Download - Engine Nacelle Halon Replacement
Point of Contact : Doug Ingerson
Department of TransportationFederal Aviation Administration
WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440
Bldg 205Atlantic City Int'l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
tel: 609-485-4945fax: 609-485-7074
email: [email protected] page: www.fire.tc.faa.gov
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
Engine Nacelle Halon Replacement
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#2
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
PRESENTATION CONTENTS
OVERVIEW OF THE EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY
EXAMPLE OF MASS EQUIVALENCE
EXAMPLE OF GAS CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE
RESULTS TO DATE, TABULAR
RESULTS TO DATE, PARTIAL GRAPHICAL
CONCLUSORY STATEMENTS
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#3
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY - OVERVIEW
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY
~ OVERVIEW ~
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#4
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY - OVERVIEW
TESTING OCCURS IN A FIXTURE CONTAINING SALIENT FEATURES OF THE ENGINE NACELLE ENVIRONMENT
THE EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY IS TWO-PART ESTABLISH A MASS EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN AGENTS BASED ON
FIRE EXTINCTION PERFORMANCE A H1301 BENCHMARK IS ESTABLISHED THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE QUANTITY IS CHANGED
UNTIL THE H1301 BENCHMARK IS MET OR EXCEEDED ESTABLISH A CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE BASED ON AGENT
DISTRIBUTION BEHAVIOR OF THE MASS EQUIVALENT GAS ANALYSIS IS USED TO CAPTURE PERFORMANCE TIES BACK TO FIRE EXTINCTION PERFORMANCE
PROCESS IS REPEATED IN 4 EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS TO FIND THE LARGEST EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION (2 ventilation conditions x 2 fire threats)
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#5
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
IMAGERY - TEST FIXTURE
STA 502
AIRFLOW
FWD
UP
TEST SECTION DIMENSIONS48 INCH OD SHELL24 INCH OD CORE~ 10.3 FEET LONG
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#6
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt I, MASS
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY, PART I
~ MASS EQUIVALENCE ~
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#7
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt I, MASS
TEST FIXTURE VENTILATION IS SET TO 1 OF 2 POINTS THE OBJECT IS TO BRACKET SYSTEM BEHAVIOR HIGH VENTILATION (HiVent) ~ 2.2 LBM/S @ 100°F LOW VENTILATION (LoVent) ~ 1.0 LBM/S @ 260°F
H1301 CERTIFICATION IS KNOWN FOR BOTH CASES AGENT IS STORED AT 100°F AGENT DISCHARGE IS ~ 1 SECOND H1301 BENCHMARK (FIRE TESTING) IS ACCOMPLISHED WITH THE
APPLICABLE CERTIFICATION PROFILE H1301 DISTRIBUTION IS REASONABLY SYMMETRIC DISCHARGE IS NOT DIRECTED AT THE FIRE THREAT MINIMUM DISTANCE OF 5 FT SEPARATES AGENT INJECTION AND
THE FLAME FRONTS
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#8
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
IMAGERY – SAMPLING PROBE LOCATIONS, SPRAY
9
11
8
1
75
3
6
1210
4
REGION OF FLAMEDURING FIRE TEST
FWD
UP
RIGHT3:00
UP12:00
ST
A 5
02
ST
A 5
27
2
DIMENSIONS AREIN FEET UNLESS
NOTED OTHERWISE
LOOKINGFWD
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#9
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
IMAGERY – TYPICAL H1301 CERTIFICATION GRAPH, HiVent
Agent Concentration Profile~ Ventilation @ 2.2 lb/s @ 100°F ~
0
1
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5
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7
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9
10
11
12
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Time (s)
Vol
umet
ric
Con
cent
rati
on~
Hal
on 1
301
~Ch# 11Ch# 09Ch# 08Ch# 04Ch# 01Ch# 07Ch# 05Ch# 02Ch# 10Ch# 12Ch# 06Ch# 03
1301 03 324 12 c
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#10
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
IMAGERY – TYPICAL H1301 CERTIFICATION GRAPH, LoVent
Agent Concentration Profile~ Ventilation @ 1.0 lb/s@260°F ~
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Time (s)
Vol
umet
ric
Con
cent
rati
on~
Hal
on 1
301
~Ch# 11Ch# 09Ch# 08Ch# 04Ch# 01Ch# 07Ch# 05Ch# 02Ch# 10Ch# 12Ch# 06Ch# 03
1301 03 506 16 c
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#11
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
IMAGERY – SAMPLING PROBE LOCATIONS, POOL
9
11
8
1
7
2
3
6
1210
4
REGION OF FLAMEDURING FIRE TEST
FWD
UP
RIGHT3:00
UP12:00
ST
A 5
02
ST
A 5
27
5DIMENSIONS AREIN FEET UNLESS
NOTED OTHERWISE
LOOKINGFWD
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#12
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt I, MASS
DEFINING THE H1301 BENCHMARK DETERMINED FOR EACH EQUIVALENCE ITERATION EQUIVALENCE ITERATION = “VENTILATION + FIRE THREAT” POOL FIRE THREAT – JP8
150°F @ 220 IN^2 x 0.5IN DEEP ELECTRICAL ARC REMAINS ON DURING AGENT INJECTION
SPRAY FIRE THREAT – JP8, LUBRICANT OR HYDRAULIC FLUID 150°F @ 0.25 GPM FUEL SPRAY & ELECTRICAL ARC REMAIN ON DURING AGENT
INJECTION FUEL SPRAY STRIKES HOT SURFACE DURING AGENT INJECTION
RESULT FROM 1 FIRE TEST = REIGNITION TIME DELAY (RTD) RTD = time (FIRE EXTINCTION) – time (FIRE REIGNITION) RTD IS ASSESSED FROM VIDEO RECORD OF EACH FIRE TEST H1301 BENCHMARK = AVERAGED RTDs FROM 5 REPEATED FIRE
TESTS = RTD_ave (H1301)
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#13
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
IMAGERY - SPRAY FIRE ZONE
AIRFLOW
FWD
UP
FUEL NOZZLES
2” TALL FLAME
STABILIZATION
RIB
TUBE ARRAYCORE
S
TA
512
STA
502
ELECTRICAL ARC
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#14
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
IMAGERY - POOL FIRE ZONE
STA
503
FWD
UP
AIRFLOW
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#15
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt I, MASS
PROCESS SELECT CONDITIONS FROM 1 OF 4 EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS
HiVent, JP8 SPRAY OR POOL FIRE THREAT LoVent, LUBRICANT SPRAY OR JP8 POOL FIRE THREAT
ESTABLISH H1301 BENCHMARK WITH 5 REPEATED FIRE TESTS FIND EQUIVALENT MASS OF THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE
COMPARISION BASIS : AVERAGE RTD OF 5 REPEATED TESTS EQUIVALENCE DEFINED AS :
RTD_ave (H1301) RTD_ave (EQUIVALENT MASS) IF A SPRAY FIRE THREAT, USE EQUIVALENT MASS AND
VERIFY SUCCESS AGAINST OTHER FUELS HiVent VERIFICATION – LUBRICANT & HYDRAULIC FLUID LoVent VERIFICATION – JP8 REPEAT 3 TESTS FOR EACH FUEL SUCCESS DEFINED AS :
RTD_ave (EQUIVALENT MASS) RTD_ave (VERIFICATION)
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#16
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, CONCENTRATION
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY, PART II
~ CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE ~
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#17
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, CONCENTRATION
TREATING THE VOLUMETRIC GAS CONCENTRATION AS THE PAREMETER FOR EQUIVALENCE (NOT CITING ANY MASS EQUIVALENCE!!)
REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE IS DELIVERED THROUGH NON-OPTIMIZED PLUMBING
SOME NON-OPTIMIZED QUANTITY OF THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE WILL STILL ACHIEVE PARITY WITH H1301 BENCHMARK
CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE EVALUATED AT THE FLAME FRONT ONLY (2 CHANNELS PER TEST)!!
EQUIVALENT GAS CONCENTRATION IS BASED ON : CAPTURED GAS ANALYSIS DATA FIRE EXTINCTION BEHAVIOR
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#18
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, CONCENTRATION
PROCESS CAPTURE GAS DISTRIBUTION OF THE EQUIVALENT MASS WITH 3
REPEATED TESTS COLLECT THE 2 FLAME FRONT CURVES FOR EACH TEST TRANSFORM FLAME FRONT, GAS CONCENTRATION CURVES
CURVES ARE TYPICALLY CAPTURED TO ILLUSTRATE EXPONENTIAL GROWTH/DECAY (i.e. CERTIFICATION TEST)
TRANSFORM EACH CURVE TO CONCENTRATION vs. DURATION@CONCENTRATION
CREATE A SINGLE DATA POOL OF ALL POINTS FROM THE TRANSFORMED CURVES
MODEL THE DATA POOL WITH HIGHEST-ORDER POLYNOMIAL, BEST-FIT FUNCTION
RECALL AVERAGE RTD FROM REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE USE AVERAGE RTD OF THE EQUIVALENT MASS IN THE BEST-FIT
FUNCTION TO CALCULATE EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION
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#19
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – EXAMPLE
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY
~ EXAMPLE ~
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#20
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt I, EXAMPLE
MASS EQUIVALENCE EXAMPLE (actual data) EQUIVALENCE ITERATION = HiVent JP8 SPRAY FIRE H1301 BENCHMARK = RTD_ave (H1301) = 1.39 SECONDS
REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE WORK WITH HFC-125
EQUIVALENT MASS = 8.0 LBF HFC-125
RTD => RTD#01 RTD#02 RTD#03 RTD#04 RTD#05 AVERAGERESULT => 1.76 1.03 1.18 1.31 1.66 1.39
1 2 3 4 5 AVERAGE8.0 1.45 1.52 1.30 1.45 1.34 1.417.5 1.48 1.26 1.32 1.19 1.09 1.27
8.0 * 1.72 2.13 1.75 -- -- 1.878.0 ** 2.32 2.19 2.5 -- -- 2.34
* VERIFICATION TESTS AGAINST LUBRICANT** VERIFICATION TESTS AGAINST HYDRAULIC FLUID
RTDGUESSED WEIGHT OF HFC-125 (LBF)
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#21
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, EXAMPLE
EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION EXAMPLE THIS EXAMPLE IS BASED UPON DATA FOR THE
DISTRIBUTION OF 8.0 LBF HFC-125 RESTRICT DATA REVIEW TO THE 2 ANALYZER CHANNELS
LOCATED AT THE SPRAY FLAME FRONT CALCULATION FOLLOWS IN GRAPHICAL FORMAT FOR SIMPLICITY IN THIS EXAMPLE :
ONE PAIR OF ANALYZER TRACES ARE SHOWN (SINGLE TEST) DUE TO THE REDUCED SIZE OF THE DATA POOL, THE
CALCULATION FOR THIS EXAMPLE IS NOT THE REPORTED EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION
PROTOCOL REQUIRES REPEATING 3 GAS DISTRIBUTION TESTS TO PRODUCE THE DATA POOL TO MAKE THIS CALCULATION
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#22
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, EXAMPLE
Gas Analyzer Data Transformation
0
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0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Duration (seconds)Vol
umet
ric
Con
cent
rati
on, H
FC
-125
0
2
4
6
8
10
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76 77 78 79 80 81 82
Time (seconds) Ch# 01, transformed
Ch# 02, transformed
Ch# 01, data trace
Ch# 02, data trace
Best-fit function, 4th order
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#23
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, EXAMPLE
Calculated Equivalent Concentration via Transformed Data
456789
1011121314151617181920
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Duration (seconds)Vol
umet
ric
Con
cent
rati
on, H
FC
-125
Ch# 01, transformed
Ch# 02, transformed
RTD_ave, equivalent mass
Best-fit function, 4th orderEQUIVALENTCONCENTRATIONIS CALCULATED
AS 16.8%v/v ILLUSTRATION ONLY
~ EQUIVALENCE NOT VALID ~
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#24
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
RESULTS TO DATE
RESULTS TO DATE
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#25
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
RESULTS TO DATE - TABULAR
AgentVentilation
configurationFire Threat
Equivalent Concentration (%v/v)
HFC-125
highJP8 spray 16.9
JP8 pool 9.6
lowOIL spray 15.8 (a)
JP8 pool incomplete
CF3Ihigh
JP8 spray 5.8
JP8 pool incomplete
low OIL spray 7.2 (a, b)
JP8 pool incomplete
(a) Bracketing method used to find mass equivalent
(b) Partial result, JP8 verification not completed as of June 2004
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#26
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
RESULTS TO DATE – TRANSFORMED DATA, HiVent EQUIVALENTS
0
2
4
6
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18
20
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50
Duration (s)
Vol
umet
ric
Con
cent
rati
on, %
v/v
H1301 Certification, spray (3.6 lbf)
16.9% v/v HFC-125, JP8 spray (8.0 lbf)
5.8% v/v CF3I, JP8 spray (4.5 lbf)
H1301 Certification, POOL (3.6 lbf)
9.6% v/v HFC-125, JP8 POOL (5.5 lbf)
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#27
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
CONCLUSORY STATEMENTS
SUMMARY/STATUS
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#28
International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France
Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA
CONCLUSORY STATEMENTS
CURRENTLY WORKING HFC-125 IN THE LoVent JP8 POOL
REMAINING CF3I EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS WILL FOLLOW
UPON COMPLETING HFC-125/CF3I ITERATIONS, PROJECT CONCLUDES