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Experiments
● Not naturalistic● Asks: What is the effect of X on Y
– Examples● What is effect of cultural adaptation on L2 proficiency?● What is the effect of color on vowel perception?● What is the effect of gender of pitch variation?● What is the effect of teaching method on L2 acquisition?● How does time influence the use of end up VERBing
expressions?
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Experiments
● Methodology– Control everything, but the X
● Similar genders, ages, time, materials when comparing groups– Can you compare 8:00 class with 2:00 class?– BYU grads are better in languages, therefore, BYU's methodology is better
● Double blind● Large enough sample size● Internal validity-Does it measure what it's supposed to?
– Galileo measuring speed of light● External validity
– Is it representative of language outside of the experiment
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Experiments
● What is the influence of recent experience on word recognition?– 2 groups
● 1 heard story about sailors● 1 heard story about violence
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Experiments
● What is the influence of recent experience on word recognition?– 2 groups
● 1 heard story about sailors● 1 heard story about violence
– What word is this?:R * P E
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Experiments
● What is the influence of recent experience on word recognition?– 2 groups
● 1 heard story about sailors● 1 heard story about violence
– What word is this?:R * P E– “Let virtue garnish they thoughts . . .”
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Experiments
● Is linguistic processing separate from other processing?– Say the words as fast as you can
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Experiments
● Is linguistic processing separate from other processing?– Say the words as fast as you can– RED
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Experiments
● Is linguistic processing separate from other processing?– Say the words as fast as you can– PURPLE
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Experiments
● Is linguistic processing separate from other processing?– Say the words as fast as you can– GREEN
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Experiments
● Is linguistic processing separate from other processing?– Say the words as fast as you can– YELLOW
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Experiments
● Is linguistic processing separate from other processing?– Say the words as fast as you can– PINK
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Experiments
● Is linguistic processing separate from other processing?– Say the words as fast as you can– BLUE
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Experiments
● Is linguistic processing separate from other processing?– Say the words as fast as you can– BLUE
● This is called the Stroop effect.
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Experiments
● Do linguistic sounds have meaning by themselves?– Which word means pounding?
● Foff or boff?– Which word relates to shining?
● Glafe or slafe?
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Experiments
● Do linguistic sounds have meaning by themselves?– Which word means pounding?
● Foff or boff?– Which word relates to shining?
● Glafe or slafe?– Could these words affect boff?
● banged, beaten, battered, bruised, blistered and bashed
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Experiments
● Do linguistic sounds have meaning by themselves?– Which word means pounding?
● Foff or boff?– Which word relates to shining?
● Glafe or slafe?– Could these words affect boff?
● banged, beaten, battered, bruised, blistered and bashed– Could these words affect glafe?
● glow, gleam, glimmer, glare, glisten, glitter
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Experiments
● What do words mean for kids?– Which is the big one?
● Kids choose square in a and b
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Experiments
● What do words mean for kids?– Which is the tall one?
● Kids choose square in a and b
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Experiments
● What do words mean for kids?– Which is the long one?
● Kids choose square in a and b
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Experiments
● What do big, tall, and long mean for kids?
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Experiment
Read word pairs in black silently
Say word pairs in red out loud
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Experiment
ball doze
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Experiment
ball dozebash door
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Experiment
ball dozebash doorbean deck
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Experiment
ball dozebash doorbean deckbell dark
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Experiment
ball dozebash doorbean deckbell darkdarn bore
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Experiment
big dutch
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Experiment
big dutchbang doll
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Experiment
big dutchbang dollbill deal
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Experiment
big dutchbang dollbill dealbark dog
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Experiment
big dutchbang dollbill dealbark dogdart board
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Induced speech errors
big dutchbang dollbill dealbark dogdart board
ball dozebash doorbean deckbell darkdarn bore
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Presentation software
● Used to do stroop and induced speech errors● Lexical decision task● Play sound, show picture, get verbal response, keyboard response● Psyscope, DMDX
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Eye tracking
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Eye tracking
● Saccade● Movements of eyes during reading
● Regression● Saccades that move backward
● Fixation● Time we spend looking at a certain location
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Eye tracking
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Eye tracking
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Eye tracking
● We read in saccades● Fixations are about 14 characters long● Better readers have fewer regressions and fixations
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Eye tracking
● Uses in marketing
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Eye tracking
● Uses in marketing
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Eye tracking
● Non linguistic uses