Download - ERP project mgt approach
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ERP and project Management
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Enterprise Systems
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ERP Project management
1 Project Integration Management
2 Project Scope Management
3 Project Time Management
1.1 Project Plan Development 2.1 Initiation 3.1 Activity Definition
1.2 Project Plan Execution 2.2 Scope Planning 3.2 Activity Sequencing
1.3 Integrated Change Control 2.3 Scope Definition 3.3 Activity Duration Estimating
2.4 Scope Verification 3.4 Schedule Development
2.5 Scope Change Control 3.5 Schedule Control
4 Project Cost Management
5 Project Quality Management
6 Project Human Resource Management
4.1 Resource Planning 5.1 Quality Planning 6.1 Organisational Planning
4.2 Cost Estimating 5.2 Quality Assurance 6.2 Staff Acquisition
4.3 Cost Budgeting 5.3 Quality Control 6.3 Team Development
4.4 Cost Control
7 Project Communications Management
8 Project Risk Management
9 Project Procurement Management
7.1 Communications Planning 8.1 Risk Identification 9.1 Procurement Planning
7.2 Information Distribution 8.2 Quantitative Risk Analysis 9.2 Solicitation Planning
7.3 Performance Reporting 8.3 Risk Response Planning 9.3 Solicitation
7.4 Administrative 8.4 Risk Monitoring and Control 9.4 Source Selection
9.5 Contract Administration
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A number of factors will effect the success or failure of a systems
project
Operational methods and techniques
Business management and style
Leadership and communications
Risk factors
Organizational factors, management support, software design, the levels of
user involvement, and the scope and size of the project itself
Implementation risks for technologies, the organization, and human resource
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Factors Influencing Information Systems Project Success
Number of modifications
Effective communications
Authority for project implementation
Business management
Ability to generate additional funds to cover implementation
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Factors Causing ERP Project Failures
Poor technical methods
Communication failures
Poor leadership
Initial evaluation of project
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ERP Systems
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Risk Factors
Organizational factors
Changes in scope
Sufficiency of resources
Magnitude of potential loss
Departmental conflicts
User experience
Management support
Changing requirements and scope
Lack of commitment
Software design
Developing wrong functions, wrong user interface
Problems with outsourced components
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Risk Factors, cont………….inued
User involvement Lack of commitment
Ineffective communication
Conflicts
Inadequate familiarity with technologies
Project management Size and structure
Control functions
Project escalation Societal norms
Continue pouring resources into sinking ships
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Implementation Risks
Technology
Consistencies with current infrastructure
Organizational
Customization increases risks
Redesign of business processes to fit package decreases risk
Human resource factors
IT staff skills and expertise
Project size
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Managing Large-Scale Projects
MRP or ERP
Package implementation differs from custom implementation
Vendor participation
User skills and capabilities
Management commitment
Project champion
Communication with stakeholders
Training in MRP
Good project management
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Managing ERP Projects
Implementation factors
Re-engineering business processes
Changing corporate culture
Project team
Include business analysts on project team
Management support
Commitment to change
Risk management
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Factors in Successful ERP Projects
Customization
Increases time and cost
BPR advantage from “best practices” adoptions lost
Use of external consultants
Offer expertise in cross-functional business processes
Problems arise when internal IT department not involved
Supplier relationship management
Need effective relationships to facilitate and monitor contracts
Change management
People are resistant to change
Organizational culture fostering open communications
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Project-Related Factors
Project division into subprojects
Project leader with proven track record
Project focus on user needs instead of technology
Project champion
Slack time in project schedule
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Additional Factors in the Success of a Project
User training
Focus on business, not just technical
Critical
Management reporting requirements
May need to add query and reporting tools
Technological challenges
Data conversion
Interface development
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CASE
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FoxMeyer versus Dow Chemical
FoxMeyer
Project went over budget because of new client
Implemented two new systems at same time
Technical issues with the ERP software
No open communications
Unrealistic expectations on ROI
Dow
Had project implementation problems
Dow had strong leadership and project champion
Was able to adjust scope and maintain control
Fostered open communications
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Featured Article: FoxMeyer’s Project Was a Disaster. Was the Company Too Aggressive or Was It
Misled?
Was FoxMeyer misled?
What strategies could have been put into place to avoid the project
disaster?
What business misjudgments occurred?
Was FoxMeyer’s failure due to technology failure or business failure?
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Featured Article: FoxMeyer’s Project Was a Disaster. Was the Company Too Aggressive or Was It Misled?, continued
Nation’s fourth largest pharmaceutical distributor
1990s engaged in enterprise-wide software and warehouse automation
project
Filed Chapter 11 in 1996
Claimed to be misled by SAP, Anderson Consulting, Pinnacle Automation
Claimed vendors oversold capabilities
Computer integration problems topped $100 million
Vendors blame management
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Featured Article: FoxMeyer’s Project Was a Disaster. Was the Company Too Aggressive or Was It Misled?, continued
Background
FoxMeyer had orders for over 300,000 items per day, anticipated much
growth
Processing hundreds of thousands of transactions each day
Old system was Unisys mainframe
Wanted scalable client/server system
Tested SAP’s software on both DEC and HP against benchmarks
Implementations scheduled by Andersen for 18 months
Modules to be implemented in 2-3 months
Unrealistic – could take up to 12 months
All modules fast-tracked
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Featured Article: FoxMeyer’s Project Was a Disaster. Was the Company Too Aggressive or Was It Misled?, continued
Two systems for most important business systems
SAP supplied the accounting and manufacturing software
Claims volume was issue
Warehouse system from McHugh Software International
Purchased through Pinnacle
Pinnacle also supplied some hardware
Added complexities to project
Functional holes in systems
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Featured Article: FoxMeyer’s Project Was a Disaster. Was the Company Too Aggressive or Was It Misled?, continued
FoxMeyer strategies
High volume
Low price
Anticipated savings from new computer system
Wanted to win market share by further price-cutting
Hoped new system would be more efficient, but did not
improve processes
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Featured Article: FoxMeyer’s Project Was a Disaster. Was the Company Too Aggressive or Was It Misled?, continued
FoxMeyer got major new client
Out of capacity of mainframe
Issues on balancing system traffic
Unisys-based management system eventually failed
Information wasn’t being received timely
FoxMeyer suffered losses in transferring inventory to new centers
Customers received incorrect shipments
New customer didn’t deliver expected volume
FoxMeyer overspent
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Summary, continued
Success in ERP projects includes factoring in Consideration of customizations, use of external
consultants, management of supplier relationships, establishing metrics, and change management
Project-related concerns Technological changes, user training, and
management requirements