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Energy Usage
Dr. Ron Lembke
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Hubbert’s Peak
• M. King Hubbert, “Nuclear Energy and the Fossil Fuels” (Drilling and Production Practices, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC, 1956),
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When is the Peak? 2004 data
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Causality or Correlation?
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US Energy Usage
• Sankey diagram goes here
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Price of Liquids
Liquid Price ounces $/gallon $/cupWine $20 25.4 100.79$ 6.3 Coffee $1.90 12 20.27$ 1.3 Coors Light $0.75 12 8.00$ 0.5 Big Gulp $1.75 32 7.00$ 0.4 milk $3.50 128 3.50$ 0.2 Gasoline $3.40 128 3.40$ 0.2 Light Sweet Crude $100 5,376 2.38$ 0.1
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EIA Administrator Jay Hakes to the April 18, 2000 meeting of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists in New Orleans, Louisiana
100mb/d=36bb/y3tb lasts 83 yrs?
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Amount of Recoverable Oil, 2004
S
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1973 January 1977 January 1981 January 1985 January 1989 January 1993 January 1997 January 2001 January 2005 January 2009 January0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Thousands of Barrels per Day
AlgeriaAngolaEcuadorIranIraqKuwaitLibyaNigeriaQatarSaudi ArabiaUAEVenezuela
Data: US EIA
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US Oil Imports, US EIA
Canada; 24.2%
Mexico; 12.2%
Saudi Arabia; 10.5%Venezuela; 9.5%
Nigeria; 9.8%
Algeria; 4.9%
Russia; 6.0%
Colombia; 3.6%
Iraq; 4.0%Angola; 3.8%
Virgin Is-lands; 2.5%
Brazil; 2.6%Ecuador; 1.9%UK; 2.5% Kuwait; 2.0%
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THE PRICE OF ENERGY
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NV Electricity Prices
19901992
19941996
19982000
20022004
20062008
20102012
20142016
20182020
20222024
20262028
20300
5
10
15
20
25
30
1989-2009 prices
LR on 10yrs Data
LR on 20yrs Data
Cent
s /
kwh
Elect. Price Data: EIA, 20y Rsq=0.91, 10y Rsq=0.94
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Source: NV Energy, Jan. 2011
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1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Nat Gas Elect
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Electricity and Natural Gas in NV
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Nat Gas Linear (Nat Gas) Elect Linear (Elect)
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
f(x) = 0.857567821538526 x + 4.19278940733224R² = 0.870252468678781
Natural Gas Price
Elec
tric
ity P
rice
/kw
h
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
f(x) = 0.857567821538526 x + 4.19278940733224R² = 0.870252468678781
Natural Gas Price
Elec
tric
ity P
rice
/kw
h
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Natural Gas Price Forecast
19891991
19931995
19971999
20012003
20052007
20092011
20132015
20172019
20212023
20252027
20290
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Avg
Linear (Avg)
20yr LR
Nat
. Gas
$/t
herm
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19901992
19941996
19982000
20022004
20062008
20102012
20142016
20182020
20222024
20262028
20300
5
10
15
20
25
30
Actual Costs
LR on 20 yrs data
LR on last 10 yrs Data
Based on 20yrs Nat Gas
Based on 10yrs Nat Gas
Cent
s / k
wh
Electricity Costs (again)
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NV Energy Plants
Coal: 487 MWGas: 4,233 MW Wind:200 MWGeo:130 MW
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NV Energy Emissions
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Global Hydrocarbon Reserves
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Oil Sands reserves
• Difference vs light sweet crude
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Proved reserves are those quantities of petroleum which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with a high degree of confidence to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions.
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Proven Oil Reserves, CIA Factbook
Saud
i Ara
bia
Cana
da Iran
Iraq
Kuw
ait
Uni
ted
Arab
E...
Vene
zuel
a
Russ
ia
Liby
a
Nig
eria
Kaza
khst
an
Qat
ar
Chin
a
Uni
ted
Stat
es
0
50,000,000,000
100,000,000,000
150,000,000,000
200,000,000,000
250,000,000,000
300,000,000,000
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OPEC Nations
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Laherre, 1997