challenges in environmental amelioration

8/8/2019 Challenges in Environmental Amelioration

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Challenges in Environmental

AmeliorationBY

I. ARUL


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Key Definition


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Ecosystem Services


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Challenges

1) Population.

2) Economic Development.

3) Unprecedented WeatherPattern.

4) Lapse in Technology.5) Lapse in Certification.

6) Flexible policy Measures.

7) Lack of Awareness.8) Infant Institutional Setup.

9) Lack of consensus inInternational arena


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Population

Humans are Living far Beyond Planet's MeansHumans are Living far Beyond Planet's Means

Humans will need2 planets everyyearby 2050 on current

trends.

"Formorethan 20 years wehaveexceeded theearth'sabilityto supportaconsumptive lifestyle. This isunsustainable.

"Ifeveryone livedasAmerica, we wouldneed5 planets to

supportus.

At WWF 2006 Living Planet Report Launched in Beijing

(WWF, 2006: 10 and 24)


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Population- Graphically

India

Population


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Economic Development

PowerSector.

Mining Sector.

Urban Sector. Railway Sector.

Petroleum Sector.


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Power Sector

Indiahasthefifth largestgeneration capacity inthe world

withan installed capacity of 152 GW as on 30 September2009,

which isabout4 percentofglobal powergeneration.

Thetop fourcountries,viz.,US, Japan, ChinaandRussia

together consumeabout49 percentoftheto powergenerated

globally.

Theaverage percapita consumption ofelectricity in India is

estimatedto be704 kWhduring 2008-09.


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Power sector -Status

Coal

67166

Gas

11840

Diesel

1196

Hydro

30135

Nuclear

2720Wind

2488

Ministry of Power, Government of India

Installed Capacity > 120 GW

Gross Generation: 620 billion kWh

Per Capita Consumption ~ 600 kWh

Coal dominantenergysource (58%)


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Growth of Indias PowerSector

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

InstalledGen

erationCapacity(GW)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

PerCapitaConsumption(kWh)

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

NumberofVillagesElectrifie

d(Projected)

Serious Growth a fter 60s Gene ration 6 th largest in world

Per capita consum ption low

Close to 95%vi l lages

electrified

Ministry of Power, Government of India


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Railways Sector

Indiastransportsector is largeanddiverse; it catersto the

needs of1.1 billion people. In 2007,thesectorcontributedabout5.5 percentto thenations GDP.

IndianRailways is one ofthe largestrailwaysundersingle

management. It carriessome17 million passengersand 2

milliontonnes of freightadayinyear2007 and is one oftheworlds largestemployers.


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Konkan Railway Track

TheKonkan Railway (Railway Symbol:KR) isarailway line

whichrunsalongtheKonkan coast ofIndia. It was constructed

and is operated bytheKonkanRailway Corporation. Itruns from

Mangalore inKarnataka to Mumbai inMaharashtra throughGoa

alongthe west coast ofIndia andWestern Ghats.


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Controversy

Arose inthestate ofGoa, comprising 105 kilometres (65 mi)

oftheroute, whereserious concerns wereraisedabouttheenvironmental andeconomic impactofthe line onthestate.

The opponentsto the projectstatedthatthe proposed

alignment, passingthroughthe coastal regions ofthestate,

would cause:Destruction ofecology,

Damageto historical sites,

Disruptthe lifestyles of people,

Destroythe fertilekhazan lands

Harmthemonuments of Old Goa,

Irreparabledamageto themarshesandmangroveswamps

Large-scaledisplacement ofneighborhoods

alongthe coastal belt


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Urban Sector

The phenomenal rateat whichurbanization is occurringhas

overwhelmedthosetasked withmanagingurbanareas,

particularly inthepoorercountriesoftheRegion.

Exacerbated bya flood ofrural-urbanmigrants, citieshave

witnessedtremendousgrowth ofunserviced slumandsquatterareaswheremillions ofurban poorresidents lack

adequateaccessto potable waterandsanitationservices.

A keytheme isthe way in whichthe problems of

environmental degradationofurban poorcommunities,andurban poverty.


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Urban Sector


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Constructional Activity

Four lane.

Metro Trains. Real Estates.

OverBridges


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Petroleum Sector

The petroleum industry includestheglobal processes of

exploration,extraction,refining,transporting(often by oil

tankersand pipelines),andmarketing petroleum products.The largestvolume products ofthe industryarefuel oil and

gasoline (petrol).


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Challenges

Some petroleum industry operationshave beenresponsible

forwater pollutionthrough by-products ofrefiningand oilspills.

The combustion of fossil fuels producesgreenhousegases

and otherairpollutantsas by-products. Pollutants include

nitrogen oxides,sulphur dioxide,volatile organic compoundsandheavymetals.

As petroleum isanon-renewable natural resourcethe industry

is faced withan inevitableeventual depletion ofthe world's oil

supply.

The BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 listedthe

reserve/productionratio forprovenresources worldwide. The

study placedthe prospective lifespan of provenreserves in

theMiddle Eastat79.5 years,Latin Americaat41.2 yearsand

North Americaat only12 years.


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Core Industries

C

E

S

CO

P

E

C

O

NO

M

Y


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GHG-SEctorwise


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Animal Responses


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Lapse in Environment Technology

Environmental technology (abbreviatedasenvirotech) orgreen

technology (abbreviatedasgreentech) orcleantechnology

(abbreviatedascleantech) istheapplication ofthe

environmental scienceto conservethenatural environmentand

resources,andto curb thenegative impactsofhuman

involvement. Sustainabledevelopment isthe core of

environmental technologies.


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Environment Technology

Biofiltration

Biosphere Technology

Bioremediation

Compostingtoilet

Desalination

Doubly-fedelectric machine

Energy Conservation

Energy SavingModules

Hydrogen fuel cell

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

Solarpower

Thermal depolymerization


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Lapse in Certification

Environmental Management Systems certificationenablesyou

to demonstrateyourcommitmentto theenvironmentandhelpsyouassure compliance withexistingregulations.

LEED

REDD

PCBC

CDM-Carbon Credit(CER)

Challenge: NO StringentRuleForBreaker.

NO ProperRulesandProcedure.


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Flexible Policy Measures

Bhopal Gas Tragedy. EIA.

NuclearSector????


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Lack of Awareness

Extinct Stage Active.

Global Warming.

Bhopal Gas Tragedy.


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Infant Institutional Setup

Agriculture-ICAR.

Forestry-ICFRE.

Environment??(Emerging)


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Lack of consensus in International Arena

Kyoto Protocol.

Copenhagen Declaration-09

Cancun Declaration-10

Developed Vs Developing.

Common But DifferentiatedResponsibility


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To Conclude

challenges in environmental amelioration

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