Download - EAB Update
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EAB UpdateLee Townsend
Extension Entomologist
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Agenda
• Identification and Impact• Current status• Control options – Homeowner & Commercial
applicator• Biological control• General information and questions
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EAB calendar
Feeding June - October
Inactive October - April
Adults mid-May – July
Adults out mid-May
Pupa April - May
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• Larvae feed under bark June – October; disrupt transport of water, nutrients, carbohydrates
• Healthy trees killed within 2-3 years of first symptoms
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Emerald ash borer in KY
•Emerald ash borer - KYhttp://pest.ca.uky.edu/EXT/EAB/welcome.html
•EAB info - UShttp://www.emeraldashborer.info/
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12 counties > 5 mill ash stems54 counties > 2 mill
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2012 EAB Risk Map
Red = infestedBrown = highOrange = mediumYellow = low
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EAB Survey2012 – 1,700 traps
Year Traps Positive Counties
# Beetles
2008 3,065 0 02009 5,665 10 2002010 6,000 9 1822011 6,825 11 219
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New 2011AndersonBracken
BoyleGarrard HardinScott
Woodford
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Anderson, Franklin, Henry, Owen,Shelby, Woodford
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Boone, Kenton, Campbell
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Greenup - Boyd
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Boyle - Garrard
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Fayette - Jessamine
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Hardin
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Jefferson – Oldham
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2012 Adult emergence
1st emergence mid- May450 to 500 dd base 50
Peak June – Julyabout 750 dd
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70 to 140 dd ahead for 2012
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Ohio State Recommendations
• Imidacloprid when EAB first found – within 15 mi high risk – in quarantine zone – low to moderate risk
• Use Tree-äge when EAB pressure increases• Use high rate of Tree-äge at infestation peak• Monitor and treat as needed after peak
infestation
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Treatment Options• Systemic Soil Injections / Drenches:– Imidacloprid (e.g. Merit, Xytect, Bayer Advanced Tree
& Shrub 12 Month Insect Control)– Dinotefuran
• Systemic Trunk Injections: – Imidacloprid (IMA-jet, Imicide) – Emamectin benzoate (TREE-äge)
• Systemic Trunk Sprays:– Dinotefuron (Safari)
• Bark and canopy sprays: Astro, Onyx
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Realistic Expectations
• Insecticides can protect ash trees from EAB; success is not guaranteed
• Insecticides are not effective in eradicating infestations
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Homeowner options
• 12 mo Tree & Shrub (imidacloprid)• 12 mo Tree & Shrub (dinetofuran)• Ace Caps (acephate)
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Imidacloprid (12 month products)
Product Rate/ in $/inchTree & Shrub (1.47%)
quart1 fl oz $0.60
($.20 dia)Protect & Feed (1.47%)
quart1 fl oz $0.71
Landscape Formula (2.94%) gal
0.5 fl oz $0.53
Granular Tree & Shrub + Fertilizer (1.1%)
0.25 cup ?
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Dinotefuran (Safari)
• Green Light Emerald Ash Borer Killer (2% G)• Tree & Shrub Insect Control with Safari 1/2 to 2/3 cup per inch of tree diameter• Apply early to mid-May
$5.33/lb$5.70/lb
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Acecap 3/8” Insecticide Implants
• 5 per pack $9.50 -
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Arborists / Commercial Applicators
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Imidacloprid (Group 4)
• Drench, soil injection, trunk injection • Merit, Xytect, etc.
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Safari 20 SG Insecticide (dinotefuran) (Group 4)
• Trunk spray – 12 to 24 oz/gal • Use 1 gal per 40” to 50” trunk dbh• 1 – 4 weeks for uptake• Spray from root flare to 4’ to 5’ above ground• Low pressure - 10 to 20 psi• Do not apply to wet bark or within 12 hrs of
rain
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Safari 20 SG Insecticide
• $390 / 3 lb container
• Low rate = $2.48/ in circumference
• High rate = $3.10 /in circumference
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Tree-äge Emamectin benzoate
• Restricted Use – Acute human toxicity• $559/liter• $399 injector• Cordless drill
• $3.15/ inch circumference• 3 yrs with high rate
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Professional Use ProductsSoil injection / Drench Application
Imidacloprid Merit April to May
Trunk injectionImidacloprid IMA-jet Arborjet May to June
Imicide Mauget May to JunePointer Wedgle May to June
Bidrin Injecticide- B Mauget May to JuneEmamectin Tree-age Arbojet MaybenzoateTrunk Spray**Dinotefuran Safari + PentraBark April to May
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Professional Use Products
Preventive Bark & Foliage Cover Spraysbifenthrin Onyxcarbaryl Sevincyfluthrin Tempopermethrin Astro
2x at 4-week intervals – 1st application at black locust bloom
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Trunk Injections
• Absorbed more quickly than drench• Large trees > 12” dbh• Where drenches are not practical –
near water, etc.• Potentially injure trunk, especially if
repeated
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Summary• Insecticides can offer protection
against EAB• Success not assured – annual
treatments may be needed• Factors in successful treatment not
understood yet• Inventory ash – set priorities
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Importing natural enemies
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Spathius agrili
• Attacks EAB larvae – detects infested trees, injects egg into EAB larva
• Affects up to 90% of EAB larvae in Chinese trees
• 3 to 4 generations per year• Winter as pupae under bark
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Tertastichus plannipennisi
• Attacks EAB larvae – detects infested trees, injects egg into EAB larva
• 50% success rate • Up to 127 adults per EAB larva• Winter as larvae under bark
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Oobius agrili
• Attacks EAB egg• At least 4 generations per year• 60% success rate• Up to 62 eggs/wasp• Winter as larvae in egg
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Importing natural enemies
Environmental impact
•Are they specific to intended host?•Can they be reared successfully for mass release?•Is our climate suitable?
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What does the future hold?
• Will North American ash will follow the model of Dutch elm disease - individual trees have reduced life span but are able to reproduce
• OR American chestnut - individual trees die before they can reproduce
• OR something entirely different
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Factoids
• Ash in sunny, open conditions preferred over shaded locations within canopies
• Blue ash appears to be less attractive than green or white but is attacked as other ash species die
• Stressed ash trees may be preferred but once EAB is abundant healthy trees are attacked, too
• 1.5” diameter to mature trees
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EAB Hosts
• Only infests ash (Fraxinus) in the US• EAB or “a closely related beetle” in Asian
attacks species of elm, walnut, and Pterocarya (wingnut)
• Green ash appears to decline more rapidly that white ash under similar conditions
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Dispersal
• Unassisted rate in Michigan appears to have been about 6 mi/year (0.6 mi/yr cited, too)
• On edges – EAB galleries up to 800 yds from potential source
• BUT most within 100 – 200 yds
• 1.7 mi average by mated female
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Eggs
• 50 to 90 eggs / female• In bark crevices• Hatch in about
2 weeks• Rough bark
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Alternate hosts
• Given no alternative, female EAB will lay eggs on alternate species
• “Ovipositional mistakes” do occur in the field but appear to be rare
• Privet appears to be a suitable host for small EAB larvae
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Recommendations change, keep fishing for new information …
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Don’t believe everything you read
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Don’t wait too late to ask for help
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EAB BiologyLee Townsend
Extension Entomologist
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• Saplings may die after 1 year of attack• Large ash trees may die within 3 to 4 years of
initial infestation
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Adult feeding
Adults live 3 to 6 weeks
Edge feeding on foliage
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Foliage feeding
• 5 to 7 days before mating
• 5 to 7 days after mating
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Egg-laying choices (lab)
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Larva
• Up to 1 inch long• Feed in phloem
and cambium• Finished by
October
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Larvae
• Serpentine galleries in phloem and cambium
• Extensive damage to water-conducting tissue
• Packed with frass
Old wood
New wood
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Pupate – mid-April
2 to 3 weeks from start of pupation to and adult