exhibition being held at
The Singapore International Convention & Exhibition Centre during this Grand
Prix week.
According to the current Formula One Championship calendar, the race
season will commence at Australia in middle of March, and with Malaysia
hosting the round 2 in late March or in the case of China hosting round 16 of
the Grand Prix series which take place in the middle of September where
these two periods are potentially low seasons in Singapore. So to have a
Grand Prix during either this time of the year would be a strong advantage to
attract visitors and inject some event excitement to our community during this
period.
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4. Findings from public survey:
4.1 The survey questionnaire
Quantitative survey questionnaires were prepared and distributed. With the
support from public, friends, colleagues and fellow classmates, a total of 208
responses were received, exceeding the initial target of 200. Of all the
responses received, 20% are in printed copies and remaining 80% from email
response through an online survey posted onto the internet. A copy of the
survey questionnaire is attached in Annex 2 and a full breakdown of the
survey results are presented in Annex 3.
4.2 Public awareness and support for Formula One
- 65% of the respondents had ever watched a Formula One Grand
Prix race. From the cross-tabulation analysis with gender and age
group, 83% are Males and 44% Females. The age group of 25 to
34 has the highest percentage at 43% and 22% for Males and
Females respectively. (Q1)
- 73% would attend if given a chance for Singapore to host the Grand
Prix event. From the cross-tabulation analysis with gender and age
group, 81% are Males and 63% Females. Once again, the age
group with highest percentage for both genders fall between the
age group of 25 to 34 with 36% Males and 34% Females. (Q2)
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- Out of those respondents who would be coming to the event, 60%
would bring their friends along, 19% would come with their family
members and 1% would attend alone. From the cross-tabulation
analysis with their age group and employment status, the highest
percentage among those who would attend with their friends and
family members with 41% and 39% respectively fall between the
age group of 25 to 34 and they are currently full time employed.
(Q3)
- Over 80% would be willing to pay for tickets at less than S$150
while only 5% would attend the 3 days events even if the tickets
priced above S$300. From the cross-tabulation analysis with their
age group and employment status, 46% will pay for tickets at less
than S$150 fall between the age group of 25 to 34 and they are
currently full time employed and likewise 30% and 57% for tickets
between S$150 to S$300 and above S$300 respectively. (Q4)
- 72% would watch the race on television. From cross-tabulation
analysis with (Q2), 42% of the respondents that indicated not going
for the event will actually watched the Grand Prix on television. (Q5)
- 49% of the respondent believed that “ticket price is too expensive
and no cable TV at home” would be the main contributing factor that
discourage them from attending or watching the event. (Q6)
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From the encouraging results received from the respondents, it can be seen
that majority of our local community are aware about the sports and would
want to attend the Grand Prix with their friends and families if given a chance
for Singapore to host the event here. With advancement and expansion of
media into other delivery systems such as cable television and the internet,
those who could not attend the Grand Prix will not missed the actions through
live television broadcast. Ticket price and access to cable television are the
main factors that will discourage our community from supporting the event.
Therefore if our local TV station could purchase the TV rights to broadcast the
Grand Prix live like what they had done for the several important matches of
the Euro 2004, with the backing from business sponsors, there will surely be a
huge substantial increase in both viewership and support for this event. In
terms of tickets price, it should also be priced affordable for the local
community so that they could share the excitement, be entertained and
thrilled by the event. Allen (2002) argues that should the event being
produced solely for tourists, without meaning for their own community, it will
run the danger of being inauthentic and shallow. As recognised by Khairul
(2004), that there is substantial declining interest among local Malaysian and
a need to call for a serious review for ticket prices so as to make it realistic for
the average Malaysian at Sepang International Circuit (SIC) as other
remaining 16 rounds of the Formula One Championship where the
Grandstands are filled mainly by local enthusiasts and fans.
From the further cross-tabulation analysis on these results, there is a an
interesting trend whereby those who supported the event majority fall between
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the age group of 25 to 34 and they are currently full time employed. From the
secondary data collected, as referenced to table 19 of Census of population
2000, Annex 3, age group between 25 to 34 currently employed has the
highest population with 750,771 compared to a total population of 3,197,311
in Singapore. They are the driving force of our economy and the majority of
them are either professionals, managers, executives and businessman
(PMEB) or married couples with double incomes and no kids (DINKS). With
these, we can proof the notion that Formula One fans tend to be young and
upwardly mobile, and have disposable income as noted by Hotten (1998:
204).
4.3 National pride and raising the profile of Singapore
- 91% believed that by hosting the Grand Prix race in Singapore, it
will enhance our international image that we care capable of hosting
world-class sporting events. (Q7)
- In given an opportunity, 59% would be willing to play a part in
making this Grand Prix event successful. (Q9)
The Formula One Grand Prix can provide our community with strong platform
to showcase our expertise, enhance our international image and promote new
business opportunities to attract the interest of entrepreneurs to Singapore.
The positive media exposure generated by the event can also illustrate the
capacity, innovation and achievements of both our country and our people.
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It is heartening to know that our community will back this major event even if
they have to put up with temporary inconvenience and disruption because the
air of excitement generated, the “feel good” aspect that “the whole world is
watching us” and the provision of long term expectation for improvement of
facilities and economic benefits. As described by Allen (2002), Australian
Formula One Grand Prix in Adelaide was popular among residents. The
Grand Prix in 1985 set Adelaide alive… “The spirits infected all of us,
including large numbers of people in ‘normal’ times might be expected to be
against the notion of this garish, noisy, polluting advertising circus”.
Catherwood (1992) noted that International federations and other governing
bodies no longer concentrated on awarding events solely on the basis of a
community’s population. They are more interested in staging a smooth, well-
run event that participants enjoy themselves and were treated well. The key
will not be the population because the ticket buyers, for the most part, could
come from outside the community. For smaller cites such as us, we can easily
focus and work together as a team in a unified community. More than half of
the respondents would like to be part of making this major event successful.
They could contribute by volunteering to be the track marshals where they will
be trained on racing terminology, fire-fighting and first-aid in dealing with car
crash. Such specialise skills will be beneficial on only to individual but to our
community as a whole. There will also be other temporary jobs created during
the Grand Prix week by the race management. As proven by Lilley III (1999),
The 1999 Italian F1 Grand Prix at Monza recruited about 2,000 workers for
the race week which acts as an economic force to bring all the community
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together – male and female, white and blue collar – to work in “extra jobs” that
strengthen both the local economy and the local community.
Although our current local motor sports scene may be still at its infancy now,
but with the exposure and propagation of Formula One and motor racing in
our community reaching out to potential followers and fans, perhaps there will
be possibility of local born drivers flying our national flag at the Formula One
arena in future.
4.4 Potential business opportunities and economic benefits
- 95% agreed that the Grand Prix event will attract more visitors and
provide more business opportunities to the amenities and facilities
nearby. (Q8)
- 74% of the respondents had ever purchased or owned products
and services with their brand names associated with Formula One.
(Q10)
From the cross-tabulation analysis with respondents’ age group, employment
status and had they ever purchased or owned products and services with their
brand names associated with Formula One, the highest percentage with 44%
fall between the age group of 25 to 34 and they are currently full time
employed. Since this group has both the disposal income and being the
highest population, they could be the biggest local market segment that
business will target their products and services for. This segment of
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consumers will be likely be interested in high technology IT products and
gadgetry, entertainment and lifestyles services that could enhance their social
status.
The Grand Prix event will enable opportunities for businesses to increase their
brand awareness to the international audience and drive sales. In addition, it
also provides important opportunities for relationship building through hosting
partners and clients. Companies may invest in the sponsorship to achieve
corporate objectives and sales goals. Local successful home grown
businesses such Creative and Hyflux could associate themselves with
Singapore Grand Prix through one-race sponsorship programme with the
event, facility or with an existing Grand Prix team in return to strengthens their
links with the international business community and promote sales for their
products.
Giant multinational companies use Formula One as billboards for transporting
their products and slogans around the world. Racing teams are globally
recognised for being linked with global brand names such as Marlboro, Mobil,
Canon, Hewlett Packard, Shell, HSBC and Vodafone. As in the case in the
upcoming China Grand Prix, Chellam (2004) noted that Shoulo-Huayan Co.,
China’s largest property development company has signed a one race
sponsorship for the Jordan Grand Prix Team to promote their new upmarket
apartment, the Beijing Chateau which situated in Beijing’s Central Business
District, to market their apartment to both the 1.3 billion people in China and to
create international awareness.
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Major events are catalysts for attracting non-local visitors by increasing their
average spending and the length of stay. Lilley III (1999) noted that Formula
One Grand Prix are among some of the major sporting events that have
unusual huge percentage of the event spectators that are non-locals. For
example in 1997 Austrian Grand Prix, out of the 234,500 spectators during the
race week, 96.5% are non-locals. The nature of the non-local spectators at a
Grand Prix is critical because these visitors typically come for more than one
day and they spend much of their money outside the racing facility and in the
host communities. The multiplier effects will channel the expenditures into
other local retail businesses and contributes to supporting the long term
benefits of the local economies.
In Lilley III (1999), the 1999 Italian Grand Prix not only attracted 41% of
visitors outside Italy, with the collaboration of the Grand Prix event with the
Milan “fashion week”, occupancy reaches 100% for majority of the hotels in
the region and the hotel management charge their high season peak rates.
Restaurants, food and beverages outlets receiving advance bookings and the
revenue increases more than 30% in certain outlets. As Milan area’s has a
world wide niche leadership in the appeal and fabrics, retail outlets of big
name clothing designers such as Armani and Prada reported boost in sales
for their fall and winter collections. Operation hours were extended, with staffs
working extra shifts and temporary staffs hired.
A&EM community support for F1 - 23 - 9/25/2004
Cheng Khim Seng 0370121F
5. Conclusion:
Major event such as Formula One Grand Prix requires a host venue whereby
it could showcase its uniqueness to increase the profile of the destination and
can be designed to act as catalyst for attracting visitors and extend their
length of stay. Every event will produce impacts. In this study, social impact
involves shared experiences which give rise to local pride and potential
economic benefits.
The results shown from the above study has demonstrated that the
hypothesis, our community will support Formula One Grand Prix to be held on
the streets of Singapore has been accepted.
Ultimately, whether or not if the Grand Prix could be made possible will be
dependent on the relevant government agencies involved following a series of
detailed impact studies and economic assessment. Nevertheless, we will be
looking forward to this day when the F1 cars could spin their wheels on our
public roads.
A&EM community support for F1 - 24 - 9/25/2004
Cheng Khim Seng 0370121F
6. References and relevant literature:
• Hotten, R (1998). Formula One – The Business of Winning
• Teh, E WC (1999). TED Case Studies – Formula 1 Racing, The Economy
and The Environment (31 August 1999) (website:
http//.www.american.edu/ted/formula1.htm)
• Bodeen, C (2004). Shanghai Inaugurates F1 Track. Associated Press
Newswires (6 June 2004)
• Lilley III, W and DeFranco, LJ (1999). The Economic Impact of the
European Grands Prix. Federation Internationale de I’Automobile (FIA).
(Chapters 1, 2, 9 & 10)
• Sawer, P and Baracaia, A (2004). We want F1 Grand Prix every year in
London, Says Mayor. The Evening Standard (7 July 2004)
• Garside, K (2004). Livingstone revs up F1 bid. The Daily Telegraph (7 July
2004)
• Tan, EH (2004). Turning to people power to boost tourism. Today (16
August 2004)
• Allen J, Toole WO and McDonnell I (2002). Festival and special event
management
• Henry, A (1997). Grand Prix Circuits
• National Statistical Authority (2004) Census of population 2000. (website:
http://www.singstat.gov.sg/keystats/people.html)
• Catherwood, DW and Van Kirk, RL (1992). The Complete Guide to Special
Event Management - Business Insights, Financial Advice, and Successful
Strategies from Ernst & Young, Advisors to the Olympics, the Emmy
Awards and the PGS Tour
A&EM community support for F1 - 25 - 9/25/2004
Cheng Khim Seng 0370121F
• Khairul, AM (2004). Think about price before thinking of support. The New
Straits Times Press
• Chellam, G (2004). Feature: motor racing – China embraces for Formula
One debut. Reuters News (16 September 2004)
A&EM community support for F1 - 26 - 9/25/2004
Cheng Khim Seng 0370121F
Annex 1: Streets Circuit Venue Map
annex01 9/25/2004
Cheng Khim Seng 0370121F
Annex 2: Survey Questionnaire
annex02 9/25/2004
Questionnaire Introduction Hello! I am running a survey on the support for Formula One Grand Prix race to be held on a temporary street circuit in Singapore. Could you please help me with a few questions? (The results of this survey will be used for academic research purpose) Will you support Formula One Grand Prix race in Singapore? Q1. Have you ever watched a Formula One Grand Prix race? (Either on Television or attended any of the events before)
(Please tick) - YES - NO
Q2. If given a chance for Singapore to host the Formula One Grand Prix race on the streets around Suntec City and City Hall area, would you attend the event?
(Please tick) - YES - NO (Skip Q3 & Q4)
Q3. Who would you attend the race event with?
(Please tick all that apply) - Alone - Friends - Family members - Others Please specify: -----------------------------------------------
Q4. How much would you be willing to pay to attend the 3 days race event?
(Please tick) - Less than S$150 - S$150 to S$300 - Above S$300
Page 1 of 3 (If you have any questions regarding this survey, please email: [email protected])
Q5. If you are not attending the race event, would you watch it on Television?
(Please tick) - YES - NO
Q6. What are the factors that would discourage you to attend or watch the race event?
(Please tick all that apply) - Not interested at all - Venue inconvenient with road closure
- No time; busy with other more important activities
- Ticket price is too expensive and no cable TV at home
- Others Please specify: -----------------------------------------------
Q7. By hosting Formula One Grand Prix race in Singapore, do you think it would enhance our international image that we are capable of hosting world-class sporting events here?
(Please tick) - YES - NO
Q8. By having the Grand Prix race event held in Suntec City and City Hall area, do you think it would attract more visitors (both local and overseas) and provide more business opportunities to the retail shops, hotels and restaurants nearby?
(Please tick) - YES - NO
Q9. If given a chance, would you like to play a part in making this event successful? (Such as volunteers or temporary staffs etc.)
(Please tick) - YES - NO
Page 2 of 3 (If you have any questions regarding this survey, please email: [email protected])
Q10. So far, have you ever purchased and owned any products or services with their brand names that sponsored and associated with Formula One? (Example: Hewlett Packard, AMD, Intel, Panasonic, Shell, DHL & HSBC etc.)
(Please tick) - YES - NO
Demographic Information Q1. What is your gender?
(Please tick) - Male - Female
Q2. Which age category do you fall under?
(Please tick) - Less than 18 - 18 to 24 - 25 to 34 - 35 to 44 - 45 to 54 - 55 to 64 - 65 and above
Q3. What is your employment status?
(Please tick) - Employed : Full time - Employed : Part time - Self-employed - Unemployed - Student - Retired
Thank you for your time to take part in this survey. Enjoy your day!
Page 3 of 3 (If you have any questions regarding this survey, please email: [email protected])
Cheng Khim Seng 0370121F
Annex 3: Breakdown of survey results
annex03 9/25/2004
Freq
uenc
y Ta
ble
135
64.9
64.9
64.9
7335
.135
.110
0.0
208
100.
010
0.0
YES
NO
Tota
l
Valid
Freq
uenc
yP
erce
ntV
alid
Per
cent
Cum
ulat
ive
Per
cent
Cro
ss-ta
bula
tion
823
4912
20
947.
0%20
.2%
43.0
%10
.5%
1.8%
.0%
82.5
%1
79
20
120
.9%
6.1%
7.9%
1.8%
.0%
.9%
17.5
%9
3058
142
111
47.
9%26
.3%
50.9
%12
.3%
1.8%
.9%
100.
0%5
521
44
241
5.3%
5.3%
22.3
%4.
3%4.
3%2.
1%43
.6%
146
226
32
5314
.9%
6.4%
23.4
%6.
4%3.
2%2.
1%56
.4%
1911
4310
74
9420
.2%
11.7
%45
.7%
10.6
%7.
4%4.
3%10
0.0%
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
YE
S
NO
Hav
e yo
u ev
erw
atch
ed a
For
mul
aO
ne G
rand
Prix
race
?
Tota
l
YE
S
NO
Hav
e yo
u ev
erw
atch
ed a
For
mul
aO
ne G
rand
Prix
race
?
Tota
l
Wha
t is
your
gen
der?
Mal
e
Fem
ale
Less
than
18
18 to
24
25 to
34
35 to
44
45 to
54
55 to
64
65 a
nd a
bove
Whi
ch a
ge c
ateg
ory
do y
ou fa
ll un
der?
Tota
l
YES
(65%
)N
O (3
5%)
Q1.
Hav
e yo
u ev
er w
atch
ed a
For
mul
a O
ne G
rand
Pr
ix ra
ce?
Cro
ss-ta
bula
tion
928
4112
20
92
7.9%
24.6
%36
.0%
10.5
%1.
8%.0
%80
.7%
02
172
01
22
.0%
1.8%
14.9
%1.
8%.0
%.9
%19
.3%
930
5814
21
114
7.9%
26.3
%50
.9%
12.3
%1.
8%.9
%10
0.0%
125
325
41
59
12.8
%5.
3%34
.0%
5.3%
4.3%
1.1%
62.8
%
76
115
33
35
7.4%
6.4%
11.7
%5.
3%3.
2%3.
2%37
.2%
1911
4310
74
9420
.2%
11.7
%45
.7%
10.6
%7.
4%4.
3%10
0.0%
Cou
nt
% o
f Tot
al
Cou
nt
% o
f Tot
al
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt
% o
f Tot
al
Cou
nt
% o
f Tot
al
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
YE
S
NO
If gi
ven
a ch
ance
for
Sin
gapo
re to
hos
t the
Form
ula
One
Gra
ndP
rix ra
ce o
n th
e st
reet
sar
ound
Sun
tec
City
and
City
Hal
l are
a, w
ould
you
atte
nd th
e ev
ent?
Tota
l
YE
S
NO
If gi
ven
a ch
ance
for
Sin
gapo
re to
hos
t the
Form
ula
One
Gra
ndP
rix ra
ce o
n th
e st
reet
sar
ound
Sun
tec
City
and
City
Hal
l are
a, w
ould
you
atte
nd th
e ev
ent?
Tota
l
Wha
t is
your
gen
der?
Mal
e
Fem
ale
Less
than
18
18 to
24
25 to
34
35 to
44
45 to
54
55 to
64
65 a
nd a
bove
Whi
ch a
ge c
ateg
ory
do y
ou fa
ll un
der?
Tota
l
YES
(73%
)N
O (2
7%)
Q2.
If g
iven
a c
hanc
e fo
r Sin
gapo
re to
hos
t the
For
mul
a O
ne
Gra
nd P
rix ra
ce o
n th
e st
reet
s ar
ound
Sun
tec
City
and
City
Hal
l ar
ea, w
ould
you
atte
nd th
e ev
ent?
Freq
uenc
y Ta
ble
151
72.6
72.6
72.6
5727
.427
.410
0.0
208
100.
010
0.0
YES
NO
Tota
l
Valid
Freq
uenc
yP
erce
ntV
alid
Per
cent
Cum
ulat
ive
Per
cent
Alon
e (1
%)
Oth
ers
Q3.
Who
wou
ld y
ou a
ttend
the
race
eve
nt w
ith?
Frie
nds
(60%
)O
ther
s
Freq
uenc
y Ta
ble
- Alo
ne
31.
410
0.0
100.
020
598
.620
810
0.0
Alo
neVa
lidSy
stem
Mis
sing
Tota
l
Freq
uenc
yP
erce
ntV
alid
Per
cent
Cum
ulat
ive
Per
cent
Fam
ily
mem
bers
(1
9%)
Oth
ers
Freq
uenc
y Ta
ble
- Frie
nds
125
60.1
100.
010
0.0
8339
.920
810
0.0
Frie
nds
Valid
Syst
emM
issi
ngTo
tal
Freq
uenc
yP
erce
ntV
alid
Per
cent
Cum
ulat
ive
Per
cent
Freq
uenc
y Ta
ble
- Fam
ily m
embe
rs
3918
.810
0.0
100.
0
169
81.3
208
100.
0
Fam
ily m
embe
rsV
alid
Sys
tem
Mis
sing
Tota
l
Freq
uenc
yP
erce
ntV
alid
Per
cent
Cum
ulat
ive
Per
cent
C
ross
-tabu
latio
n - A
ge c
ateg
ory
vs e
mpl
oym
ent s
tatu
s vs
who
do
you
atte
nd th
e ra
ce w
ith?
00
020
20.0
%.0
%.0
%16
.0%
16.0
%11
21
1630
8.8%
1.6%
.8%
12.8
%24
.0%
515
32
6140
.8%
4.0%
2.4%
1.6%
48.8
%8
01
09
6.4%
.0%
.8%
.0%
7.2%
30
10
42.
4%.0
%.8
%.0
%3.
2%1
00
01
.8%
.0%
.0%
.0%
.8%
747
638
125
59.2
%5.
6%4.
8%30
.4%
100.
0%
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Less
than
18
18 to
24
25 to
34
35 to
44
45 to
54
55 to
64
Whi
ch a
geca
tego
ry d
oyo
u fa
llun
der?
Tota
l
Who
wou
ld y
ou a
ttend
the
race
eve
nt w
ith?
Frie
nds
Empl
oyed
:Fu
ll tim
eSe
lf-em
ploy
edU
nem
ploy
edSt
uden
t
Wha
t is
your
em
ploy
men
t sta
tus?
Tota
l
Cro
ss-ta
bula
tion
- Age
cat
egor
y vs
em
ploy
men
t sta
tus
vs w
ho d
o yo
u at
tend
the
race
with
?
00
010
10.0
%.0
%.0
%25
.6%
25.6
%0
00
11
.0%
.0%
.0%
2.6%
2.6%
150
00
1538
.5%
.0%
.0%
.0%
38.5
%9
01
010
23.1
%.0
%2.
6%.0
%25
.6%
11
10
32.
6%2.
6%2.
6%.0
%7.
7%25
12
1139
64.1
%2.
6%5.
1%28
.2%
100.
0%
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Less
than
18
18 to
24
25 to
34
35 to
44
45 to
54
Whi
ch a
geca
tego
rydo
you
fall
unde
r?
Tota
l
Who
wou
ld y
ou a
ttend
the
race
eve
nt w
ith?
Fam
ily m
embe
rs
Empl
oyed
:Fu
ll tim
eSe
lf-em
ploy
edU
nem
ploy
edSt
uden
t
Wha
t is
your
em
ploy
men
t sta
tus?
Tota
l
Less
than
S$
150
S$15
0 to
S$
300
Abo
ve
S$30
0N
ot
atte
ndin
g
Q4.
How
muc
h w
ould
you
be
will
ing
to p
ay to
at
tend
the
3 da
ys ra
ce e
vent
?
Freq
uenc
y Ta
ble
121
58.2
80.1
80.1
2311
.115
.295
.47
3.4
4.6
100.
015
172
.610
0.0
5727
.420
810
0.0
Less
than
S$1
50
S$1
50 to
S$3
00A
bove
S$3
00To
tal
Val
id
Sys
tem
Mis
sing
Tota
l
Freq
uenc
yP
erce
ntV
alid
Per
cent
Cum
ulat
ive
Per
cent
Cro
ss-ta
bula
tion
- Age
cat
egor
y vs
em
ploy
men
t sta
tus
vs H
ow m
uch
wou
ld y
ou b
e w
illin
g to
pay
to a
ttend
the
3 da
ys ra
ce e
vent
?
00
018
18.0
%.0
%.0
%14
.9%
14.9
%11
11
1124
9.1%
.8%
.8%
9.1%
19.8
%55
33
263
45.5
%2.
5%2.
5%1.
7%52
.1%
110
10
129.
1%.0
%.8
%.0
%9.
9%2
11
04
1.7%
.8%
.8%
.0%
3.3%
795
631
121
65.3
%4.
1%5.
0%25
.6%
100.
0%0
02
2.0
%.0
%8.
7%8.
7%1
15
74.
3%4.
3%21
.7%
30.4
%7
10
830
.4%
4.3%
.0%
34.8
%4
00
417
.4%
.0%
.0%
17.4
%2
00
28.
7%.0
%.0
%8.
7%14
27
2360
.9%
8.7%
30.4
%10
0.0%
00
11
.0%
.0%
14.3
%14
.3%
41
05
57.1
%14
.3%
.0%
71.4
%1
00
114
.3%
.0%
.0%
14.3
%5
11
771
.4%
14.3
%14
.3%
100.
0%
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Less
than
18
18 to
24
25 to
34
35 to
44
45 to
54
Whi
ch a
geca
tego
rydo
you
fall
unde
r?
Tota
l
Less
than
18
18 to
24
25 to
34
35 to
44
45 to
54
Whi
ch a
geca
tego
rydo
you
fall
unde
r?
Tota
l
Less
than
18
25 to
34
35 to
44
Whi
ch a
geca
tego
rydo
you
fall
unde
r?
Tota
l
How
muc
h w
ould
you
be
will
ing
to p
ay to
atte
ndth
e 3
days
race
eve
nt?
Less
than
S$1
50
S$15
0 to
S$3
00
Abo
ve S
$300
Empl
oyed
:Fu
ll tim
eS
elf-e
mpl
oyed
Une
mpl
oyed
Stu
dent
Wha
t is
your
em
ploy
men
t sta
tus?
Tota
l
Freq
uenc
y Ta
ble
147
70.7
72.1
72.1
5727
.427
.910
0.0
204
98.1
100.
04
1.9
208
100.
0
YES
NO
Tota
l
Val
id
Sys
tem
Mis
sing
Tota
l
Freq
uenc
yP
erce
ntV
alid
Per
cent
Cum
ulat
ive
Per
cent
YES NO
Oth
ers
Q5.
If y
ou a
re n
ot a
ttend
ing
the
race
eve
nt, w
ould
you
wat
ch it
on
Tel
evis
ion?
Cro
ss-ta
bula
tion
7944
123
53.7
%29
.9%
83.7
%11
1324
7.5%
8.8%
16.3
%90
5714
761
.2%
38.8
%10
0.0%
1410
2424
.6%
17.5
%42
.1%
825
3314
.0%
43.9
%57
.9%
2235
5738
.6%
61.4
%10
0.0%
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
YES
NO
If yo
u ar
e no
t atte
ndin
g th
era
ce e
vent
, wou
ld y
ouw
atch
it o
n Te
levi
sion
?
Tota
l
YES
NO
If yo
u ar
e no
t atte
ndin
g th
era
ce e
vent
, wou
ld y
ouw
atch
it o
n Te
levi
sion
?
Tota
l
If gi
ven
a ch
ance
for
Sin
gapo
re to
hos
t the
Fl
OG
dY
ES
NO
Mal
eFe
mal
eW
hat i
s yo
ur g
ende
r?To
tal
Q6. What are the factors that would discourage you to attend or watch the race event?
Frequency table - Not interested at all
47 22.6 100.0 100.0
161 77.4208 100.0
Not interested atall
Valid
SystemMissingTotal
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Frequency table - Venue inconvenient with road closure
29 13.9 100.0 100.0
179 86.1208 100.0
Venueinconvenient withroad closure
Valid
SystemMissingTotal
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Frequency table - No time; busy with other more important activities
46 22.1 100.0 100.0
162 77.9208 100.0
No time; busy with othermore importantactivities
Valid
SystemMissingTotal
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Q6. What are the factors that would discourage you to attend or watch the race event?
Frequency table - Ticket price too expensive and no cable TV at home
102 49.0 100.0 100.0
106 51.0208 100.0
Ticket price istoo expensiveand no cable TVat home
Valid
SystemMissingTotal
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Frequency table - Others
5 2.4 41.7 41.7
2 1.0 16.7 58.31 .5 8.3 66.7
3 1.4 25.0 91.7
1 .5 8.3 100.012 5.8 100.0
196 94.2208 100.0
None. Will sure bethere!Safety concernToo old for such eventToo crowded and limitedspaceLimited audienceTotal
Valid
SystemMissingTotal
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
CumulativePercent
YES
(91%
)N
O (9
%)
Q7.
By
host
ing
Form
ula
One
Gra
nd P
rix ra
ce in
Sin
gapo
re, d
o yo
u th
ink
it w
ould
enh
ance
our
inte
rnat
iona
l im
age
that
we
are
capa
ble
of h
ostin
g w
orld
-cla
ss s
port
ing
even
ts h
ere?
Freq
uenc
y ta
ble
190
91.3
91.3
91.3
188.
78.
710
0.0
208
100.
010
0.0
YES
NO
Tota
l
Valid
Freq
uenc
yP
erce
ntV
alid
Per
cent
Cum
ulat
ive
Per
cent
Freq
uenc
y ta
ble
198
95.2
95.2
95.2
104.
84.
810
0.0
208
100.
010
0.0
YES
NO
Tota
l
Valid
Freq
uenc
yP
erce
ntV
alid
Per
cent
Cum
ulat
ive
Per
cent
YES
(95%
)N
O (5
%)
Q8.
By
havi
ng th
e G
rand
Prix
race
eve
nt h
eld
in S
unte
c C
ity a
nd
City
Hal
l are
a, d
o yo
u th
ink
it w
ould
attr
act m
ore
visi
tors
(bot
h lo
cal
and
over
seas
) and
pro
vide
mor
e bu
sine
ss o
ppor
tuni
ties
to th
e re
tail
shop
s, h
otel
s an
d re
stau
rant
s ne
arby
?
Freq
uenc
y ta
ble
123
59.1
59.4
59.4
8440
.440
.610
0.0
207
99.5
100.
01
.520
810
0.0
YES
NO
Tota
l
Val
id
Sys
tem
Mis
sing
Tota
l
Freq
uenc
yP
erce
ntV
alid
Per
cent
Cum
ulat
ive
Per
cent
YES
(59%
)N
O (4
0%)
Oth
ers
(1%
)
Q9.
If g
iven
a c
hanc
e, w
ould
you
like
to p
lay
a pa
rt in
mak
ing
this
eve
nt s
ucce
ssfu
l?
Freq
uenc
y ta
ble
154
74.0
74.4
74.4
5325
.525
.610
0.0
207
99.5
100.
01
.520
810
0.0
YES
NO
Tota
l
Val
id
Sys
tem
Mis
sing
Tota
l
Freq
uenc
yP
erce
ntV
alid
Per
cent
Cum
ulat
ive
Per
cent
YES
(74%
)N
O (2
5%)
Oth
ers
(1%
)
Q10
. So
far,
have
you
eve
r pur
chas
ed a
nd o
wne
d an
y pr
oduc
ts o
r ser
vice
s w
ith th
eir b
rand
nam
es th
at s
pons
ored
an
d as
soci
ated
with
For
mul
a O
ne?
oss-
tabu
latio
n - A
ge c
ateg
ory
vs e
mpl
oym
ent s
tatu
s vs
hav
e yo
u ev
er p
urch
ased
and
ow
ned
any
prod
ucts
or s
ervi
ces
with
thei
r bra
nd n
ames
that
spo
nsor
ed a
nas
soci
ated
with
For
mul
a O
ne?
00
00
180
18.0
%.0
%.0
%.0
%11
.7%
.0%
11.7
%16
11
114
033
10.4
%.6
%.6
%.6
%9.
1%.0
%21
.4%
680
51
30
7744
.2%
.0%
3.2%
.6%
1.9%
.0%
50.0
%15
12
10
019
9.7%
.6%
1.3%
.6%
.0%
.0%
12.3
%4
00
10
16
2.6%
.0%
.0%
.6%
.0%
.6%
3.9%
00
00
01
1.0
%.0
%.0
%.0
%.0
%.6
%.6
%10
32
84
352
154
66.9
%1.
3%5.
2%2.
6%22
.7%
1.3%
100.
0%0
00
100
10.0
%.0
%.0
%18
.9%
.0%
18.9
%2
20
40
83.
8%3.
8%.0
%7.
5%.0
%15
.1%
202
20
024
37.7
%3.
8%3.
8%.0
%.0
%45
.3%
50
00
05
9.4%
.0%
.0%
.0%
.0%
9.4%
21
00
03
3.8%
1.9%
.0%
.0%
.0%
5.7%
10
00
12
1.9%
.0%
.0%
.0%
1.9%
3.8%
00
00
11
.0%
.0%
.0%
.0%
1.9%
1.9%
305
214
253
56.6
%9.
4%3.
8%26
.4%
3.8%
100.
0%
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Cou
nt%
of T
otal
Less
than
18
18 to
24
25 to
34
35 to
44
45 to
54
55 to
64
Whi
ch a
geca
tego
ry d
oyo
u fa
llun
der?
Tota
l
Less
than
18
18 to
24
25 to
34
35 to
44
45 to
54
55 to
64
65 a
nd a
bove
Whi
ch a
geca
tego
ry d
oyo
u fa
llun
der?
Tota
l
So
far,
have
you
eve
rpu
rcha
sed
and
owne
dan
y pr
oduc
ts o
r ser
vice
sith
thi
bd
YES
NO
Empl
oyed
:Fu
ll tim
eE
mpl
oyed
:P
art t
ime
Sel
f-em
ploy
edU
nem
ploy
edS
tude
ntR
etire
d
Wha
t is
your
em
ploy
men
t sta
tus?
Tota
l