ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND
OPPORTUNITIES ATOPPORTUNITIES AT
SAUDI ARAMCO SAUDI ARAMCO
RAMZI HEJAZI
Saudi AramcoOctober 2010
© Copyright 2010, Saudi Aramco. All Rights Reserved.
Saudi Aramco FacilitiesSaudi Aramco Facilities
The Beginning of Oil in Saudi ArabiaThe Beginning of Oil in Saudi Arabia
•• May 29,1933May 29,1933
Saudi Aramco Milestone DatesSaudi Aramco Milestone Dates
•• 1933 1933 -- Saudi Arabia grants oil Saudi Arabia grants oil
concession to California Arabian concession to California Arabian
Standard Oil Company*. Oil Standard Oil Company*. Oil
prospecting begins. prospecting begins.
•• 1938 1938 -- Kingdom's first commercial oil Kingdom's first commercial oil
field discovered at Dhahran. Crude is field discovered at Dhahran. Crude is
exported by barge to Bahrain.exported by barge to Bahrain.
•• 1945 1945 -- Ras Tanura Refinery begins Ras Tanura Refinery begins
operations. operations.
•• 1980 1980 -- Saudi Government acquires 100 Saudi Government acquires 100
percent participation interest in percent participation interest in
Aramco.Aramco.
•* Affiliate of Standard Oil of California, today's Chevron
Upstream OperationsUpstream Operations
•• 96 oil and gas fields96 oil and gas fields
•• 320 reservoir 320 reservoir
accumulationsaccumulations
•• 260 billion barrels, one260 billion barrels, one--
fourth of the worldfourth of the world’’s s
proven oil reservesproven oil reserves
•• 12 million bbl/d oil 12 million bbl/d oil
production capacityproduction capacity
•• 5 Grades of Crude Oil5 Grades of Crude Oil
•• 275 trillion SCF of gas 275 trillion SCF of gas
reservesreserves
•0 •100 •200
•Miles
•300
• 7 in-Kingdom refineries (3 JVs)
• 3 new Joint Ventures under development (plus Export)
• Refining and Petrochemical Complex Development
• 9.4 BSCFD gas processing capacity
• 70 MM barrels of crude oil storage
• 24,000 km hydrocarbon pipelines
• 2 GW in-house power generation capacity
• Fleet of 23 VLCCs and 5 products tankers
Downstream OperationsDownstream Operations
•• 11963: Issue First Corporate Environmental Policy Statement963: Issue First Corporate Environmental Policy Statement
•• 1982: First Landfarm at RT Refinery1982: First Landfarm at RT Refinery
•• 1986: First Inventory of Industrial Solid Waste1986: First Inventory of Industrial Solid Waste
•• 1993: First Contractor Waste Disposal Facility 1993: First Contractor Waste Disposal Facility
•• 1993: Waste Minimization Program 1993: Waste Minimization Program
•• 1998: Establishment of EPD1998: Establishment of EPD
•• 1999: Launch Industrial Waste Management Program1999: Launch Industrial Waste Management Program
•• 2001: Develop Environmental Master Plan2001: Develop Environmental Master Plan
•• 2001: Create Environmental Technology Focus Team2001: Create Environmental Technology Focus Team
•• 2004: Proactive Approach: 10 Years Strategy2004: Proactive Approach: 10 Years Strategy
History of Environmental Protection at History of Environmental Protection at Saudi AramcoSaudi Aramco
067Distribution Control No.
POLICY MANUAL
•• 11963: Issue First Corporate Environmental Policy Statement963: Issue First Corporate Environmental Policy Statement
•• 1982: From Storage to Treatment: First Landfarm 1982: From Storage to Treatment: First Landfarm
•• 1986: First Inventory of Industrial Solid Waste1986: First Inventory of Industrial Solid Waste
•• 1993: First Contractor Waste Disposal Facility 1993: First Contractor Waste Disposal Facility
•• 1993: Waste Minimization Program 1993: Waste Minimization Program
•• 1998: Establishment of EPD1998: Establishment of EPD
•• 1999: Launch Industrial Waste Management Program1999: Launch Industrial Waste Management Program
•• 2001: Develop Environmental Master Plan2001: Develop Environmental Master Plan
•• 2001: Create Environmental Technology Focus Team2001: Create Environmental Technology Focus Team
•• 2004: Proactive Approach: 10 Years Strategy2004: Proactive Approach: 10 Years Strategy
History of Environmental Protection at History of Environmental Protection at Saudi AramcoSaudi Aramco
�� Office trash and garbageOffice trash and garbage
�� Empty drums/containersEmpty drums/containers
�� Construction debris (concrete, rubble, Construction debris (concrete, rubble, glass)glass)
�� Scrap (metal, wood)Scrap (metal, wood)
�� Discarded equipment and furniture (nonDiscarded equipment and furniture (non--contaminated)contaminated)
�� Industrial and sanitary wastewaterIndustrial and sanitary wastewater
Typical Saudi Aramco Nonhazardous Typical Saudi Aramco Nonhazardous
WasteWaste
�� Spent catalystsSpent catalysts
�� Cleaning chemicalsCleaning chemicals
�� Contaminated soils and equipmentContaminated soils and equipment
�� Laboratory wastesLaboratory wastes
�� Oily liquidsOily liquids
�� Oily sludgesOily sludges
�� Oil contaminated solidsOil contaminated solids
�� Asbestos wasteAsbestos waste
�� Infectious/Medical wastesInfectious/Medical wastes
�� Radioactive wastes (e.g., NORM)Radioactive wastes (e.g., NORM)
Typical Saudi Aramco Hazardous WasteTypical Saudi Aramco Hazardous Waste
Type of WasteType of Waste Quantity (cu.m)Quantity (cu.m) Percentage (%)Percentage (%)
Oily sludge 11,686 34
Oily Water 10,582 31
Nonhazardous 5,381 16
Hazardous 2,803 8
Asbestos-Contaminated 1,715 5
Oily Waste 1,255 3.8
Medical 600 1.8
Hydrocarbon Product 89 0.3
Slop Oil 27 0.1
PCB-Contaminated 1 0.0
TOTAL 34,139 100.0
2008 Industrial Waste Inventory2008 Industrial Waste Inventory
•• 11963: Issue First Corporate Environmental Policy Statement963: Issue First Corporate Environmental Policy Statement
•• 1982: First Landfarm at RT Refinery1982: First Landfarm at RT Refinery
•• 1986: First Inventory of Industrial Solid Waste1986: First Inventory of Industrial Solid Waste
•• 1993: First Contractor Waste Disposal Facility 1993: First Contractor Waste Disposal Facility
•• 1993: Waste Minimization Program 1993: Waste Minimization Program
•• 1998: Establishment of EPD1998: Establishment of EPD
•• 1999: Launch Industrial Waste Management Program1999: Launch Industrial Waste Management Program
•• 2001: Develop Environmental Master Plan2001: Develop Environmental Master Plan
•• 2001: Create Environmental Technology Focus Team2001: Create Environmental Technology Focus Team
•• 2004: Proactive Approach: 10 Years Strategy2004: Proactive Approach: 10 Years Strategy
History of Environmental Protection at History of Environmental Protection at Saudi AramcoSaudi Aramco
EPD OrganizationEPD Organization
Environmental Protection DepartmentEnvironmental Protection DepartmentEnvironmental Protection Department
Environmental
Engineering
Division
Environmental
Engineering
Division
Environmental
Compliance
Division
Environmental
Compliance
Division
Environmental
Coordination
Division
Environmental
Coordination
Division
Air Quality &
Meteorology Unit
Air Quality & Air Quality &
Meteorology UnitMeteorology Unit
Wastewater
Management &
Marine Protection
Unit
Wastewater Wastewater
Management & Management &
Marine Protection Marine Protection
UnitUnit
Land &
Groundwater
Protection Unit
Land & Land &
Groundwater Groundwater
Protection UnitProtection Unit
CA Env Compliance
Unit
CA Env Compliance CA Env Compliance
Unit Unit
NA Env Compliance
Unit
NA Env Compliance NA Env Compliance
UnitUnit
Western Region Env
Unit
Western Region Env Western Region Env
UnitUnit
Radiation
Protection Unit
Radiation Radiation
Protection UnitProtection Unit
SA Env Compliance
Unit
SA Env Compliance SA Env Compliance
UnitUnit
Government
Correspondence
Group
Government Government
Correspondence Correspondence
GroupGroup
Awareness
Group
Awareness Awareness
GroupGroup
Climate Change
Group
Climate Change Climate Change
GroupGroup
Saudi Aramco Master Program for Saudi Aramco Master Program for Industrial Waste ManagementIndustrial Waste Management
((International Award 1999International Award 1999))
•• Characterize waste streamsCharacterize waste streams
•• Determine proper disposal methodsDetermine proper disposal methods
•• Identify acceptable sitesIdentify acceptable sites
•• Improve existing facilitiesImprove existing facilities
•• Initiate a manifest systemInitiate a manifest system
•• Modify contract requirementsModify contract requirements
•• Implement waste minimizationImplement waste minimization
•• Encourage the private sectorEncourage the private sector
•• Contract for disposal where possibleContract for disposal where possible
•• Monitor complianceMonitor compliance
•• 11963: Issue First Corporate Environmental Policy Statement963: Issue First Corporate Environmental Policy Statement
•• 1982: First Landfarm at RT Refinery1982: First Landfarm at RT Refinery
•• 1986: First Inventory of Industrial Solid Waste1986: First Inventory of Industrial Solid Waste
•• 1993: First Contractor Waste Disposal Facility 1993: First Contractor Waste Disposal Facility
•• 1993: Waste Minimization Program 1993: Waste Minimization Program
•• 1998: Establishment of EPD1998: Establishment of EPD
•• 1999: Launch Industrial Waste Management Program1999: Launch Industrial Waste Management Program
•• 2001: Develop Environmental Master Plan2001: Develop Environmental Master Plan
•• 2001: Create Environmental Technology Focus Team2001: Create Environmental Technology Focus Team
•• 2004: Proactive Approach: 10 Years Strategy2004: Proactive Approach: 10 Years Strategy
History of Environmental Protection at History of Environmental Protection at Saudi AramcoSaudi Aramco
Environmental Master PlanEnvironmental Master Plan
•• Plan endorsed in 2001.Plan endorsed in 2001.
•• Identifies capital program requirements for Saudi Identifies capital program requirements for Saudi
Aramco facilities.Aramco facilities.
•• Prioritizes environmental projects based on the Prioritizes environmental projects based on the
potential for harm to human health and the potential for harm to human health and the
environment.environment.
•• Plan deals mainly with wastewater, air emission Plan deals mainly with wastewater, air emission
and clean fuel issues.and clean fuel issues.
•• 40 projects to be completed over 10 years.40 projects to be completed over 10 years.
Objective: To bring Saudi Aramco facilities into Objective: To bring Saudi Aramco facilities into
compliance with current regulations.compliance with current regulations.
Environmental Master Plan StatusEnvironmental Master Plan Status
(By Category)(By Category)
Total plan is $ 3.3 BillionTotal plan is $ 3.3 BillionTotal plan is $ 3.3 BillionTotal plan is $ 3.3 Billion95% completion by 2011 95% completion by 2011 95% completion by 2011 95% completion by 2011
Others 4% Others 4% Others 4% Others 4%
Clean Fuels Clean Fuels Clean Fuels Clean Fuels 34%34%34%34%
Air Emission Air Emission Air Emission Air Emission 25%25%25%25% Wastewater Wastewater Wastewater Wastewater
37%37%37%37%
Environmental TechnologyEnvironmental Technology
Enhance Environmental Enhance Environmental
Performance Through TechnologyPerformance Through Technology
Target Environmental Areas
Comply with Environmental
Standards
Reduce Release of
Pollutants
Enhance Environmental
Monitoring
Enhance Remediation
Effectiveness
Enhance Waste
Management
Technology Initiatives Technology Initiatives
Reduce Air
PollutantsActive
CompletedAlkaline Flue Gas Desulfurization
E-Beam FG Treatment (RRD&YRD)
Enhance
Waste
Management
Petrozyme Bioreactor (JGP)
NORM Waste Disposal (ANL)
Completed
Active (06)
Enhance
Remediation
Effectiveness
Active (05)
HC Soil Remediation by LTO
Phyto-Remediation of Heavy Metals
Active
ActiveNovel technique for MTBE remediation
Polymeric Adsorbents (JRD) Completed
Membranes for oily wastewater (RRD)
Comply with
Environmental
Standards Completed
Enhance
Environmental
Monitoring
Predictive Emission Monitoring (RTR)
Laser-based Oil Fingerprinting
Active (05)
Active
Passive Soil Gas Survey Active
Strategic ElementsStrategic Elements
In Line with Corporate ImperativesIn Line with Corporate Imperatives
Enhance Environmental
Performance
Protect Natural
Resources
Assure Environmental
Compliance
Promote Environmental
Awareness
Promote Worker &
Community Health
Enhance Wastewater
Management
Provide Innovative
Environmental
Solutions
Enhance
Environmental
Monitoring
Promote Local
Environmental Services
Develop Environmental
Coordinators
Protect Land & Groundwater
Resources
Develop Employees
Partner with Government & Industry
Protect MarineEnvironment
Promote Community Awareness
Manage & Minimize Solid & Hazardous
Waste
Reduce Air Pollution
Reduce Environmental Pollutants from
Products
Partner with Facilities & Projects
Promote Environmental
Awareness
Enhance Environmental
Health
Enhance Workplace Environment
Enhance Radiation Protection
Mutilnational Environment and
Trade Policy
Promote Cost -Effectiveness
Promote Local Industry
Awareness
OpportunitiesOpportunitiesWaste Stream ReuseWaste Stream Reuse
•• Oily Waste (lubricating oil, crude and slop oil)Oily Waste (lubricating oil, crude and slop oil)
•• Empty DrumsEmpty Drums
•• TiresTires
•• Spent CatalystSpent Catalyst
•• EE--Waste, Batteries, Lighting Waste, Batteries, Lighting
•• Spent CausticSpent Caustic
OpportunitiesOpportunitiesWaste Management ServicesWaste Management Services
•• Waste management facilitiesWaste management facilities
•• Recycling facilitiesRecycling facilities
•• Mobile treatment systemsMobile treatment systems
•• Laboratories Laboratories
•• Environmental consulting Environmental consulting
•• Transportation, haulingTransportation, hauling
•• Monitoring Monitoring
•• Composting and garbage recyclingComposting and garbage recycling
•• Groundwater Site Investigation and MonitoringGroundwater Site Investigation and Monitoring
•• Risk Assessment StudiesRisk Assessment Studies
•• Remedial Investigation and Feasibility StudiesRemedial Investigation and Feasibility Studies
•• Remedial Technology DevelopmentRemedial Technology Development
•• GIS and Data Base Creation and ManagementGIS and Data Base Creation and Management
•• Groundwater Remediation (floating and dissolved Groundwater Remediation (floating and dissolved
phase issues)phase issues)
OpportunitiesOpportunitiesGroundwater ProtectionGroundwater Protection
OpportunitiesOpportunities((Marine Environmental ServicesMarine Environmental Services))
•• Marine Hydrodynamics and CirculationMarine Hydrodynamics and Circulation
•• Marine Studies with Local CapabilitiesMarine Studies with Local Capabilities
•• Dredging and Landfilling ImpactDredging and Landfilling Impact
•• Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment
•• Marine Monitoring in Coastal and OffshoreMarine Monitoring in Coastal and Offshore
•• Oil Spill Detection Oil Spill Detection
OpportunitiesOpportunitiesAir Quality and Meteorology SectorAir Quality and Meteorology Sector
•• Odor elimination (wastewater treatment plants, evaporation Odor elimination (wastewater treatment plants, evaporation
ponds, etc.)ponds, etc.)
•• NOx reduction from boilers and gas turbinesNOx reduction from boilers and gas turbines
•• VOC reduction from loading operationsVOC reduction from loading operations
•• Emissions monitoring (both ambient and stacks)Emissions monitoring (both ambient and stacks)
•• Minimize/eliminate flaring (both upstream and downstream) Minimize/eliminate flaring (both upstream and downstream)
•• Fugitive emissions monitoringFugitive emissions monitoring
•• Air monitoring stationsAir monitoring stations
OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIndustrial and Municipal Wastewater TreatmentIndustrial and Municipal Wastewater Treatment
•• Innovative Wastewater Treatment and Innovative Wastewater Treatment and
Reuse/Reclamation TechnologiesReuse/Reclamation Technologies
�� Biological, Physical and Chemical TreatmentsBiological, Physical and Chemical Treatments
•• Small Flow and Decentralized WW Treatment SystemsSmall Flow and Decentralized WW Treatment Systems
•• Wastewater Treatment and Aquifer RechargeWastewater Treatment and Aquifer Recharge
•• Produced Water Treatment and ReuseProduced Water Treatment and Reuse
•• Industrial Wastewater ReuseIndustrial Wastewater Reuse
•• Sludge Treatment and RecyclingSludge Treatment and Recycling
•• Operation and Maintenance of WWTPsOperation and Maintenance of WWTPs
•• Proven Wastewater Treatment EquipmentProven Wastewater Treatment Equipment
Current and Future ChallengesCurrent and Future Challenges
•• Continuous reduction in waste generation.Continuous reduction in waste generation.
•• Recover maximum value from waste.Recover maximum value from waste.
•• Promote viable environmental services in the Kingdom.Promote viable environmental services in the Kingdom.
•• Apply the most costApply the most cost--effective solutions.effective solutions.
Current and Future ChallengesCurrent and Future Challenges
•• Anticipate stricter Environmental regulations. Anticipate stricter Environmental regulations.
•• Enhance environmental awareness.Enhance environmental awareness.
•• Availability of qualified environmental professionals.Availability of qualified environmental professionals.
•• Overcome resistance to change.Overcome resistance to change.
•• Encourage innovative thinking.Encourage innovative thinking.
Saudi Aramco Saudi Aramco –– Canadian PartnershipsCanadian Partnerships
•• Memorial UniversityMemorial University, Risk Based Corrective , Risk Based Corrective
Action Model.Action Model.
•• University of CalgaryUniversity of Calgary, Low Temperature Oxidation, , Low Temperature Oxidation,
experimental and field modeling work (Won an experimental and field modeling work (Won an
award from ASCE).award from ASCE).
•• University of ReginaUniversity of Regina, Capture CO, Capture CO22 using Solvents.using Solvents.
•• University of TorontoUniversity of Toronto, Compound Specific , Compound Specific
ISOTOPE Analysis.ISOTOPE Analysis.
Saudi Aramco Saudi Aramco –– Canadian PartnershipsCanadian Partnerships
•• Vertex SolutionsVertex Solutions, Groundwater Studies, Groundwater Studies
•• Petrozyme, Oily Sludge TreatmentPetrozyme, Oily Sludge Treatment
•• STANTEC (and Jacques Whitford), EIAsSTANTEC (and Jacques Whitford), EIAs
•• SNCSNC--Lavlin (Morrow Environmental,) EIAsLavlin (Morrow Environmental,) EIAs
•• Golder Associates (and Gartner Lee), EIAsGolder Associates (and Gartner Lee), EIAs
•• Terralog Technologies, ContractorTerralog Technologies, Contractor
•• RWDI Inc.RWDI Inc.
Thank youThank you
Together we can create a better Together we can create a better
tomorrow.tomorrow.