Download - ENLIGHTENMENT 1650-1800
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ENLIGHTENMENT 1650-1800
Intellectual Movement
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Age of Reason
Trust in Science
Commitment to Progress
Questioning Divine RightRethinking Religion
Belief in Goodness of Human Nature
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Emerging from:
Caste system
Superstition
Ignorance
Intolerance
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Many Enlightenment philosophers opposed the Catholic church. They believed the Church kept knowledge from the people to maintain their power. The Enlightenment was, in part, about fighting the Church’s teachings.
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John Locke – English – 1632-1704
Natural Rights – Life, Liberty,Property
Rulers derive their powerfrom the consent of the
people
There are times where it is justified to overthrow
the government
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Montesquieu – 1689-1755 -French
Legal codes evolve overtime and are not
preordained by God
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau – 1712-1778• Inequality is wrong and inefficient
and harmful to society• Will of majority not always right.• Well known for his work in
education• Goal of gov’t
– Secure freedom, equality and justice for all regardless of the will of the majority
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Voltaire – 1694-1778 - French
Religious Tolerance
Against cruel and unusual punishment
Freedom of speech
“I may disagree w/ what you say, but I will defend till death your right to say it.”
U.S. Constitution
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• What two movements came before the Enlightenment movement?
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• Protestant Reformation and the Scientific Revolution.
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• What are two other phrases used to describe the Enlightenment?
• _________of Reason• _________Movement
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• What two U.S. Documents were heavily influenced by the Enlightenment and the Enlightenment thinkers?
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• Declaration of Independence• Constitution