FAO Partnerships on health risk and control of influenza and emerging
zoonoses
SAAHRI Meeting, April 3, 2013
Cairo, Egypt
Yilma Jobre Makonnen
Presentation Outline
FAO - Animal Health Service
FAO’s Partners and collaborations
Emphasis on OFFLU
An overview on ‘One Health’
The situation in Egypt Current and planned work
FAO - Animal Health Service Functional Units
EMPRES-Animal Health
ECTAD – AGA and TCE
CMC-AH – AGA and TCE
Regional support units
VPH Group – zoonotic diseases, food-borne, endemic disease burdens (‘neglected zoonoses”)
Parasite/Vector Group (endemic disease burdens; production diseases)
FAO’s Partners and collaborations GOs (MoALR, MoHP,….)
NGOs
UN Agencies (WHO, UNICEF, UNSIC, …)
Other International Organizations (NAMRU-3, CDC, … )
Donors
FAO-WHO-OIE Collaboration
GF-TADs – FAO/OIE
GLEWS – FAO/OIE/WHO
OIE’s WAHIS and WAHID Contributes
INFOSAN (WHO-FAO) National and regional food safety issues
OFFLU – OIE-FAO Expertise in Animal Influenza
OIE Thematic Working Group –Animal Production and Food Safety (FAO-WHO participate)
FAO Biological Safety Risks (WHO contributes)
Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) – Joint FAO-WHO Food standards Program (OIE Contributes)
The Global Framework for Progressive Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (GF-TADs)
GF-TADs is a joint FAO/OIE initiative
Combines the strengths of both organizations to achieve agreed common objectives.
It’s a facilitation mechanism that will endeavour to:
empower regional alliances in the fight against TADs
provide for capacity building
assist in establishing programmes for the specific control of certain TADs based on regional priorities
Major contribution to the global eradication of Rinderpest
Cont…
With EUFMD Secretariat at FAO HQs, FAO and OIE promote PCP for FMD control
8
OIE official data
FAO animal Health information
Unofficial information - Rumors
The Global Early Warning System (GLEWS)
It is a joint system that builds
on the added value of combining and coordinating the alert and disease intelligence mechanisms of OIE, FAO and WHO for the international community and stakeholders to assist in prediction, prevention and control of animal disease threats, including zoonoses, through sharing of information, epidemiological analysis and joint risk assessment
OFFLU
It’s an OIE-FAO global network of expertise on animal influenza
Aims to reduce the negative impacts of animal influenza viruses by promoting effective collaboration between animal and public health sectors
Implemented the vaccine efficacy project with NLQP and other Partners
Currently partnering in the DOC vaccination study
OFFLU Objectives
• Offer technical advice and veterinary expertise to Member Countries
• Exchange scientific data and biological materials between vet labs
• Highlight, promote development and ensure coordination of avian influenza research needs
• Collaborate with the WHO influenza network
OFFLU Technical Expertise Ten OIE/FAO Reference Laboratories (and CC) for
Avian/animal influenza and Newcastle
Open network; expertise from diagnostic laboratories, research and academic institutes (virology, epidemiology, vaccinology, and molecular biology)
Two OFFLU focal points (FAO and OIE)
OFFLU dedicated scientists
OFFLU geographical focal points (regional)
Expert groups for technical activities
Technical meetings with OFFLU contributors, mailing
OFFLU network animal influenza laboratories
OFFLU laboratories include OIE Reference Laboratories for avianinfluenza and for equine influenza, FAO Reference Centres for avianinfluenza, and OFFLU regional laboratory contacts for swineinfluenza and avian influenza
OFFLU technical activities1. Biosafety and biosecurity*
2. Applied epidemiology*
3. Diagnostic kits
4. H5 standard sera
5. RNA standards*
6. Vaccines/Vaccination
7. Proficiency testing*
8. Capacity building
9. Swine influenza group*
10. Gene observatory** activities which involve WHO
7. Proficiency testing (PT) Guidance on harmonisation of approaches
to PT for AI diagnosis
A questionnaire sent to organizers of proficiency tests to see how OFFLU labs organize them and how to standardise
Review of PT results in various regions (Africa, Europe, SE Asia, the US) to provide a global picture of vet labs
First PT for OIE/FAO Ref labs/centres (organized by NVSL and FLI) in 2011
8. Capacity Building
Development of an OFFLU training facility on the OFFLU website (links,
videos, e-learning influenza module)
Tools for candidate selection
Follow-up of training
OFFLU directory of trainings and trainees
To harmonize training and improve training efficacy
9. OFFLU swine influenza group Created in 2010
Group includes leading animal health and public health researchers
• To address targeted influenza surveillance in pigs, harmonize approaches, advocate for increased targeted surveillance in pigs, and provide a platform for data exchange
10. Gene Observatory ‘One Flu’
great role to be played by the animal health sector at the human-animal interface
based on strengthened linkage between epidemiology geo/temporal and molecular data
support risk assessment for animal/human influenza threats
The genetic module of the FAO Empres-i database
Automatic transfer of data
Virus information
OpenFluDB
Sequence ID number
EMPRES-i
Virus information
OFFLU technical projects
• 2 projects on selection of avian influenza vaccines types/strains: Indonesia and Egypt (implemented by FAO)
• 1 project on validation of LAMP testing (implemented by FLI)
• Evaluation of a pseudotype-based neutralization assay (30% FAO funded, implemented by IZSVe)
OIE Resolution (May 2008) ‘Sharing of AI viral
material and information in support of global AI prevention and control’
Ongoing collaborative projects and exchanges
Encourage the use of several publicly available databases that meet OFFLU’s needs
Supporting shipment of materials ([email protected])
MTA available on OFFLU website
Sharing of information and material
OFFLU and sequence databases
OFFLU advocates the use of publicly available sequence databases
A list is of databases is available on the website
Scientists should choose the one that best suits their needs
Collaboration with WHO: animal-human interface
Sharing of important surveillance data and technical information (GLEWS platform)
Joint OFFLU-WHO meetings/conferences/projects
OFFLU involvement in WHO meetings and vice-versa
Joint decisions (eg virus nomenclature)
OFFLU/WHO Technical collaboration
WHO influenza Vaccine Composition Meeting
Formalization (since January 2010) of OFFLU contribution
Develop a mechanism; coordination with OFFLU contributors
3 OFFLU labs: AAHL, IZSVe, VLA for Hi testing with ferret antisera
FAO : technical platform for collection and review of epi and virus information
Examine implications of WHO frameworks for animal health labs, eg PIP framework
OFFLU experts participate in WHO working groups and WHO experts to OFFLU Technical Activities
Contribution to the WHO Influenza Research Agenda
Ecosystem Health
AnimalHealth
HumanHealth
One Health
The ‘One Health’ approach can be best defined
as a collaborative, international, cross-sectoral,
multidisciplinary mechanism to address threats
and reduce risks of detrimental infectious
diseases at the animal-human-ecosystem
interface.
Disease emergence can no longer be seen in isolation but must now be viewed
alongside a continuum of climatic changes, natural resource management, agricultural
intensification, land utilization patterns, trade globalization, and shifting farming, food
distribution and marketing systems.
Multidisciplinarity of One Health
Marketing and Trade
Socio-Economics
Agro-Ecosystemsand Land Use
Fisheries
Policies and Legislation
Policies and Legislation
AnimalProduction and Feed Safety
Animal Health and Food Safety
Wildlife
Domestic
public health
food
farming
scavengers -birds
rodentscarnivoresbats
insects
foodchain
naturallandscape
waste
farming landscape
food cycle
health
WHO
IFA – EMPRES/
FCC MF
OIE
FAO/WHO
Codex
IUCN, MEA, UNEP
AGAH
animal health
eco-health
food safety
IPPC
IPM
Marketing and Trade
Socio-Economics
Agro-Ecosystemsand Land Use
Fisheries
Policies and Legislation
Policies and Legislation
AnimalProduction and Feed Safety
Animal Health and Food Safety
Wildlife
Domestic
Agriculture and Consumer Protection
Natural Resources Mgmt and Environment
Forestry
Technical Cooperation
Communications
Legal Service
Economic and Social Development
Fisheriesand Aquaculture
One
Health
Setting the scene - Egypt
•High poultry population and density
•A/H5N1 reportedly introduced in 2006, currently widespread and
endemic
•Weak biosecurity
•Huge mistrust between the public and private sector – weak PPP
•Disease prevalence high and sporadic human infections
•Heavy reliance on AI vaccination without any monitoring (currently 41
vaccines on market)
•Various measures put in place proved ineffective
• need to reinvigorate the entire animal health system and create an
enabling environment for disease control
Revised Strategy
Animal Health and Livelihood Sustainability Strategy
Revised 2010
Joint United Nations Assessment of Government of Egypt H5N1 Control Efforts6-16 December 2009
Animal Health and Livelihood Sustainability Strategy (Revised 2010)
• Paradigm shift in thinking: From emergency to longer-term risk reduction
• Phased approach of critical measures along the poultry value and market chain
• Control
• Consolidation
• Elimination/eradication
• Challenges in implementation
• Strategy is still valid and serves as reference for HPAI endemic countries
Current and planned work
• Sustaining essential animal health activities (Epidemiology, Biosecurity and coordination) – awaiting the enabling conditions for full-scale implementation of the revised strategy
• Rationalizing the AI vaccination strategy in Egypt
• Advocate for close collaboration with the private sector
• Promote and value effective vaccine/vaccination and monitoring - with an exit strategy
• Assess the potential use of DOC vaccine using HVT AI Vectored vaccine for the control of A/H5N1 HPAI in Egypt
• Promoting public-private partnerships (PPP) and 4-way linking between the animal and public health sectors
• Strengthen institutional capacity and harmonization of response actions